高一英語必修1Unit2知識梳理、重點詞匯解析人教版(3)
(1)such as 用于列舉事物時常放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間,且其后不用逗號,直接跟所列舉的事物,可與 like互換。它所列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于前面所提的事物的總和,否則就用 that is或 namely。
(2)for example 主要用于舉例說明,其前后多用符號隔開。其位置比較靈活,可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列舉的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相當(dāng)于 namely,它所列舉的事物的總量等于前面所提到的事物的總和。
(4)and so on 對幾個事物進(jìn)行列舉時,在說了其中的幾個以后,用...and so on進(jìn)行概括,說明還有例子,但不一一列出了。
[應(yīng)用2] (1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________, Chinese, maths, English and P.E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________, destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
3. especially/ specially
【解釋】
especially意思是“尤其,特別”,表達(dá)事物的不尋?;蛱貏e重要
specially 指為了某一目的,專門做某事
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 我們城市很美麗,尤其在春天。
2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help. 他是專程來這里向你求助的。
答案: 1). especially 2). specially
4 a number of / the number of
【解釋】
a number of意思是“若干;許多”
the number of意思是“……的數(shù)目”
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.
2). ____________ books in the market are in English.
答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of
II詞性變化 (旨在提供語法填空所需材料)
1. actual adj. 實際的 actually adv. 實際上;事實上
2. base n. 基地;基礎(chǔ) base v. 以……為根據(jù) basic adj. 基本的
3. east n. 東方 eastern adj. 東方的;東部的
【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1) What did he _________ say? (actual)
2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)
3)My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base)
4)She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base)
5)This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base)
6)He is interested in ________ customs. (determine)
7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine)
答案: 1) actually 2) actual 3) basic 4) base
5) based 6) eastern 7) east
重點詞匯
1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場的;目前的vt. 贈送
[典例] 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒法幫助你。
3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況,我建議你等等。
[重點用法]
at present=at the present time=now 目前,現(xiàn)在
be present at 出席;到場(反義: be absent from)
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送給某人
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 所有(那些)在場者一眼就看出那個錯誤。
2). 這本書是哥哥贈送給我的。
答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.
2). This book was a present from my brother.
2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。
[重點用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指揮,由…控制
be in command of 控制… be at one’s command 聽任某人支配
have / take command of… 指揮…
[特別提醒] command后接that從句時要用虛擬語氣
[練習(xí)] 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.
2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.
答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of
3. request n.& v. 請求;要求
[典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的請求能夠獲準(zhǔn)。.
2). I requested him to help. 我請求他幫忙。
[重點用法]
request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事
⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.
?、?He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.
⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英。
1). 我是(特別)應(yīng)你要求而來。 2). 請不要吸煙。
答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.
擴展===聯(lián)想:像command一樣,其后的名詞性從句的謂語用“(should)+ 動詞原形”的常用詞有:
一個“堅持(insist)”;
兩個“命令(order,command)”;
三個“建議(suggest,advise,propose)”;
四個“要求(demand,ask,require,request)”;
4. recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出;承認(rèn);公認(rèn)
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認(rèn)出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承認(rèn)他為合法繼承人。
[重點用法]
recognize…by sth 認(rèn)出或識別某人/某事物 recognize…as sth 承認(rèn)某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承認(rèn)…是 recognize +賓語從句 意識到;承認(rèn)
[練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 人們都承認(rèn)他是他們理所當(dāng)然的領(lǐng)袖。
2). 我認(rèn)出他是我朋友的哥哥。
答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.
2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.
5. straight adj.筆直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直
[典例] 1). This is a straight road. 這是一條直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中學(xué)一畢業(yè)就馬上進(jìn)了大學(xué)。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英1).我的領(lǐng)帶系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。
答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.
6. block vt. 堵塞;阻礙n. 街區(qū);木塊;石塊
[典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重點用法]
a block of 一大塊 block out 堵住 block off 封鎖;封閉 block up 堵塞;阻礙
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 他們在繞樓群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往蘇格蘭的道路。
答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block.
2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
7、actually adv. 實際上;事實上
相近詞匯:in fact\as a matter of fact
8.gradual adj.逐漸的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐漸地,逐步地
9..native adj. 本地的,出生地的;天賦的
n. 本地人;出生于某國的人
be native to... 原產(chǎn)于某地
one’s native country/land 本國,祖國
native place 出生地
one’s native language 本國語,本族語,母語
a native of 當(dāng)?shù)厝?產(chǎn)于……的動/植物
[即學(xué)即練1] (1)China is our ____________, and Chinese is our ____________.
中國是我們的祖國,漢語是我們的母語。
(2)The tiger __________________ India.這種虎產(chǎn)于印度。
(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。
答案.native country; native language;is native to;a native of