2017高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
2017高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),作為一門(mén)語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)的研究,在我國(guó)得到了越來(lái)越多的重視。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你分享2017高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎閱讀。
2017高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)(一)
句型1
would rather that somebody did…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示過(guò)去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。
I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.我到情愿你不是個(gè)知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時(shí)間在一起。
I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒(méi)有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主語(yǔ)+did/had done…好像……(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí))[參考句型4]
[例句]
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來(lái)就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。
句型3
"wish +賓語(yǔ)從句"，表示不大 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí);
表示過(guò)去的愿望：主語(yǔ)+had done;
表示將來(lái)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己!
句型4
It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……
[例句]
It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。
I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
句型5
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
could have done "本來(lái)可以……"(表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能)。
might have done "本來(lái)可能……;本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事"(實(shí)際沒(méi)有發(fā)生;含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。
should/ought to have done "本來(lái)該做某事"(而實(shí)際未做)
should not/ought not to have done "本來(lái)不該做"(實(shí)際卻做過(guò)了，含有責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣)
needn't have done "本來(lái)不必做"(但是已經(jīng)做過(guò)了)
would rather have done "當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事"(實(shí)際沒(méi)有做過(guò));否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反意思，兩者都有表示"后悔"之意。
句型6
as, though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。[參考倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)] 請(qǐng)注意下列句式的變化：
[例句]
Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。
Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒(méi)有人受傷。
Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。
Object as you may, I will go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)"沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……"
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。
To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.讓我非常失望的是，我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)"過(guò)了多久才……"或"動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……"
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。
句型9
It was + 時(shí)間段+before…."過(guò)了多久才(怎么樣)……"
It was not long before…."不久，就……"
It will (not) be +時(shí)間段+before…."要過(guò)多久(不久)……才……"(before從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài))
[例句]
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。
It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回來(lái)。
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再過(guò)半年你才能畢業(yè)。
It will not be long before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會(huì)互相了解。
句型10
in case of…(+n.) "以防;萬(wàn)一";
in case that…"以防，萬(wàn)一……"(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形)
[例句]
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 萬(wàn)一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>
Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
2017高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)(二)
句型11
It強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + who(主要指人時(shí))/that + 其余部分
[注意1]
這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)(包括時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，原因等)，但是不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(參考句型15)。
原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，用It is…that/who….;
原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用It was…that/who….;
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式時(shí)不要用when, where或how, 必須用that。
[例句]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
[注意2]強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)
一般疑問(wèn)句 Is / Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +who / that …?
特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is /was +it +who / that…?
What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…?
Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…?
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→When was it that you saw him in the street?
→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
[例句2]
I don't know when he will come back.
→I don't know when it is that he will come back.(賓語(yǔ)從句疑問(wèn)詞后用陳述句語(yǔ)序)
-How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生聯(lián)系上的?
-Trough a friend of mine. 通過(guò)一個(gè)朋友。
句型12
(1)、祈使句(表?xiàng)l件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表結(jié)果)… "否則…，要不然…"
(2)、祈使句(表?xiàng)l件)+ and +主句(表結(jié)果)
[例句]
Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out.你來(lái)之前打個(gè)電話，否則，我們也許會(huì)出去。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸進(jìn)尺。
Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。
句型13
…until…."直到……時(shí)候";not…until…"直到……才……"
[例句]
You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你媽媽回來(lái)。
The meeting was put off until ten o'clock. 會(huì)議推遲到十點(diǎn)鐘。
The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.
→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒裝句)
等到湖里的魚(yú)全死光了，村民們才意識(shí)到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。
句型14
unless…"除非，如果不……"(=if…not)
[例句]
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。
-Shall Tom go and play football?
-Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作業(yè)，否則不能出去。
I won't go unless he comes to invite me himself.
