高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯辨析和易錯(cuò)詞匯介紹
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)是掌握詞匯,為了幫助大家更好的掌握一些英語(yǔ)詞匯,下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)高考英語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)詞匯辨析,希望能夠幫助到大家。
高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯辨析
1.accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指責(zé),控告”之意,有時(shí)可通用,但結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣。accuse不一定針對(duì)重大過(guò)失或罪行,其結(jié)構(gòu)為accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大過(guò)失或罪行,其結(jié)構(gòu)為charge sb with sth,此結(jié)構(gòu)還有“使某人負(fù)有……責(zé)任”之意。例如:
例1:My father accused me of my being too careless. (父親責(zé)備我太粗心。)
例2:He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽職守。)
例3:He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4:Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控謀殺。)
例5:He was charged with an important task. (他擔(dān)負(fù)有一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:
例6:At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7:You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to:增添。指增添喜悅、悲傷、麻煩等。例如:
例8:His coming added to our trouble. (他的到來(lái)給我們添了麻煩。)
add up:加起來(lái)。例如:
例9:Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to:總計(jì)。表示加起來(lái)的結(jié)果,無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
例10:All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise:建議,勸說(shuō)。例如:
例11:I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12:I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest,虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
例13:I advised him to give up smoking.
例14:I advised him not to smoke.
例15:Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16:Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest:建議,表明,暗示。例如:
例17:We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18:We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise,虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
例19:His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那蒼白的臉色表明他身體欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with:同意,贊成(后接“人”或what從句作賓語(yǔ));適合,適應(yīng);一致。例如:
例20:I don’t quite agree with you.
例21:Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22:The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (這里的天氣我們多數(shù)人不適應(yīng)。)
例23:Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to:同意,贊成。指一方同意另一方的意見(jiàn)、建議、觀點(diǎn)、想法等。例如:
例24:John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on:對(duì)……達(dá)成共識(shí)。指雙方或多方對(duì)某事取得一致意見(jiàn)。例如:
例25:Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow:允許,許可。指聽(tīng)任或默許,也可用來(lái)表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。例如:
例26:Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27:Smoking is not allowed here.
例28:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit:允許,許可。通常指正式的許可。例如:
例29:He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含義雖然有所差別,但實(shí)際運(yùn)用中兩者常通用。
let:允許,讓。其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)應(yīng)是不帶to的不定式。一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:
例30:Don’t let this happen again.
例31:This is not allowed to happen again. (不說(shuō):This is not let to happen again.)
promise:答應(yīng),允諾。用于主動(dòng)答應(yīng)自己要做什么的場(chǎng)合。例如:
例32:They promised an immediate reply.
例33:He promised to start at once.
例34:I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答應(yīng)他馬上處理這件事。不定式to see to 是主語(yǔ)I發(fā)出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公開(kāi)或正式宣布人們關(guān)心的某件事情。例如:
例35:The government announced that the danger was past.
例36:It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外,要表達(dá)“向某人宣布某事”,應(yīng)用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的動(dòng)詞還有say,explain等。例如:
例37:He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我們宣布了這個(gè)消息,然后對(duì)我們說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在讓我詳細(xì)給你們解釋吧。”)
declare:宣布,聲明。指以正式的話語(yǔ)公開(kāi)宣布某件事。例如:
例38:The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展覽會(huì)開(kāi)幕。)
7.answer / reply
answer:回答,回應(yīng)。例如:
例39:“Tom!” No one answered.
例40:Please answer the door-bell. (請(qǐng)去開(kāi)門(mén)。)
例41:He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42:No one was able to answer him a word.
reply:回答,答復(fù)。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后需接to再接賓語(yǔ);作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后直接接that從句或what從句,或用于倒裝句。例如:
例43:He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44:He replied that he would not go.
例45:Not a word did she reply.(她一句話也不應(yīng)。)
answer當(dāng)名詞用時(shí),與reply一樣,要接to。例如:
例46:He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear:顯得,好像。有時(shí)含有表面上顯得,而事實(shí)未必的意味。例如:
例47:This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(這種蘋(píng)果看起來(lái)好,實(shí)際吃起來(lái)酸。)
seem:好像。暗示判斷有一定根據(jù),往往接近事實(shí)。例如:
例48:You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你這次似乎又犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。)
例49:It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look:好像。表示憑感覺(jué)作出的判斷。例如:
例50:What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51:It looks like rain. (看來(lái)要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue:辯論,爭(zhēng)論。指提出理由或論據(jù)以支持或反駁某種意見(jiàn)或主張,著重說(shuō)理。如:
例52:What are you arguing about?
例53:I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel:爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)吵,吵架。例如:
例54:It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (為那件事同你老板爭(zhēng)吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive,reach和get都有“到達(dá)”的意思。arrive通常與介詞at或in連用,它和reach是比較正式的用語(yǔ);reach是及物動(dòng)詞;get通常與介詞to連用,在口語(yǔ)中常用。arrive和get后接副詞(如here, there, home等)時(shí),不用介詞。reach和arrive at還有“達(dá)成(協(xié)議),作出(決定)”的意思。例如:
例55:When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56:At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57:The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58:At what time did you get to the post office?
