托?？荚囎鳛橐环N基本英語語言能力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試,一直是國內(nèi)外眾多著名高等院校招生部門和各類機(jī)構(gòu)人力資源部門選拔人才的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。托?？荚嚻渲幸豁椌褪菍懽髂芰Φ目己恕Ｏ旅婢褪菍W(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的17年9月17日托福寫作解析，希望對你有用!

　　17年9月17日托福寫作解析

　　Writing 1綜合

　　Nacza Lines為什么形成的三種理論：

　　1.用來記錄星象變化，因為有些圖案像天上的星星。

　　但教授反駁還有無數(shù)的圖案根本不能match到天上的星星，而且僅有的那些像的圖案也只是巧合而已。

　　2. 一種表達(dá)文化的藝術(shù)形式，因為很壯觀。

　　教授反駁說在高處看確實很壯觀，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能識別，所以不可能是人為創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品。

　　3. 是人們賽跑的軌道，因為有很多人的足跡。

　　教授反駁說這些足跡很復(fù)雜，還包含了動物的腳印，很難定位，而且不一定是用來賽跑的，可能是人們進(jìn)行宗教儀式時留下來的。

　　如下是閱讀聽力原文

　　2016.6.25

　　綜合寫作

　　The straight lines and the central shape with straight line are “Nazca Lines”

　　The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a series of images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images, many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering several kilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the top layer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lighter soil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theories have been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.

　　One theory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomical calendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortest number of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. This theory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, that on the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a single long line drawn in the desert.

　　Another theory is that the Nazca images were created as a monumental art form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in the region. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstrate their power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massive pyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out of stone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images were built for similar reasons--to impress others.

　　A third theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence that people traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation that the Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groups of individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca images are ancient racetracks.

　　Listening

　　The three theories that you read give some very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up well unto the examination.

　　First, about the Nazca Lines as indicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that the vast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in the sky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds of Nazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, a few line up. That would happen just by chance.

　　Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, it is certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive really only when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standing on the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. The landscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on the ground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their great height them makes them visible and impressive.

　　Third, the idea that people were using the lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals. There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are too complex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for the evidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but we know that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca line played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking along the line.

　　Writing 2

　　2017年9月17日獨立作文：

　　A lot of high school students now cheat in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most efficient way to stop?

　　-asking parents to help stop the students from cheating

　　-penalty or punishment to the students

　　-asking teacher to create homework assignment that cannot be easily cheated

　　今天的獨立寫作是久違了的三選一題目，ETS出的題目越來越接地氣，考察防止高中生作弊哪種方法最有效。這種題型的思路是選擇一個支持的說明理由，并解釋為什么不支持其他兩個選項。

　　這道題假如選擇第三個，我們可以找到理由是老師可以布置開放性的家庭作業(yè)，學(xué)生可以去圖書館查閱資料，整理形成presentation或者寫paper，這樣學(xué)生就不太容易作弊。

　　第一個選項--父母幫助孩子防止作弊—可能作用不太大，是因為有些家長本身受教育程度不高沒法進(jìn)行有效的指導(dǎo);甚至有的父母會為了孩子在學(xué)業(yè)中拿到比較高的成績會幫助孩子做作業(yè)，這就起不到防止作弊的效果。

　　第二個選項—處罰—也起不到作用是因為處罰過輕起不到震懾作用，處罰過重比如開除學(xué)籍可能會給學(xué)生帶來嚴(yán)重影響，甚至心理素質(zhì)不好的學(xué)生會跳樓自殺等等。

　　托福寫作得高分的4個要點

　　1.托福寫作的考些什么?