除非他本人來(lái)邀請(qǐng)我，不然我是不會(huì)去的。
I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀請(qǐng)，否則我不去參加的生日晚會(huì)。
句型15
when引導(dǎo)的從句
when除了用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句，還有一種用法值得關(guān)注，那就是when引導(dǎo)并列分句，意思是"這 時(shí)突然;就在那時(shí)"，強(qiáng)調(diào)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主語(yǔ) + be doing… when…意思是"正在做某事這時(shí)……";(2)、主語(yǔ) + be about to do…when…;(3)、主語(yǔ)+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是"正要去做某事這時(shí)……"
[例句]
One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飛行，這時(shí)他的飛機(jī)突然爆炸了。
I don't know when he will arrive. 我不曉得他什么時(shí)候到達(dá)。
I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京時(shí)的那段快樂(lè)日子。
I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒(méi)有武器的日子不久就會(huì)到來(lái)。
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河邊行走，這時(shí)我突然聽(tīng)到一個(gè)落水男孩求救。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我剛要離開(kāi)，這時(shí)下雨了。
[比較]
I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我正在街上走，這時(shí)我看見(jiàn)一家裁縫店。
I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我在街上走。就在那時(shí)我看見(jiàn)一家裁縫店。
句型16
while引導(dǎo)的從句
while除了有"當(dāng)/在……時(shí)候"的意思外(注意：引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞!)，另外的兩層意思也是考查的重點(diǎn)： (1)while = although "盡管"、"雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;(2)while的意思是"然而;可是"，常用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)比關(guān)系。
[例句]
While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved.盡管我承認(rèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難，但是我并不認(rèn)為無(wú)法解決。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我也能看出他的缺點(diǎn)。
While I was angry with her, I didn't lose my temper.雖然我很生氣，但我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有對(duì)她發(fā)脾氣。
While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you. 雖然我了解你的見(jiàn)解， 我還是不能同意(你)。
I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只賺120美元，她卻賺180美元。
句型17
where…(地點(diǎn)從句)
[注意]
where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)從句時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或是邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)它在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代地點(diǎn)時(shí)，這時(shí)可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等結(jié)構(gòu)代替。但是它引導(dǎo)邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，沒(méi)有這樣用法。
[例句]
You should put the book where it was. 把書(shū)放回原處。
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人類(lèi)貪欲不止，世界和平無(wú)望。
Go where you should, keep on studying. 無(wú)論你到哪里，你都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。
That is the building where my father works. 那是我父親工作的大樓。
Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百貨公司，就在那兒遇見(jiàn)了我的老師。
That's where a change is needed. 那就是需要變更的地方。
句型18
what引導(dǎo)的從句
what在英語(yǔ)中非?；钴S,它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，但是不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。在句子里可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，既可以指人，也可以指物。
[例句]
What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?
What did you pay for this picture? 這幅畫(huà)你付了多少錢(qián)?
What is most important in life isn't money. 人生最重要的并非是金錢(qián)。
Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所買(mǎi)的東西給我看一下嗎?
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已經(jīng)不是10年前的她了。
句型19
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
在as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，連接代詞as在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等，可以指人或物。其在定語(yǔ)從句中的位置比較靈活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中間或句子末尾。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
[注意1]as通常只指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，不表示部分內(nèi)容。
[注意2]as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常指"事先可以預(yù)料到的""料想到的"，表達(dá)"好"的方面。
[注意3]as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常構(gòu)成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等結(jié)構(gòu)。在從句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整個(gè)句子。
[例句]
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過(guò)你，這也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說(shuō)話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個(gè)老師。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那樣偶然想起的主意是無(wú)用的。
It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 這故事跟我從她那兒聽(tīng)到的相同。
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要盡可能找漂亮的女孩結(jié)婚。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.那些對(duì)世界做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人們應(yīng)該受到極大的尊重。
句型20
which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(也引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以指整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，也可以指句子的部分內(nèi)容(如單詞或詞組等)，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞 的)、定語(yǔ)等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是"不好的"、"事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的"等時(shí)，常用which，只指物。
[例句]
Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黃石國(guó)家公園位于懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國(guó)家公園之一。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 這時(shí)鐘是我祖父買(mǎi)的，現(xiàn)在還走時(shí)很準(zhǔn)。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.那幅畫(huà)他花了一大筆錢(qián)購(gòu)買(mǎi)，卻是幅贗品。
She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。
I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期間我學(xué)了法語(yǔ)。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)晴，是我們沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。
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