初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)，是一個(gè)讓人頭疼的問題。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法的知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。
初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞形態(tài)不對(duì)應(yīng)
如果同一句中應(yīng)該等立的成分不對(duì)應(yīng)，不但效益不好，而且也是一種句法上的缺陷。
下面兩則廣告中的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞形態(tài)就和前面的不對(duì)應(yīng)，因此屬于一種字形上的錯(cuò)誤：
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
?、?You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句里的“having”應(yīng)改為“have”才對(duì)。不然，就要把這個(gè)分句完全寫出來：
“…… or if you have any queries, ……”
第二句里的“and”是銜接前面的動(dòng)名詞“interviewing and shortlisting”和后面的動(dòng)名詞“assisting”。顯然，這里不用動(dòng)名詞而用不定式動(dòng)詞“to assist”，也是犯了動(dòng)詞形式不對(duì)應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤，非改正不可。
還有，根據(jù)字詞的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合邏輯。
①和②這類的錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)普遍。雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)影響人們對(duì)文章的理解，但是總不是件文字上的好事，還是多多注意，盡量避免好。
同樣的，下列5個(gè)從學(xué)生作業(yè)中找出來的句子，也犯了同樣的毛?。?/p>
?、?This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
?、?Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
?、?They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
?、?It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
?、?This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
?、鄣舰呔渥永锏膭?dòng)詞形態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤是明顯的，改正也是容易的，即：
?、?allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系
不是所有的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the active voice)都可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)橛行┘拔飫?dòng)詞(the transitive verb)是不適合以被動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)的。
下列句子可以證明：
?、?I have a Japanese car.
② The auditorium holds 3000 people.
?、?This coat does not fit you.
?、?Jane resembles her mother.
⑤ Tom jumped the queue.
?、?I wish you would mind your business.
?、?Such an idea has just crossed my mind.
此外，有些及物動(dòng)詞雖以主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)出現(xiàn)，卻具有被動(dòng)含義，故不宜再轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其實(shí)，也不能變，因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)詞后面沒有賓語(yǔ)。例如：
⑧ This new knife cuts well.
?、?Nylon shirts wash easily.
⑩ Jason's books sell quickly.
11. This type of ball pens writes in two colours.
12. The note reads as follows : "……"
另有些動(dòng)詞，雖有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但卻常以被動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)，以便更加符合動(dòng)詞慣用法。例如：
13. The train is scheduled to leave at 8pm.
14. All are supposed to come to the meeting on time.
15. The case was reported to the police.
13到15的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為下，但卻少見：
*The railway officer schedules the train to leave at 8pm.
*The director supposes all to come to the meeting on time.
*Someone reported the case to the police.
最后還有一種情形，就是相當(dāng)多動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在“be + 過去分詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)里?？瓷先?，它們像是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);實(shí)際上，并沒有被動(dòng)的含義。更有趣的是，這些“be”后頭的過去分詞(the past participle )已經(jīng)漸漸轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，充當(dāng)“be”和其他接擊動(dòng)詞(linking verbs)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(the complement);因此不能和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一談。下面是 8 個(gè)常見的例子：
16. Many undergraduates here are interested in business administration courses.
17. We were surprised at the unexpected news.
18. Most successful people are distinguished for their courage and diligence.
19. David was very pleased with my work.
20. One can be tired of doing anything some of the time.
21. We are quite concerned about our friend's predicament.
22. Joelle is overwhelmed with joy.
23. Are you acquainted with that field of study?
初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句
He said I was hard-working.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
?、圪e語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
?、軇?dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做)
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對(duì)某人來說]……(加形容詞)
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的細(xì)節(jié)部分。)
You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至于不懂的單詞，你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)
初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大家要認(rèn)真對(duì)待哦，看完以上為大家整理的資料之后是不是意猶未盡呢？學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家進(jìn)一步推薦了初二其他的視頻學(xué)習(xí)課程，各科逐一攻破?。c(diǎn)擊圖片直接進(jìn)入體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)哦?。。。?/span>
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