初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的掌握是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的重要步驟。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家收集整理初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí),相信這些文字對(duì)你會(huì)有所幫助的。
初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)(一)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)直接而有力,多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),可以使文章充滿(mǎn)朝氣,呈現(xiàn)活力。在下列兩組句子中, (b)比(a)有力:
(1)a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.
b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.
(2)a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.
b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.
雖然如此,在某些情況下,非用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可。前此已提過(guò)這事,這里不再重述。這里只有指出其中一點(diǎn),就是有些動(dòng)詞,如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等,通常以被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。
例如:
(1)This survey was based on facts.
(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.
(3)You are expected to come on time.
(4)All are supposed to work hard.
除了上述這些動(dòng)詞之外,還有十種,幾乎都以被動(dòng)式出現(xiàn)。
(一)有關(guān)“疾病”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(1)Helen's left lung is infected.
(2)He is confined to the house by illness.
(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.
(二)有關(guān)“疲乏”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(4)I am completely exhausted after the game.
(5)Tom was done up after the race.
(三)有關(guān)“喜樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.
(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.
(8)I am very pleased to see you here.
(四)有關(guān)“延遲”或“障礙”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.
(10)The road was blocked by ice.
(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.
(五)有關(guān)“慣性動(dòng)作”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.
(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.
(六)有關(guān)“煩惱”或“焦急”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(14)Who was upset by John?
(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.
(七)有關(guān)“驚奇”或“震驚”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(16)I was surprised to see him here.
(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.
(八)有關(guān)“包圍”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(18)The troops were surrounded.
(19)Troy was besieged.
(九)有關(guān)“沾污”或“污化”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.
(21)The water was contaminated with oil.
(十)有關(guān)“害怕”或“混亂”的動(dòng)詞,如:
(22)All were frightened out of their wits.
(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.
要注意的一點(diǎn)是,上面這十類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有些已漸漸失去了動(dòng)詞力量,轉(zhuǎn)化為慣用語(yǔ)。
初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)(二)
連接詞及其用法
從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō),英語(yǔ)連接詞分兩大類(lèi):并列連詞(coordinating conjunctions)和從屬連詞(subordinating conjunctions)。
并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。例如:(1)Air and water are indispensable to me.
(2)She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.
(3)Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.
從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句,形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。例如:
(4)He said that he did not want to go .
(5)Many things have happened since I last saw him.
(6)You may come if you want to.
上述連詞的用法,看起來(lái)不難,但錯(cuò)誤也難免。下面是些好例子:
(1)This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.
這里的“as well as”和“both”不能搭配,應(yīng)該將“as well ”改為“and”,使“both……and……”變成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞( correlative conjunction)
(2)He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.
這里的“not only”應(yīng)該移到“speaks”后面,使這個(gè)動(dòng)詞兼顧兩個(gè)等立賓語(yǔ):“Mandarin”和“English”。
(3)Although he is fat, but he is very weak.
英語(yǔ)里的“although”和“but”是不見(jiàn)面的 ,因此這句里的“ but”要去掉,不然“although”就要出來(lái)。
(4)Jim is not so strong like you.
這里的“not so”必須和“as”連成一體;介詞“like”是不適宜的。
(5)No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.
"No sooner"必須和"than" 配成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞,把"than" 省掉是不對(duì)的,應(yīng)該補(bǔ)上:
No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.
這句子的意思也可透過(guò)“as soon as”反映出來(lái):
“As soon as we reached our destination, they left.”
(6)I took a taxi and which took me to the station.
這里的并列連詞“and”是多余的,必須去掉。如果要保留“and ”也可,但是形容詞分句里的關(guān)系代詞“Which”要改成主語(yǔ)“it” ,使整個(gè)句子變成并列分句如下:
I took a taxi and it took me to the station.
(7)My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.
這里的“and”應(yīng)該用來(lái)連接最后兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)才對(duì):
My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.
不然,就要把“said”改成“saying”。
My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.