英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
語(yǔ)法是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)模塊,那么英語(yǔ)必修一有哪些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn),一起來(lái)看看吧。
英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):主謂一致
主謂一致是指一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致關(guān)系。一個(gè)句子中主謂一致,通常指三個(gè)基本原則:語(yǔ)法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗鄰一致,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致。
一、語(yǔ)法一致原則
1、在通常情況下,一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致。即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也為單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
This exercise on English idioms is not easy.這個(gè)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)練習(xí)不容易。
2、在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中, “be”的單復(fù)數(shù)取決與后面主語(yǔ)的數(shù).如:
There has been little change in this city.這個(gè)城市沒(méi)有多少變化。
3、“one of”結(jié)構(gòu),位于用單數(shù),“two of”結(jié)構(gòu)位于用復(fù)數(shù)
One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。
Two of the boys have lost their way home.有兩個(gè)男孩回家迷路了。
3、倒裝句的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后,避免誤用。
Never before has she been to Paris!她以前從未去過(guò)巴黎。
二、概念一致
1、主語(yǔ)是抽象概念、短語(yǔ)或從句,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如:
To tell lies is wrong.說(shuō)謊是不正確的。(不定式做主語(yǔ))
Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家務(wù)是一件很勞累的事。(動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ))
How this happened is not clear to anyone.(從句做主語(yǔ))
注意:
(1)用what或which引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句或簡(jiǎn)單句中的數(shù)的概念取決于后面的表語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谶壿嬌系囊饬x是相同的。如:
Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一個(gè)?
Which are your seats?你們的座位是哪些?
(2)單個(gè)的分詞作主語(yǔ),不定式作主語(yǔ),以及主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù),若用連接上述的相同兩個(gè)成分,謂語(yǔ)才用復(fù)數(shù)。
2、兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)用and和both連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3、and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人或同一樣?xùn)|西,and后的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);若有,則用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顧問(wèn)又改變他的想法了。
My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫蘇的同學(xué)在教室里。
a.若and后面加not,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如:
Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei贏了比賽,而不是我。
b.用and 連接的單數(shù)主語(yǔ),前面有each,every,many a,no等詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
c.復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)前加each,謂語(yǔ)仍用復(fù)數(shù)。
d.no后面名詞為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);后為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
三、毗鄰一致
由not only…but also,neither…nor…,either…or…,or 連接的并列主語(yǔ),在肯定句中謂語(yǔ)變化取決于后面的餓主語(yǔ),在疑問(wèn)句中取決于前面的主語(yǔ)。如;
Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。
Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那兒去。
英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)
1)動(dòng)作的承受者——動(dòng)賓
I like China. (名詞)
He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):定語(yǔ)
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過(guò)去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)
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