三、閱讀理解

　　A段

　　【2016模擬題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項中(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　(2015•江蘇)

　　In the United States alone，over 100 million cell­phones are thrown away each year.Cell­phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

　　Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so­called e­waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

　　Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

　　Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell­phone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包裝)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

　　The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.

　　In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(動機)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

　　Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(氣泡墊)that encased your television?

　　From the governments' point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.

　　文章大意：文章主要講述了電子垃圾的產生、危害以及相關解決措施。

　　1.By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that________.

　　A.the weight of e­goods is rather small

　　B.e­waste deserves to be made good use of

　　C.natural minerals contain more precious metals

　　D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e­waste

　　答案：B　推斷判斷題。結合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，該段主要講述電子設備中包含有很多貴重的金屬;下文引用瑞士的研究進一步論證電子垃圾中的貴重金屬含量比自然礦產中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告訴我們電子垃圾應該得到很好的利用。故正確答案為B。

　　2.The responsibility of e­waste treatment should be extended________.

　　A.from producers to governments

　　B.from governments to producers

　　C.from individuals to distributors

　　D.from distributors to governments

　　答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。結合文章最后一句“...a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.”可知，電子垃圾的責任應該從政府延伸到生產者。故正確答案為B。

　　3.What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A.The increase in e­waste.

　　B.The creation of e­waste.

　　C.The seriousness of e­waste.

　　D.The management of e­waste.

　　答案：D　主旨大意題。本文從電子垃圾與日俱增這一現象出發(fā)，分析了電子垃圾治理的必要性，并對一些國家政府將電子垃圾治理的責任延伸到生產者這一考慮進行評述。由此可知，本文通篇是圍繞著電子垃圾治理這一話題展開的。故正確答案為D。

　　B段

　　【2016高考訓練題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　One hometown owner in Detroit is intending to exchange his villa for the latest iPhone 6.

　　The owner has dropped the asking price from $ 5,000 to a new iPhone 6 as the owner is desperate to sell before the tax auction (拍賣) season where “thousands” of homes near foreclosure (房屋止贖權) will flood into the market, a real estate broker (房地產經紀人) called Larry Else told ABC News.

　　“This house is really not worth much at all,” Else said. The windows are broken and there is no front door. The broker himself has not been inside the home because his company has a policy of not going in unsecured houses alone. Detroit’s declining fortunes have left its population about a third of what it used to be in its peak, according to the U.S. Census Bureau(人口普查辦公室).

　　Now, the property has accrued (拖欠) more than $6,000 in back taxes (退稅款) and will enter foreclosure next year if that debt is not settled. So while the owner is asking for an iPhone 6, the true cost of the sale comes from the buyer including the cost of the back taxes.

　　That attracted great interest in the property, as Else said that he received four offers today alone. One woman said she was interested in the house for the wood. Another said that they would be willing to hand over an iPhone 5, and another offered $ 850. But Else hinted that the most likely buyer is someone who already lives on the block and put in a $ 700 bid(出價), and their familiarity with the area appeared to put them at the head of the pack. He said he expects one of the four offers to work out, and may even confirm the sale tonight.

　　This is not the end of his bartering (物物交換) business, however, as Else said that he’s already gotten another call from a homeowner who has had trouble selling their property.

　　1、Why did the owner drop his price for the house?

　　A. Because the house was too old.

　　B. Because there is a boom in economy.

　　C. Because he wanted to sell the house quickly.

　　D. Because the population in Detroit is small.

　　2、Larry Else hasn’t come into the house because _______.

　　A. it is dangerous to enter it

　　B. the owner doesn’t permit it

　　C. he is not familiar with the area

　　D. it will break the company’s rule

　　3、The house will most possibly be sold at the price of _______.

　　A. $ 5,000 B. $ 850 C. $ 700 D. an iPhone 6

　　4、The passage is most probably taken from ________.

　　A. a story book B. a news report

　　C. an economy report D. a tourist brochure

　　參考答案1—4、CDCB

　　四、七選五

　　(2015•山東濟南市5月針對性訓練)

　　For some people，the warmest memories from childhood come from being read a great story.__1__ It develops children's language skills and increases their ability to succeed in school and，later，work.

