高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
真正的知識(shí)分子該有一副傲骨，不善趨炎附勢(shì)。這使他們當(dāng)中絕大多數(shù)顯得個(gè)色，總是鶴立雞群，混不進(jìn)人堆里。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語的語法知識(shí)，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型
1.常見句式是：主語(受動(dòng)者)+be+過去分詞+(by+施動(dòng)者)
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主語+get+過去分詞+其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by+施動(dòng)者”
3.帶有雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。
例如：?She lent me a bike.
被動(dòng)：1)I was lent a bike(by her). 2)A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語+被動(dòng)式謂語+不定式的被動(dòng)式+其它成分
例如;These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況
1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式+形容詞。常見動(dòng)look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.
注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。
三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：
1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語。
2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語。
3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart, make a face, keep silence, lose in thought這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。
2.主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：
I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.
3.在以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。
3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。
例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。
4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。
例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：
1)用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room. It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏leaned與現(xiàn)狀無關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^去時(shí)不可突然跳到It’s…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)
2)漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.(我看過那部電影了。)但是如果是在特定的過去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影?我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday.
4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.
——She knows a lot about Shanghai.-She has been there.
5.短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞)，join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。”可采用1)“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2)“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3)“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.
四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或今后還要繼續(xù)一去)的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
五、一般過去時(shí)
表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。
六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示)。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left.
3.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示過去將來動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.
七、過去完成時(shí)
1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do (側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事)
2.be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)
3.be doing (按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用)
4.be about to do (按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)
九、將來完成時(shí)
用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻(前)將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when, before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 簡單句
句型：主語+謂語
只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子的各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都只由單詞或短語表示。
2. 并列句
句型： 簡單句+并列連詞(或連接副詞)+簡單句
由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。
1、聯(lián)合關(guān)系：
常用的連詞有and, not only…but(also), neither…nor等。
Eg. Tom doesn’t smoke, nor does his brother.
2、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
常用的連詞有but, yet, still, however, while(而，然而)，when(那時(shí)，然后)等。
Eg. He got up very early, (and) yet he failed to catch the morning train.
We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.
She is tired, (but) still she will make another test.
yet 和still是連接副詞，又叫半連接句。
however(然而，不過，但是)意義接近yet,可放在句首、句末或插入句子中間。
3、選擇關(guān)系：
常用的連詞有or(或者，還是，否則)，otherwise, or else, either…or等。
Eg. Hurry up, or we’ll be late for school.
4、因果關(guān)系
連詞有：for, so, thus, therefore, and so 等。
Eg. He studied hard, thus he succeeded in passing the exam.
The Frenchman coughed loudly, so he decided to go and get some medicine for it.
for 表示附加或推斷的理由、原因。 Therefore較so更正式，and so 較口語化。
高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
復(fù)合句
1、學(xué)生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。
例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)
關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于連接或關(guān)系代詞that：有意義的是定語， 無意義的是同位。因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用。
2、接著容易混淆的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that與 which：that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(shù)(詞)、(形容詞)最高級(jí)：which之前是介詞短語與逗號(hào)(非限制性)。
例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen，which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外，還可以作形式主語。而真正的主語(不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后。
例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少數(shù)表語之后接動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語。這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費(fèi)時(shí)(a waste of time)、又危險(xiǎn)(a danger)。
例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It還可以作形式賓語。通常下列動(dòng)詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find，feel,think,take,consider，judge, make)。
例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語)，可以把it當(dāng)作先行詞。這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意與定語從句的區(qū)別。
例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式里，我們把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)…that除去，句子還很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
句子的成分
1. 主語—主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。
注意：不定式作主語時(shí)，常用形式主語it句型。
2. 謂語—說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么樣”。
謂語(謂語部分里主要的詞)必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。
3. 表語—表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。
注意區(qū)別：My job is teaching.(teaching 為表語) 與 I am teaching now.(am teaching 為謂語)
4. 賓語—賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么，在謂語之后。
5. 狀語—狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。
6. 定語—定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔(dān)任定語。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的，而名詞和代詞又可以作主語，還可以作表語和賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。
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高中英語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
