與教育有關(guān)的論文
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一、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)面面觀
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?;虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱,如:
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如:
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何變時(shí)態(tài):
直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí);過(guò)去完成時(shí)則保留原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。
?、僦苯右Z(yǔ)是客觀真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
?、谥苯右Z(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
?、壑苯右Z(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
?、苤苯右Z(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,變間接引語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
?、萑绻苯右Z(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí),(例:could, should, would, might)不再變。如:
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何變狀語(yǔ):
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”(例:now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday。變?yōu)?the day before)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ),由“此”改為“彼”(例:this 改為that),如:
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何變句型:
?、僦苯右Z(yǔ)如果是陳述句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
?、谥苯右Z(yǔ)如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
?、壑苯右Z(yǔ)如果是特殊問句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
?、苤苯右Z(yǔ)如果是祈使句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如:
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
?、葜苯右Z(yǔ)如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用“suggest 動(dòng)句詞(或從句)。”如:
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
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