例59:The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(幾個(gè)小時(shí)的討論后,雙方還是沒(méi)能達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)。)
11.ask / inquire / question
ask:?jiǎn)?ask sb sth或ask sth of sb);請(qǐng)求(ask sb to do sth);要,索取(ask for sth)。例如:
例60:May I ask you some questions?
例61:Why did he ask you to come again?
例62:Did he ask for anything?
inquire:?jiǎn)枺儐?wèn)。它與ask同義,但是比較正式的用語(yǔ);與into連用時(shí),表示“查究,調(diào)查”的意思。例如:
例63:I have inquired of him whether he could help me. (我已經(jīng)問(wèn)過(guò)他能否幫我。)
例64:We must inquire into the matter. (=look into,我們必須調(diào)查此事。)
question:提問(wèn),質(zhì)問(wèn),審問(wèn),懷疑。例如:
例65:At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
例66:I question whether he was once questioned by the police.
(我懷疑他是否曾被警方審問(wèn)過(guò)。)
12.be about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do:即將,正要做……不加任何時(shí)間短語(yǔ)。例如:
例67:We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
be to do:計(jì)劃,約定;應(yīng)該。例如:
例68:We are to start tomorrow.
例69:What is to be done next?(下一步做什么?)
13.be careful of / be careful with
be careful of:小心,當(dāng)心,留神,注意。例如:
例70:The public were warned to be careful of rats. (公眾被警告要當(dāng)心老鼠。)
be careful with:細(xì)心,注意。指細(xì)心地處理或?qū)Ω赌橙嘶蚰呈?。例如?/p>
例71:You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. (你得注意你的工作/發(fā)音。)
14.be familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with:對(duì)……熟悉。例如:
例72:Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
例73:John was very familiar with this kind of situation.
be familiar to:對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的;為……所熟知。例如:
例74:The pop star is familiar to most of us.
例75:This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)
15.be known for / be known as / be known to
be known for:因……而出名。例如:
例76:Our town is known for its stones.
be known as:作為……而出名。例如:
例77:The town is known as a stone town.
be known to:被……知曉,了解。例如:
例78:The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
16.be made of ( from / out of ) / be made into / be made up / be made up of
be made of:由……制成。用于由產(chǎn)品可以看出原材料。例如:
例79:The desk is made of wood.
be made from:由……制成。用于由產(chǎn)品看不出原材料。例如:
例80:Paper is made from wood.
be made out of:由……制成。例如:
例81:The desk / Paper is made out of wood.
be made into:制成……例如:
例82:Wood can be made into desks / paper.
be made up:由……編成。例如:
例83:Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up. (別信他的,整個(gè)過(guò)程都是捏造的。)
be made up of (=consist of):由……組成。例如:
例84:This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.
17.be tired of / be tired from / be tired out
be / get tired of:對(duì)……厭倦。例如:
例85:I am really tired of your words! (你的話我聽(tīng)膩了!)
be tired from:因……疲倦。例如:
例86:I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. (我爬山太累了,所以頭一碰枕頭/一躺下就睡著了。)
be tired out:筋疲力盡。相當(dāng)于be worn out。例如:
例87:We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain.
18.believe / believe in / depend on
believe:相信(指信某人的言語(yǔ));認(rèn)為(相當(dāng)于be sure)。例如:
例88:Don’t believe him; he’s lying. (別聽(tīng)他的,他在說(shuō)謊。)
例89:I believe they’ll succeed in the end.
believe in:信任(指勝任某人);信仰(指信仰真理、主張、宗教等)。例如:
例90:Don’t believe in him; he’s always lying. (不可信任他,他老說(shuō)謊。)
例91:I believe what she said, but I don’t believe in her. (我相信她所說(shuō)的,但我不信任她。)
例92:We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.
(我們得工作,最重要的是我們得信任自己。)
例93:Most of them believe in God.
depend on:信任(相當(dāng)于believe in或trust);依靠(相當(dāng)于live on);取決于。例如:
例94:He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. (他是個(gè)可信任的人。)
例95:Do you still depend on / live on your parents? (你還靠父母嗎?)
例96:Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. (一切取決于明天的天氣。)
19.borrow / lend
borrow:借,借用。指借入,不帶雙賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu):borrow sth from sb。例如:
例97:Can I borrow your pen?
例98:He borrows money from me frequently.
lend:把……借給。指借出,可帶雙賓。結(jié)構(gòu):lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。例如:
例99:Could you lend me your pen?
例100:Will you lend your bike to me?
20.bring / take / fetch / get / carry
bring:帶來(lái)。例如:
例101:Bring the book here tomorrow.
take:拿走。例如:
例102:Don’t take the magazines out of the reading-room.
fetch:去拿來(lái)。例如:
例103:Go downstairs and fetch me some water.
get:去拿來(lái)。與fetch同義,但較口語(yǔ)化。例如:
例104:She got him a good doctor. (她為他請(qǐng)來(lái)了一位好醫(yī)生。)
carry:攜帶。指隨身攜帶,如捧、抱、扛、運(yùn)等。例如:
例105:He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.
例106:He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.
(他出門(mén)時(shí)經(jīng)常帶著一本袖珍詞典。)
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