李開復(fù)TED英文演講：AI和人類將來會如何共處
李開復(fù)認(rèn)為，在這場人工智能摧毀工作的浩劫中，唯有創(chuàng)造性工作才能從中全身而退。人類將面臨的最大考驗并非是失去工作，而是失去生活的意義。下面是小編為大家收集關(guān)于李開復(fù)TED英文演講：AI和人類將來會如何共處，歡迎借鑒參考。
李開復(fù)TED演講稿雙語版
I'm going to talk about how AI and mankind can coexist, but first, we have to rethink about our human values. So let me first make a confession about my errors in my values.
我將會談?wù)勅斯ぶ悄芎腿祟惾绾文軌蚬泊妫?但首先，我們需要重新思考人文價值。 所以首先讓我承認(rèn)我價值觀中的錯誤。
It was 11 o'clock, December 16, 1991. I was about to become a father for the first time. My wife, Shen-Ling, lay in the hospital bed going through a very difficult 12-hour labor. I sat by her bedside but looked anxiously at my watch, and I knew something that she didn't. I knew that if in one hour, our child didn't come, I was going to leave her there and go back to work and make a presentation about AI to my boss, Apple's CEO. Fortunately, my daughter was born at 11:30 --
那時是1991年12月16日的11時。 我即將首次成為父親。 我的妻子，申玲，躺在病床上 經(jīng)歷著一段艱辛并為時12小時的分娩。 我坐在床邊 但卻焦慮地望著我的手表， 而我知道一些她不知道的事。 我知道如果在一小時內(nèi)， 我們的孩子還未出生， 我將要將她留在那里 并去上班 并向我的老板，蘋果的首席執(zhí)行官 呈現(xiàn)個有關(guān)人工智能的陳述。 幸運(yùn)的是，我的女兒在11:30出生了--
sparing me from doing the unthinkable, and to this day, I am so sorry for letting my work ethic take precedence over love for my family.
為我免去了要做難以想象的事的需要， 而一直到今天，我為我優(yōu)先工作倫理 于對我家人的愛之上感到抱歉。
My AI talk, however, went off brilliantly.
然而，我人工智能的呈現(xiàn)， 進(jìn)行得非常好。
Apple loved my work and decided to announce it at TED1992, 26 years ago on this very stage. I thought I had made one of the biggest, most important discoveries in AI, and so did the "Wall Street Journal" on the following day.
蘋果喜歡我的作品，并決定在TED1992上將其宣布， 26年前就在這個臺上。 我以為我做了在人工智能領(lǐng)域內(nèi) 其中一個最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)， 第二天“華爾街日報”也是這么認(rèn)為。
But as far as discoveries went, it turned out, I didn't discover India, or America. Perhaps I discovered a little island off of Portugal. But the AI era of discovery continued, and more scientists poured their souls into it. About 10 years ago, the grand AI discovery was made by three North American scientists, and it's known as deep learning.
但隨著越來越多的發(fā)現(xiàn)， 結(jié)果是， 我并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)印度或是美洲。 或許我發(fā)現(xiàn)的是葡萄牙附近的一個小島。 但是人工智能的發(fā)現(xiàn)時代持續(xù)了下去， 而越來越多的科學(xué)家全心全意地投入其中。 大約10年前，三名北美科學(xué)家 做出了重大的人工智能發(fā)現(xiàn)， 那就是深度學(xué)習(xí)。
Deep learning is a technology that can take a huge amount of data within one single domain and learn to predict or decide at superhuman accuracy. For example, if we show the deep learning network a massive number of food photos, it can recognize food such as hot dog or no hot dog.
