初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

　　掌握好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。

　　初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：定冠詞the的運(yùn)用

　　“If you have the intention to sell your flat. Please don't hesitate to call us, we'll offer you hightest selling price.”

　　第一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是句型形式“have the intention to sell”的錯(cuò)誤;正確的形式是：intend to sell 或 have the intention of selling.

　　另外兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)有關(guān)。一個(gè)是在副詞分句后面不該用句點(diǎn)而用;另一個(gè)是應(yīng)該用句點(diǎn)的地方而不用。

　　“If……flat”是條件副詞分句，不可獨(dú)立生存，必須依賴后頭的主句“please……us”，才可以成為完整的復(fù)雜句(complex sentence)。這樣一來(lái)，主句前面的句點(diǎn)，就要改成逗號(hào)(，)了。

　　另外一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是兩個(gè)主句之間既沒(méi)有句點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有連接詞，而只有逗號(hào);這種錯(cuò)誤叫 run-on sentence：

　　“……， please don't hesitate to call us, we……”

　　這個(gè)句子里的逗號(hào)(，)要改為句點(diǎn)(。)才對(duì)：

　　“……Please don't hesitate to call us. We……”

　　不用句點(diǎn)也可以，但要用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，如：

　　“……，please don't hesitate to call us, as we'll offer you……”

　　談了3 個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，現(xiàn)在來(lái)談最后一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，就是定冠詞( definite article)的消失：

　　“We'll offer you highest selling price.”

　　習(xí)慣上，最高級(jí)形容詞(the superlative degree of adjectives)前面要用定冠詞 the.因此，這句話要改為：

　　“We'll offer you the highest selling price.”

　　必須使用定冠詞的例子

　　接下來(lái)，順便把其他必須用定冠詞的場(chǎng)合列下，作為參考。

　　一、表示世上唯一的事物，如：

　?、賢he sun; the earth; the sky; the North Pole

　　二、當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞被再次提起時(shí)，如：

　?、贏 car knocked against a tree. We can still see the mark on the tree made by the car.

　　三、當(dāng)名詞后面有個(gè)修飾作用的短語(yǔ)或分句時(shí)，如：

　?、跿he girl in red is my sister.

　?、躎he thief who stole your wallet yesterday was arrested.

　　四、加在某些形容詞前面，以表示某類人或事，如：

　?、軹he rich often get richer and the poor, poorer.

　　⑥The doctor lost no time in giving help to the injured.

　?、逥on't expect the impossible.

　　加在某些山川、河流、島嶼、國(guó)家名稱之前，如：

　?、鄑he Alps; the Thames; the British Isles; the Philippines; the Atlantic Ocean.

　　初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用

　　英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(person)、數(shù)目(number)、性別( gender)和格(case)這些方面和主語(yǔ)取得一致或互相呼應(yīng)。

　　在學(xué)生的英文作文中，動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)上的錯(cuò)誤，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。

　　下面這句話來(lái)自一個(gè)重要的公共部門的通告，里面也出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不一致的錯(cuò)誤：

　　ABC corporation, with its five main subsidiary companies, have taken over the operations of the previous electricity and gas departments of XXX with effect from 1 october 1995.

　　這里的主語(yǔ)是“ABC corporation”，它是單數(shù)的，動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該是單數(shù)的 has，不是復(fù)數(shù)的 have，因此犯了動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不對(duì)應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。

　　既然這是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，我們便要特別留意，并且記住下面這些指導(dǎo)原則：

　　·動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)目上要一致，如：

　?、?I am a writer.

　?、?Helen is an editor.

　　③ They have a good future.

　?、?Dr Chen teaches us English.

　?、?Some old houses were burnt to the ground.

　?、?A deserted hut has already been demolished.

　　·兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)主語(yǔ)由連接詞“and”貫串起來(lái)時(shí)，便成了復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也要復(fù)數(shù)，如：

　?、?David and Jason are colleagues.

　?、郥he driver and the passenger were involved in a quarrel.

　　·兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由“with”或“as well as ”等連接時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要和第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱及數(shù)目呼應(yīng)，如：

　　⑨ A woman with her puppies is walking along the lake.

　?、?The monitor as well as the other students has been scolded.

　　·兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由“either……or”或“neither……nor”連接時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要和第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱及數(shù)目呼應(yīng)，如：

　　11. Either you or your friend is wrong.

　　12. Neither John nor his classmates have said it.

　　·集合名詞(collective noun)當(dāng)整體看待時(shí)，動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)。

　　13. The steering committee is made up of five members.

　　14. The jury has made its final decision.

　　有時(shí)可以個(gè)別看待集合名詞里的成員，這時(shí)這些成員合起來(lái)便變成復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù)了，如：

　　15. The committee have met once and they will meet again next month.

　　16. Despite hours of deliberations, the jury were still divided in their opinions.

　　初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：不定冠詞a/an的用法

　　不定冠詞最基本的用途就是用來(lái)表示“一”這概念，如：

　?、?A stitch in time saves nine.

　　② Jason is an internationally known scholar.

　　此外，a/an 還有下列6種用途：

　　一、常和time、measurement等有關(guān)的名詞連用，以表示“每—” 的概念，如：

　?、?I teach five days a week.

　　④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.

　?、?My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.

　　二、常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及數(shù)目及數(shù)量連用，如：

　?、?That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.

　?、?Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.

　　⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.

　?、?Mary has a lot of money.

　　三、在“of / at”后面出現(xiàn)，以表示“同一類”這概念，如：

　　⑩Birds of a feather flock together.

　　11. Please come one at a time.

　　12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.

　　四、常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出現(xiàn)，形成固定用法，如：

　　13. Tom is rather a fool.

　　14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.

　　15. Many a student has asked that question.

　　16. The visitor left half an hour ago.

　　17. What a fine day it is!

　　18. How can you say such a thing?

　　五、用在“so, as, too, how +形容詞”這些結(jié)構(gòu)里，如：

　　19. We have not had so hot a day before.

　　20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.

　　21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.

　　22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.

　　六、出現(xiàn)在許多慣用語(yǔ)中，如：

　　23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.

　　24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.

　　25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.

　　26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.

　　27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.

　　28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue.