2017高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
2017高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
高考英語(yǔ)備考是一個(gè)聚智聚謀的過(guò)程。為了方便大家復(fù)習(xí)，接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你推薦2017高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納，一起看看吧!
2017高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
一、表示“使/讓……”概念的動(dòng)詞
這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,cause等.它們后邊分別可跟不定式，分詞，形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，名詞等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising.勝利使得我們情緒高漲。
二、不定式做賓補(bǔ)，不定式符號(hào)可以省略的動(dòng)詞
常見(jiàn)的有;see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,llook at等感官動(dòng)詞及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。這類(lèi)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后不定式符號(hào) to常補(bǔ)出。
例如：We are made to work far into the night.我們被迫干活到深夜。注;在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，watch，have,let一般不變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： The boy was watched to come out。(誤)
三、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其后內(nèi)容省略而只保留不定式符號(hào)的動(dòng)詞此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有;
refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,plan, try, prefer,wish等。例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?------Idid n't mean to.
四、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬預(yù)期的動(dòng)詞這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句從句時(shí)常用:
should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，常見(jiàn)的有：order ,demend,suggest,insist,require,advise,decide,propose等。例如He orderd that we should do it at once.他要求我們立即完成這項(xiàng)工作。He adviced we should do more speaking practising inorder to improve ourEnglish.他建議我們要想提高英語(yǔ)水平應(yīng)練習(xí)說(shuō)。
五、形主動(dòng)、意義被動(dòng)的詞常見(jiàn)的有：
work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此類(lèi)詞的主語(yǔ)常為物。而且還常與表示特征、狀況、行為、方式的副詞well,easily,long等連用。例如;The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long.
六、行為動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的詞
這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組，其后須帶有表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，V-ing，V-ed)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常見(jiàn)的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。例如;It sounded like a train that was going under my house.聽(tīng)起來(lái)，象有火車(chē)在樓下飛馳而過(guò)。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好。
七、只接名詞作賓語(yǔ)的詞
此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有: apprecate, adcice,suggest, compiete, finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,keep, delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive, permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等。例如：I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常欽佩她獻(xiàn)身教育的精神。Do you mind my asking a question?我問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題你不介意吧?
八、既可接現(xiàn)在分詞又可接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞
此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。例如：The two cheats had the lighes burning all night long. Yesday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.
九、同一詞語(yǔ)用作及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞
此類(lèi)及物與不及物用法是有區(qū)別的，常見(jiàn)的有;work,wait/wait for,lie/lay,raise/rise,sit/seat,serve等。例如：If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.課堂上有什么問(wèn)題可以舉手發(fā)問(wèn)。The sun rising,we started out.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了，我們便開(kāi)始上路。
十、構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)的“短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”
此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)中數(shù)量較大。如;act as充當(dāng)，beleve in相信,come across遇見(jiàn),deal with處理,engage in從事,lead to導(dǎo)致,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴 die out滅絕,rise up起義, set off出發(fā),warm up暖和起來(lái),make fun of取笑,make friends with與……交朋友,set fire on點(diǎn)火,date back to追溯到,get along with 與……相處,look forward to期望,run out of用光,do away with廢除.
We must look into the matter immediately.
我們必須馬上調(diào)查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with.
老年人應(yīng)向青年人學(xué)習(xí)，跟上時(shí)代發(fā)展的步伐
2017高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又可做定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(chēng)上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
1關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ)，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：
不用that的情況：
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
?、谙刃性~為those, people 時(shí)
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
?、巯刃性~為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時(shí)
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
?、菰诒环指舻亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時(shí)，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開(kāi)始的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)
He is not the man that he used to be.
3關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
?、僭诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中，"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
?、诤薪樵~短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
3名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級(jí) + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
4as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的差別
由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法區(qū)別：
(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測(cè)、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
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