初二下學(xué)期英語知識點總結(jié)
真正的知識分子該有一副傲骨，不善趨炎附勢。這使他們當(dāng)中絕大多數(shù)顯得個色，總是鶴立雞群，混不進(jìn)人堆里。下面小編給大家分享一些初二下學(xué)期英語知識點，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
初二下學(xué)期英語知識點1
1. 短語動詞小結(jié)
常見動詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：
(1)動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄;turn off 關(guān)掉;stay up 熬夜
這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時相當(dāng)于及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動
詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放
在短語動詞后。
(2)動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽;look at 看;belong to 屬于
這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動詞，后面跟賓語。
(3)動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出; run out of 用完，耗盡
(4)動詞+名詞+介詞 如：take part in參加;catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每個，各自的，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的個別情況，常與of 連用
every 每個，每一個的，一切的，有“全體”的意思不能與of 連用
3. help sb. (to) do 幫助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 幫助做某事 help study
4. spend...doing... 花費…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的時間去參觀北京。
spend… on sth. 花費…在… I spent 3 years on English.
5. join 參加 (指參加團(tuán)體、組織) 如：join the Party 入黨
take part in 參加 (指參加活動) 如：take part in sports meeting 參加運動會
6. run out 與 run out of
(1)run out (become used up). 其主語往往為物。如時間，食物，金錢，油等，本身就含有被動意義。
His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花光了。
Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時間不多了。
(2)run out of 主語為人，表示主動含義。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢花完了。
兩者在一定條件下可以互換
如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.
Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時間不多了。= We are running out of time.
7. work out
(1)結(jié)局，結(jié)果為
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的這個策略效果很好。
(2)算出，制訂出，消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制訂了一個計劃。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費用。
8. hang out 閑蕩 閑逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購物中心閑蕩。
9. be able to do 能，會
be unable to do 不能，不會
10. for sure 確實如此，毫無疑問
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你沒有錢，這是毫無疑問的。
11. fill… with… 使…充滿… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填滿碗。
12. hand out 分發(fā) hand out bananas
give out 分發(fā) give out sth to sb. 分….給某人
give up doing 放棄… give up smoking 放棄吸煙
give away 贈送 捐贈 give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 給某人某東西 give me money 給我錢
give sth. to sb. 給某人某東西 give money to me 給我線
13. help sb. out 幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問題，請你幫我解決。
14. train n. 火車 v. 訓(xùn)練
train sb. to do. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。
15. at once == right away 立刻 馬上 如：
Do it at once. 馬上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我馬上去那里。
16. one day 有一天 (指將來/過去)
some day 有一天(指將來) 如：
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我將去北京。
初二下學(xué)期英語知識點2
1. arrive at 到達(dá)(小地方)
arrive in到達(dá)(大地方)
reach 到達(dá)
get to 到達(dá)
I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .
= I got to Beijing last night .
如果賓語是副詞here, there, home, 要把a(bǔ)t/in/to省略。
arrive here/there/home
get here/there/home
2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一范圍外的前面)
in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范圍內(nèi)的前面)
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大樹。
I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜歡坐在出租車的前排位置。
3. take off
(1)起飛
When did the plane take off yesterday? 飛機(jī)什么時候起飛?
(2)脫下(衣帽等)
He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一進(jìn)房間就脫掉了外套。
(3)取消
They will take off the 5 am train . 他們?nèi)∠嗽缟?點的火車。
4. get out (of ) … 從……離開/出去/下來
A car stopped and a girl got out of it.
但從汽車/火車/船/飛機(jī)/馬匹上下來, 用get off…
5. follow
(1)跟隨 I followed him up he hill. 我跟著他上了山.
(2)沿著……前進(jìn) Follow this road until you get to the post office. 順著這條路一直到郵局.
(3)聽懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能說慢點嗎?我聽不懂。
(4)follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story. 請跟我讀這個故事。
6. shout at 大聲喊叫，多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要對他大叫，他還太小。
shout to 大聲喊叫，多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我們應(yīng)該朝他叫喊，否則他聽不到我們的聲音。
7. happen 發(fā)生，具體事件偶然的沒有預(yù)見的發(fā)生
(1)happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公園碰巧遇見我的一個老朋友。
(2)sth happens to sb. 某人發(fā)生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month. 上個月他發(fā)生了交通事故.
take place 發(fā)生
(1)按計劃進(jìn)行或按計劃發(fā)生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近幾年中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化.
