小學(xué)所有英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了小學(xué)所有英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來(lái)看看吧。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：六類(lèi)名詞
一、the + 瞬間名詞
其中的瞬間名詞主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等，其意為“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于as soon as。如：
The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他對(duì)她一見(jiàn)傾心。
I’ll telephone the minute there’s any change. 一有變更我立即用電話通知。
Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一有結(jié)果，馬上給我打電話。
I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡著了。
She put down the receiver the second she recognized my voice. 她一聽(tīng)出是我的聲音，馬上就放下電話聽(tīng)筒。
注：其中的瞬間名詞后可接that，也可省略。另外，有的個(gè)別副詞(如directly / immediately等)也可表示類(lèi)似意思。如：
Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio. 飯一吃完他就把收音機(jī)打開(kāi)。
二、the + 季節(jié)名詞
其中的季節(jié)名詞包括spring, summer, autumn, winter，其意為“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。如：
His wife left him the spring he went abroad. 在他出國(guó)的那年春天，他的妻子離開(kāi)了他。
He sold his house and went to the south the summer he lost his job. 在他失業(yè)的那年夏天，他賣(mài)掉房子去了南方。
He was sent to prison the winter his third daughter was born. 在他第三個(gè)女兒出生的那年冬天，他被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。
She got married the autumn she graduated from college. 她大學(xué)畢業(yè)的那年秋天就結(jié)婚了。
三、the+時(shí)間名詞
其中的時(shí)間名詞主要包括hour, day, night, week, month, season, year等，其意為“在……的時(shí)候、那天、那個(gè)晚上、那周、那個(gè)月、那個(gè)季節(jié)、那年”。如：
The hour he was in her office, he felt very sad. 當(dāng)他在她辦公室的時(shí)候，他感到很傷心。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 他回家的那一天，他的父親已經(jīng)死了。
The night I went to see her, she had left for Beijing to attend an important meeting. 就我去看她的那個(gè)晚上，她到北京去開(kāi)一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議了。
Mr Smith didn't go to work the week his wife was ill. 史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那個(gè)星期沒(méi)去上班。
The year he lived in the country, he learned a lot. 他在鄉(xiāng)下呆的那一年，他學(xué)到了不少東西。
四、the +序數(shù)詞+time
其中的序數(shù)詞包括first, second, third, fourth等，其意為“當(dāng)?shù)趲状?hellip;…的時(shí)候”。如：
My girlfriend beat me at poker the first time we played. 我頭一次和女朋友打撲克，她就把我贏了。
The second time I saw her, she looked like an old woman. 我第二次見(jiàn)到她時(shí)，她看上去像一個(gè)老太婆。
The third time I went there, I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty. 我第三次去那兒時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都離開(kāi)了，所有的辦公室都是空的。
注：1. next, last也具有類(lèi)似序數(shù)詞的性質(zhì)，因此也具有以上用法。如：
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來(lái)，請(qǐng)關(guān)門(mén)。
The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我們談話時(shí)他說(shuō)他還需要兩天。
2. the first time, the second time, the third time 等用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其前通常要有定冠詞，而 (the) next time, (the) last time引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中的冠詞可以省略，如下面這道上海高考題，其答案是C，不是A：
I thought her nice and honest______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
五、不定代詞+ time
其中的不定代詞主要包括each, every, any等。如：
Every time I ring her, the phone is engaged. 我每次給她打電話，電話都占線。
Every time I see him he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money. 每次我見(jiàn)到他，他不是向我訴苦，就是要向我借錢(qián)。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。
Any time you come to London do look me up. 你無(wú)論什么時(shí)候到倫敦來(lái)，一定要來(lái)看我。
注意：every time, each time, any time用作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)其前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，它與the first time, the second time, the third time 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)其前必須要用定冠詞不同。
六、其他名詞結(jié)構(gòu)
以上歸納的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)均用于引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有些其他結(jié)構(gòu)還可引導(dǎo)其他性質(zhì)的狀語(yǔ)從句，如the way 可用于引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“像……一樣”。如：
The didn’t do it the way we do now. 那時(shí)他們不像我們現(xiàn)在這樣行事。
Joyce looked at me the way a lot of girls did. 喬伊絲像許多姑娘那樣瞧著我。
注：這樣用的 the way 與 as 用法相似。如：
Hold it in both hands, the way (=as) Mummy does. 用兩只手捧住，像媽媽那樣。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞很多，如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等：
Things were different when I was a child. 我小時(shí)候情況與現(xiàn)在不同。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。
It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見(jiàn)到你，已有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)。
除以上基本的引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞外，還有些本來(lái)不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞：
(1) 表示“一…就”的從屬連詞：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：
Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來(lái)我就把消息告訴了他。
The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒(méi)希望了。
We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。
Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來(lái)我們就可以開(kāi)始。
(2) 涉及time的幾個(gè)從屬連詞：every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時(shí))，the last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：
Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起這事。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見(jiàn)到他時(shí)他沒(méi)告訴我。
■與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題有兩點(diǎn)值得注意：
(1) 當(dāng)主句為將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來(lái)意義時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，而不能直接使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。
I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來(lái)我就告訴他。
(2) 與since 從句搭配的主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：
He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來(lái)，他就一直住在這兒。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見(jiàn)到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有時(shí)也可能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見(jiàn)面了。
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來(lái)他一直未吃任何東西。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)
一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空會(huì)給她寫(xiě)信。
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。
二、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果趕緊走我們可能趕得上公共汽車(chē)。
Tell me in case you get into trouble. 遇到麻煩請(qǐng)告訴我。
三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪兒，我就跟著去哪兒。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都不會(huì)付錢(qián)。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 無(wú)論我們幫他與否，他都會(huì)失敗。
I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose. 贏也好，輸也好，我都將會(huì)玩好。
四、比較狀語(yǔ)從句
I will come earlier than you do. 我會(huì)比你先到。
He will do it better than we expect. 他會(huì)比我們預(yù)料的做得好。
五、比例狀語(yǔ)從句
The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就會(huì)越胖。
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I’ll be able to answer them. 題目越難我越答不出。
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