　　A new report by the American Academy of Pediatrics says reading aloud is so important that parents should start as soon as their children are born and continue to read aloud even after their children can read by themselves.They say parents should also point to and talk about pictures in books for infants(嬰幼兒).__2__

　　The company Scholastic is a major U.S.publisher of children's books.Every two years，Scholastic publishes a report on American reading attitudes and habits.The 2015 report says only 31 percent of children in the U.S.read a book for fun almost every day.

　　__3__ One is simply to have books in the home.Elizabeth Lyttleton，the mother of three，is lucky.Her mother once wrote and illustrated children's books，so the family always have plenty to read.She says all her children learn from books but in different ways.__4__ Researchers from the Scholastic company found that 80%of children surveyed of all ages say they love being read to.And children ages 6 to 11 whose parents do not read to them anymore say they miss it.

　　__5__ Of all the six to 17­year­olds in the Scholastic study，more than 90%said their favorite books are the ones they chose for themselves.

　　A.The Scholastic report also suggests permitting children to choose their own books.

　　B.Scholastic also identifies some ways to develop a love of reading in a child.

　　C.A book does not have to be serious to be good for kids.

　　D.For young children，parents should ask questions about the book.

　　E.Do children still read for fun?

　　F.Another way to develop a reading habit in children is to read to them.

　　G.But reading to children does more than create warm memories.

　　文章大意：作者主要介紹父母們給孩子讀書的好處，幫助孩子養(yǎng)成良好的讀書習慣，喜歡讀書，讓孩子受益一生。

　　1.G　根據空前后與G中的關鍵詞warm memories，reading，being read，children，childhood等可知答案。 But是關鍵提示詞，首句意思是：對于很多人來說，童年最溫暖的回憶(the warmest memory)就是有人給讀故事(being read a great story)。選項G的“warm memories”對應空格前的“the warmest memory”;“reading to children”對應空格前的“being read a great story”和空格后的“it”。并且，選項G中的“more than”對應空格后的“It develops children's language skills(開發(fā)孩子的語言能力)and increases their ability to succeed in school, and later, work(并且增強孩子的學習能力和日后的職場能力)”。說明給孩子讀故事的好處，不只是空格前的一句，還有空格后的兩大好處，故選G。

　　2.D　根據空前后與D中的關鍵詞：parents，questions，children，book，questions等。根據第二段的“start as soon as their children are born”和“infants(嬰兒)”等詞可以看出。本段講的是要盡早開始培養(yǎng)閱讀興趣。D選項提到了“young children(幼兒)”一詞，可以與本段的上文形成照應。而且，選項D的“ask questions”與上文的“point to”和“talk about”都是給幼兒讀書時可以用到的方法，是并列關系?？芍鸢高xD。

　　3.B　根據空前后與B中的關鍵詞ways，love for reading等判斷。 空格后的“One”是重點提示詞。根據對本段結構的分析，后文有方法之一“One”，所以就會有方法之二。而3題位于本段開頭，所以極有可能是總起本段。選項B中的“some ways”就能起到總起全段的作用。而且選項B的“develop a love of reading in a child”(開發(fā)孩子對閱讀的熱愛之情)在意思上也能統帥后文，都是講的培養(yǎng)孩子閱讀熱情的方法。故答案選B。

　　4.F　根據空前后與F中的關鍵詞another，one，read to them，being read等。3空格后的“One”是重要提示詞。3空格后“One”一句是說方法之一是“to have books in the home”(家里有書)。那么下文就應該會有方法之二。在結構上形成對應上的只有F選項，因為F選項有“Another”一詞。而且，F選項的“to develop a reading habit in children”在意思上順承前一句，且能領起下一句，照應下句的“they love being read to”?？芍鸢高xF。

　　5.A　根據空前后與A中的關鍵詞：choose，own，themselves等?？崭窈蟮囊痪湔f“their favorite books are the ones they chose for themselves”(孩子們最喜歡的書是他們自己選擇的那些書)，說的是自主選擇對于培養(yǎng)閱讀興趣的重要性。選項A中的“choose their own books”正好對應空格后的“chose”?？崭窈蟮囊痪涫菍τ谶x項A的進一步闡釋。而且，選項A中的“The Scholastic report”對應上文的“Scholastic”。由此可知答案選A。



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