河南中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
河南中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在河南的中考英語(yǔ)考試中,會(huì)考到哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的河南中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。
河南中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(一)
Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。
1)(對(duì)) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯(cuò)) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對(duì),它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
河南中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(二)
What的三種用法
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
(1)具有疑問(wèn)代詞性質(zhì)的what:意為“什么,什么樣的”。如:
I don’t know what he needs. 我不知道他需要什么。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(2)在名詞前表示感嘆的what:意為“多么”。如:
Only then did I recognize what silly mistakes I had made. 只是在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我犯了多么愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))
(3)具有關(guān)系代詞性質(zhì)的what:意為“所……的”。
相當(dāng)于“the+名詞+that”或者all that,即好像是既包括了先行詞也包含了關(guān)系代詞,因此,有學(xué)者稱之為關(guān)系代詞型what。如:
What (=The thing that) happened after that was interesting. 后來(lái)發(fā)生的事挺有意思。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))
China is not what (=the China that) used to be. (what在表語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ))
The boy dived into water and after what (the time that) seemed to be a long time, he came up again. 他跳進(jìn)水里,過(guò)了好像很久之后,他才又從水里出來(lái)。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))
河南中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(三)
1. 介詞的功能
介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語(yǔ))
The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語(yǔ))
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語(yǔ))
Help yourself to some fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
2. 常用介詞的用法辨析
(1)表時(shí)間的介詞
1)at, in on
表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
2)since, after
由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段,但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去,因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如:
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3)in, after
in與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如:
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞
1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2)over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸,一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如:
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
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