　　托福寫作包括兩部分，需在50分鐘的時間內(nèi)完成。

　　第一部分是綜合寫作，以閱讀和聽力材料為基礎(chǔ)的寫作試題，寫作時間為20分鐘?？忌紫刃枰喿x一篇學(xué)術(shù)篇章，閱讀的時間是3分鐘。然后文章隱去，考生需要聽一段大約為2分鐘左右的與閱讀主題相關(guān)的演講。之后考生需要針對閱讀和演講中的觀點作文，總結(jié)并說明演講的內(nèi)容與閱讀中觀點的關(guān)系，在20分鐘的時間內(nèi)完成一篇150~225字的文章。

　　第二部分是獨立寫作，需要考生根據(jù)自己的知識和經(jīng)驗陳述、解釋并支持對待某一問題的某個看法，考查綜合語言技能的作文題目的評分以回答的質(zhì)量、完整性和準(zhǔn)確性為依據(jù)。在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇300字以上的文章。

　　一般情況下如果你的時間充裕，小編建議大家能多寫盡量多寫，并不是網(wǎng)上有些人說的多寫怕出錯，小編認(rèn)為的多寫并不是沒話找話，這里講的多寫是要考生讓文章更加完整的情況下去填充內(nèi)容，讓寫作文章更加的豐富。

　　2.托福寫作的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是怎樣的?

　　托福寫作評分包括機(jī)器評分以及人工評分兩部分。

　　機(jī)器評分主要通過E-rater，對考生文章的語法是否正確、用詞是否得當(dāng)、以及單詞拼寫及大小寫是否準(zhǔn)確等方面進(jìn)行評分;一篇考生的文章會經(jīng)過兩臺機(jī)器評分。

　　人工評分通過ETS閱卷人評分，綜合寫作和獨立寫作分別有兩位閱卷人給出分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　托福寫作原始分?jǐn)?shù)為0-5分，考生得分分為三個level(如下圖所示)：GOOD(4.0-5.0)，F(xiàn)AIR(2.5-3.5)，LIMITED(1.0-2.0)，最終成績通過兩個科目的分?jǐn)?shù)取平均分，再換算為30分制的分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　3.怎么從5分轉(zhuǎn)化為30分?

　　具體換算大家可以參考一下下面這張圖片：

　　4.托福寫作評分0-5分的依據(jù)是什么?

　　托福5分作文

　　文章切題，闡說充分，文章有說服力;段落組織有序，銜接緊密，過渡自然，有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性;段落內(nèi)句與句連接順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)，靈活，嫻熟;用詞確切，得體。文章中有個別語法拼寫錯誤，但不影響內(nèi)容表達(dá)。

　　托福4分作文

　　文章切題，闡說基本充分，在某些細(xì)節(jié)上有缺陷。段落層次組織有序，銜接緊密，過渡自然，邏輯性強(qiáng);句間連接順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)，靈活;用詞基本得體。文章中有少量用詞不當(dāng)和語法拼寫錯誤。

　　托福3分作文

　　文章切題，闡說尚可，展開不夠。段落層次組織有序，銜接緊密，過渡自然，有邏輯性;句間連接基本順暢;有部分句法錯誤;用詞一般，有時不得體。詞性區(qū)分和拼寫等有若干錯誤。

　　托福2分作文

　　文章切題，段落組織基本合理，有邏輯性，但只存在于語義層次上，語言表達(dá)上未能體現(xiàn);句子框架結(jié)構(gòu)基本成立，但有許多語法錯誤，句間聯(lián)系不順暢，往往是不善于使用邏輯連詞，顯得幼稚，生硬。詞匯方面拼寫錯誤多，常有用詞不得體現(xiàn)象。

　　托福1分作文

　　文章切題。闡說沒有展開，只限于三言兩語地回答問題;沒有段落組織，很亂，長度很短，只有一段;句子排列有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，能看出各句基本框架，但結(jié)構(gòu)或語法錯誤較多;用詞不得體，拼寫錯誤多。

　　托福0分作文

　　文章各方面都有嚴(yán)重錯誤，句子不像句子。總體印象是根本沒有寫作能力，英語水平太低，達(dá)不到一分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只能打最低分。

　　以上這4點大家備考時需要謹(jǐn)記，這樣才能更加充分的備考托福寫作，以至獲得更高的托福分?jǐn)?shù)，希望這些對大家托福寫作備考都有幫助。最后，小編預(yù)祝大家托?？荚嚹苋〉美硐氲某煽儭?/p>

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