(2)(運動/ 活動/會議等) 舉行
The meeting will take place next Friday. 運動會將于下星期五舉行。
take the place of 代替, 取代
Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有時能代替木材和金屬.
take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的職務(wù)
Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 來做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗戶。
8. anywhere 任何地方，常用于否定句或疑問句中.
Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天還去了別的地方了嗎?
somewhere 某個地方，用于肯定句。
come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. 來我家找我，然后我們出去逛逛。
everywhere 處處, 到處 = here and there
I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 盡管我到處都找過了，還是找不到我的鋼筆。
11. silence 名詞, 寂靜/無聲
There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋內(nèi)寂靜無聲。
Keep in silence. 保持沉默.
silent 形容詞, 沉默的, 寂靜的
The old house was quite silent. 這所老房子寂靜無聲。
The cat moved on silent feet. 那只貓無聲地走動著。
12. hear 聽到
Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你聽到有人敲門了嗎?
(1)hear of 聽說 , 后接表示人或物的詞
I have never heard of him before. 我以前從來沒有聽說過他。
( 2 ) hear about 聽說, 后接表示事件的名詞
I’ve just heard about his illness. 我剛剛聽說他生病的事。
Have you heard about the accident ? 你聽說了那場事故嗎?
(3)hear from 收到某人的來信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來信。
13. 主語 + be + one of the + 形容詞最高級 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + in / of 短語。
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 這是美國歷史上最重要的事件之一。
Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 廈門是中國最漂亮的城市之一。
13. experience
(1)名詞經(jīng)驗, 不可數(shù)名詞 ; 經(jīng)歷, 體驗, 可數(shù)名詞
Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有釣魚的經(jīng)驗嗎?
Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能給我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷嗎?
(2)動詞 經(jīng)歷, 感覺
The children experienced many difficulties this time. 這次孩子們經(jīng)歷了許多困難.
experienced 形容詞 有經(jīng)驗的
be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有經(jīng)驗.
She is an experienced teacher. 他是一個經(jīng)驗豐富的教師。
He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修車很有經(jīng)驗。
14. as … as … 和…… 一樣… 兩個as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形。
He works as carefully as she. 他和她一樣工作認(rèn)真。
She is as tall as her mother. 她和母親一樣高。
not as… as… 不如某人/某物…
He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起來那么老。
She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派對上玩的開心嗎?
= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
= Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 開心做某事
I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正開心的彈吉他呢。
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇
He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故
Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
by accident 偶然, 意外地
We met at the airport by accident . 我們偶然在機(jī)場遇見。
18. think about 考慮 (某個計劃 )
They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他們考慮搬去北京。
think of 認(rèn)為 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?
think over 仔細(xì)思考
We need a few days to think over this matter. 我們需要幾天時間來考慮這個事情。
19. 感嘆句
what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
(1)What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
(2)What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聰明的男孩呀 !
(3)What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的圖片呀 !
(4)What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的樓呀 !
(5)What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
(6)What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么壞的天氣呀 !
規(guī)律：what + ( a/an ) + 形容詞 + 名詞 ( + 主語 + 謂語) + !
名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時, 形容詞前面不能有a/an。
how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
(7)How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
(8)How careful the girl is! 多么細(xì)心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano! 她的鋼琴彈得多好呀!
20. 過去進(jìn)行時
過去進(jìn)行時的用法
(1)過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8點半你正在做什么?
When I called him, he was having dinner. 當(dāng)我打電話給他時，他正在吃飯。
(2)過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7點到9點在做什么?
I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整個早上都在看書。
過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成
(1)肯定句：主語 + was / were +動詞ing形式 + 時間狀語。
(2)否定句：主語 + was / were + not + 動詞ing形式 + 時間狀語。
(3)疑問句：was / were + 主語 + 動詞ing形式 + 時間狀語 ?
肯定回答：Yes , 主語 + was / were .
否定回答：No, 主語 + was / were + not .
初二下學(xué)期英語知識點3
1. It’s +形容詞 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事對某人來說是…的。
It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡飲食對我來說是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案對我們來說是容易的
2. 情態(tài)動詞should的用法
should是情態(tài)動詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。意為"應(yīng)該......"。
should(應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該)用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。
eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厲害。
---You should lie down and have a rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。
3. maybe與may be
(1)maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也許他能回答那個問題。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。
(2)may be中的may為情態(tài)動詞，譯為“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我們的英語老師。
4. few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：
(1)few / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有;a few表示肯定意義， 有幾個。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 籃子里有幾個雞蛋。
(2)little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有; a little 表示肯定意義，有一點兒。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點兒墨水嗎?
