英語(yǔ)必修四語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)必修四語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
高二階段需要打好英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，語(yǔ)法是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語(yǔ)必修四語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來看看吧。
英語(yǔ)必修四語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去分詞做定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)
1.English is a widely used language.
2.He threw away the broken cup.
3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
單個(gè)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 災(zāi)區(qū)
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定語(yǔ)
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語(yǔ)
3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語(yǔ)
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語(yǔ)
Past Participle as the Attribute定語(yǔ) Past Participle as the Predicative表語(yǔ)
1.terrified people1.people who are terrified
2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved
3.polluted water3.water that is polluted
4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded
5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased
6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished
7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken
8.a closed door8.a door that is closed
9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired
10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有許多落葉)
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒去過北京)
及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
polluted water
= water which is polluted
reserved seats
= the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
= the animal which was trapped
不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。
boiled water
= water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves which have fallen
risen sun
= the sun which has risen
過去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒過北京.
The book _written by the farmer (一本農(nóng)民寫的書) is very popular.
The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會(huì)議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.
The window broken by that naughty boy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.
The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽(yáng)光下的) got sunburnt.
The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的) is now a college student.
The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
英語(yǔ)必修四語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：全部倒裝
倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。
Theregoesthebell.
2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。
Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.
注意上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Herehecomes.
英語(yǔ)必修四語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
英語(yǔ)中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，(此時(shí)的過去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)
一. 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語(yǔ)：少說多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二.過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞”的兩種情況：
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。
不定式作賓補(bǔ)： 表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
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