2019托福寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)-反問(wèn)句的使用方法
托福寫(xiě)作中，各種句式的熟練運(yùn)用，也可以輔助我們更好地來(lái)備考提升寫(xiě)作的質(zhì)量。今天我們重點(diǎn)來(lái)講解的是托福寫(xiě)作中反問(wèn)句的使用方法，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。
反問(wèn)句的使用方法
通過(guò)官方的評(píng)分細(xì)節(jié)，來(lái)說(shuō)明態(tài)度及其反問(wèn)句使用的意義。首先，我們看看官方對(duì)反問(wèn)句是什么的態(tài)度。”The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.“ 顯然我們可以了解到評(píng)卷人把反問(wèn)句看做加分點(diǎn)!
我們可以從上面官方給出來(lái)的點(diǎn)評(píng)得知，反問(wèn)句的使用確實(shí)可以加分。因?yàn)橥ǔ？忌鷷?huì)覺(jué)得反問(wèn)句很難加入寫(xiě)作中，尤其是對(duì)論述形式的寫(xiě)作。但我們可以從上面的信息了解到至少評(píng)卷人把上述段落中的反問(wèn)句視作一種“句型變化”而加以肯定和褒揚(yáng)。先來(lái)看在托福Official Guide里備受評(píng)卷人贊譽(yù)的反問(wèn)句的實(shí)例。
在原文第四段中，為了說(shuō)明honesty的重要性作者是這樣寫(xiě)的：
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there...
上文的表態(tài)的意思可以理解為提出問(wèn)題不需要回答，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題只是更加強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的立場(chǎng)。因此我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)考官對(duì)于反問(wèn)句的使用是非常認(rèn)同而且鼓勵(lì)的?？忌鷤円埠軗?dān)心自己寫(xiě)的反問(wèn)句是不是老外眼中的那種反問(wèn)句。
因此整理了一下國(guó)外關(guān)于反問(wèn)句的定義，如下：
A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.
通過(guò)上文對(duì)反問(wèn)句的定義，我們可以很明確告訴大家，反問(wèn)句就是這樣寫(xiě)的，不要在擔(dān)心。此外，也為大家分析一下反問(wèn)句為什么能夠收到評(píng)卷人的贊譽(yù)而得到加分?這就要從托福作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說(shuō)起了。
托福Official Guide里面對(duì)于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：
*Effectively addresses the topicand task
*Is well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details
*Display Unity, progression, and coherence
*Display consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity
我們可以從上述的高分作文要求得知，考生使用的反問(wèn)句完全是符合要求的，并且能夠幫助考生在句式結(jié)構(gòu)上也加分不少。其實(shí)，除了體現(xiàn)“句型變化”，合理使用rhetorical question還能幫助我們滿足評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第一條的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事實(shí)上，反問(wèn)句不僅能夠有效的回應(yīng)主題，還能強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn)從而獲得讀者的認(rèn)同。同時(shí)我們也能知道，反問(wèn)句的使用，尤其是設(shè)問(wèn)的合理使用還能起到很好的銜接作用，也就是符合上述條件的第三條。
因此，總結(jié)反問(wèn)句作用如下：
Emphasize a point 強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)
Persuade powerfully 說(shuō)服有利
Influence subtly 影響深遠(yuǎn)
Provoke thinking 激發(fā)思維
Help smooth transition 合理承接上下文
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