5. not…until 直到…(否定句) 才......，動詞為短暫性或瞬間性動詞。
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
...until/till 直到......(肯定句)動詞為延續(xù)性動詞
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
初二下學(xué)期英語知識點4
1. get
( 1 ) 買
get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 為某人買某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到，到達(dá)
Where did you get the book?
When did you get the letter?
He got home late last night.
(3)使，讓，get + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ) 使某人/某物怎么樣
Please get you coat clean.
Get your mouth closed.
get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday.
(4)( 逐漸) 變得…...
The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about/ what about 后跟名詞/代詞/動詞ing形式。
(1)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請求
How about going out for a walk?
How about something to eat?
(2)向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖娀蚩捶?/p>
How about the TV play ?
How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 詢問天氣或身體情況
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 談話中承接上下文
I’m forty years old. How about you?
I’m from Beijing. How about you?
3. receive 收到
The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受
He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.
She was very glad to receive the invitation.
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6-year-old child 一個六歲的孩子
6-year-old 是由“數(shù)詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，作前置定語，修飾后面的名詞child。
“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：
a five-year-old girl 一個五歲的女孩
a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長的尺子
a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房
a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本兩英寸厚的詞典
5. too...to… 太……而不能 ……
too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動詞原形, 構(gòu)成不定式，句子的主語與動詞不定的主語不一時, 可以在動詞不定式前加邏輯主語for sb。
He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊) . 他年紀(jì)太小，不能去參軍。
The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 這道數(shù)學(xué)題對我來說太難了，做不出。
too...to…可以與enough to和so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換.
She is too young to do the work .
= She isn’t old enough to do the work .
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. pay , spend , cost , take 的區(qū)別
(1)pay 花費 ( 多少錢 ) , 主語是人。 sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上個星期花了5000買電腦。
(2)spend 花費 ( 多少錢或時間 )，主語是人。
sb. spend some money on sth.
sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2個小時做作業(yè)。
(3)cost 花費 ( 多少錢 ) , 主語是物。
sth. cost sb. some money.
This jacket cost him 200 dollars. 這件夾克衫花費她200美元。
(4)take 花費 (時間 )，主語形式主語為It.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花費某人多少時間做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth? 花費某人多少時間做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework. 劉紅花了2個小時做作業(yè)。
7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
(1)sleep 動詞, 睡覺, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。
I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累，想睡覺。
(2)sleeping, sleep 的現(xiàn)在分詞, 表示“ 正在睡覺”。
Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要這么吵，寶寶在睡覺。
(3)sleepy 想睡覺的, 困倦的。
I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有點困了，我想去床上睡覺了。
(4)asleep 睡著了的。
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆上課睡覺，放學(xué)后就把他留了下來。
(5)fall asleep 強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程, 不能接一段時間。
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡著。
(6)be asleep 表示睡著后的狀態(tài) , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時間。
He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3個小時。
8. open
( 1 ) 動詞, 打開 , 開業(yè), 開張, 展現(xiàn)
Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗戶打開嗎?
( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開著的, 開放的
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末，這個游泳池是對公眾開放的。
9. close 動詞, 關(guān)閉, 關(guān)上 , 合上
closed 形容詞, be closed 關(guān)著的, 關(guān)閉的
10. encourage 動詞, 鼓勵, 激勵
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.
家長們應(yīng)該要鼓勵孩子們自己動手做事情。
11. progress 名詞, “ 進(jìn)步, 進(jìn)展”
make progress “取得進(jìn)步, 取得進(jìn)展”
Tom is now making great progress at school. 湯姆現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校的進(jìn)步很大。
12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 對 ( 做 )某事感興趣
否定表達(dá)是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 對 ( 做 )某事不感興趣
Do you take an interest in English ? 你對英語感興趣嗎?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多數(shù)孩子對電腦游戲很感興趣。
13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我們交朋友嗎?
初二下學(xué)期英語知識點5
1. 關(guān)于 to 的短語總結(jié)
have to do sth. 不得不/必須做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
hate to do sth. 討厭做某事
like to do sth. 喜歡做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 熱愛做某事
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事
start to do sth. 開始做某事
begin to do sth. 開始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 請某人做某事
2. ---Could you please clean your room?
---Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
---Could I please use the car?
---Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示請求幫助或請求允許的疑問句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而 can 則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把 could 看作 can 的過去式。以上兩句中用 could 是為了表示禮貌的請求。表示請求幫助或請求允許時，除了 can, could 之外，還可以用 may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個概念。例：
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各種各樣：
如同意可以說 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，還可說 Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意，可以說 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說 No, you can't. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。
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