高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查
高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)是一項(xiàng)考查高中學(xué)生多方面英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí),學(xué)科語(yǔ)言多種技能的綜合性高考題型。短文改錯(cuò)的目的是測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正一些詞法、句法以及語(yǔ)篇中的行文邏輯等方面錯(cuò)誤的能力。接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查,一起來(lái)看看吧。
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查:萬(wàn)能公式
1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有:
①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;
?、赼nd前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;
?、壑髦^不一致;
④缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;
?、莸谌朔Q單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;
?、拗鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。
2.名詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤:
單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。
3.連詞錯(cuò)誤:
連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/or/but等。
關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系:who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤:
誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)判定);
誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)
5.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤:
系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);
詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。
6.代詞錯(cuò)誤:
代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)錯(cuò)誤;
反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤;
代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;
代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;
多代詞或少代詞。
7.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤:
不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí);
and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));
介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);
某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。
8.介詞錯(cuò)誤:
詞組中的介詞誤用;
介詞意思理解偏差;
介詞的多用或少用
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查:口訣
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù);
注意形和副;
非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;
習(xí)慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。
1、動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。
例如:
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
2、名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫(xiě)成單數(shù)。
例如:
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
3、區(qū)分形和副
即區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn)。
例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
4、非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。
例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
5、習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。
例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
6、句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。
例如:
They∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。
7、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。
例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
…no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書(shū)了,所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,??嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。
例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查:設(shè)題
1. 動(dòng)詞:主要考查時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致和固定搭配。
?、贂r(shí)態(tài)混用
Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.
很顯然此段的主時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式,因此應(yīng)把can’t改為couldn’t.
?、谥髦^不一致
There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
a football game決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),故應(yīng)該把were改為was.
?、酃潭ù钆?/p>
He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer.
give up doing sth.是固定用法,故動(dòng)詞buy應(yīng)該改為buying.
2. 名詞:主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)混用。
Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
表示“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故應(yīng)把year改為years.
3. 形容詞/副詞:主要考查兩者之間是否混用。
?、俑痹~代替正確形容詞
During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
很明顯是“與平時(shí)相比較更忙”,因此需要把usually改為usual.
?、谛稳菰~代替正確副詞
As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on — get going!”
顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞cheer.
4. 介詞:主要考查固定搭配,特別是動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。
①介詞遺漏
I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
get rid of 是固定搭配,意為“擺脫,除去”。
?、诮樵~多余
My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
這里顯然是區(qū)分because of與because的用法。前者不能接句子,而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子,故應(yīng)該把of去掉。
?、劢樵~錯(cuò)用(一般為固定搭配)
I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”
pick out改為pick up.pick out挑選;pick up撿起。
5. 連詞:主要考查句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。??嫉娜N關(guān)系主要是:轉(zhuǎn)折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。
One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.
顯然,句意為“我們開(kāi)車去的原因是因?yàn)槲覀円I很多東西”,所以應(yīng)該把but改為because / as / for.
6. 句式:主要考查that與what或which / how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。這是短文改錯(cuò)的常考點(diǎn)。
She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
句意為:她沒(méi)有足夠多的時(shí)間來(lái)做自己想做的事情。很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what.
7. 冠詞:主要考查冠詞是否多余或遺漏。
?、俟谠~多余
So I went to sell newspapers after the school.
“放學(xué)后”應(yīng)該用after school表示,故此處定冠詞多余,應(yīng)去掉the.
?、诠谠~遺漏
As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.
at an early age表示“很小的時(shí)候”,故early前應(yīng)加不定冠詞。
8.代詞:主要考查代詞是否多余或遺漏,以及代詞之間的混用。
?、俅~多余
Don’t lose your heart if you fail in the exam.
lose heart表示“泄氣,喪失勇氣”,而lose one’s heart to sb. / sth.表示“愛(ài)上,鐘情于……”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,此處很明顯是指“別泄氣”,故應(yīng)該把your去掉。
?、诖~遺漏
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.
應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示“使他的課堂生動(dòng)有趣”。
?、鄞~混用
We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.
根據(jù)句意“我們生活在一個(gè)大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰(shuí)有困難,其他人就會(huì)幫助他/她解決困難”,所以應(yīng)把them改為us,把other改為others.
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