深度學(xué)習(xí)是個能在單一域名中取得大量資料 并用超人的精確度 來學(xué)習(xí)以作出預(yù)測或決定的科技。 例如，如果我們向深度學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)顯示 非常大量的食物照片， 它可以辨認(rèn)出 例如有熱狗或沒有熱狗的食物。
Or if we show it many pictures and videos and sensor data from driving on the highway, it can actually drive a car as well as a human being on the highway. And what if we showed this deep learning network all the speeches made by President Trump? Then this artificially intelligent President Trump, actually the network --
或如果我們向它顯示許多 在高速公路上行駛的影片和傳感器數(shù)據(jù)， 它其實可以與人類媲美 在高速公路上開車。 若我們向這深度學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)顯示 所有特朗普總統(tǒng)所發(fā)表過的演說呢? 這人工智能的特朗普總統(tǒng)， 其實是該網(wǎng)絡(luò)--
can --
可以--
You like double oxymorons, huh?
你喜歡雙重矛盾修辭法，對吧?
So this network, if given the request to make a speech about AI, he, or it, might say --
所以此網(wǎng)絡(luò)，若被要求發(fā)表一場 關(guān)于人工智能的演說的話， 他，或它，或許會說--
(Recording) Donald Trump: It's a great thing to build a better world with artificial intelligence.
能運(yùn)用人工智能來建立 一個更完美的世界是個很美好的事情。
Kai-Fu Lee: And maybe in another language?
或許用另一個語言來說?
DT: (Speaking Chinese)
人工智能正在改變世界
KFL: You didn't know he knew Chinese, did you?
你們并不知道他會說中文吧?
So deep learning has become the core in the era of AI discovery, and that's led by the US. But we're now in the era of implementation, where what really matters is execution, product quality, speed and data. And that's where China comes in. Chinese entrepreneurs, who I fund as a venture capitalist, are incredible workers, amazing work ethic. My example in the delivery room is nothing compared to how hard people work in China. As an example, one startup tried to claim work-life balance: "Come work for us because we are 996." And what does that mean? It means the work hours of 9am to 9pm, six days a week. That's contrasted with other startups that do 997.
所以深度學(xué)習(xí)成為了人工智能發(fā)現(xiàn)時代的核心， 并由美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著。 但我們現(xiàn)在身處于實踐時代， 被看重的是實行、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、速度和數(shù)據(jù)。 這就是中國被牽涉其中的時候了。 中國企業(yè)家， 我為這些斗膽的資本家提供資金， 他們是非凡的員工， 有非常棒的工作倫理。 我在產(chǎn)房的例子與中國人工作用功的程度 相比之下不算什么。 例如，有個新公司聲稱工作與生活的平衡： “加入我們吧，因我們是996。” 那是什么意思呢? 那表示的是上午9時至晚上9時、 每周六天的工作時間。 這與其他實施997的新公司形成對比。
And the Chinese product quality has consistently gone up in the past decade, and that's because of a fiercely competitive environment. In Silicon Valley, entrepreneurs compete in a very gentlemanly fashion, sort of like in old wars in which each side took turns to fire at each other.
而在過去的十年中， 中國制的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量在持續(xù)地提升， 這歸功于具有極其競爭力的環(huán)境。 在硅谷，企業(yè)家用非常紳士的方式來競爭， 有點像是舊時的戰(zhàn)爭 雙方輪流向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)火。
But in the Chinese environment, it's truly a gladiatorial fight to the death. In such a brutal environment, entrepreneurs learn to grow very rapidly, they learn to make their products better at lightning speed, and they learn to hone their business models until they're impregnable. As a result, great Chinese products like WeChat and Weibo are arguably better than the equivalent American products from Facebook and Twitter.
但在中國的環(huán)境內(nèi)， 它就像是角斗士般往死里斗。 在這個極其殘酷的環(huán)境內(nèi)， 企業(yè)家學(xué)習(xí)如何迅速成長， 他們學(xué)習(xí)如何光速地將產(chǎn)品變得更好， 他們而學(xué)習(xí)將他們的企業(yè)模型 修飾至堅不可摧。 結(jié)果是，像是微信和微博的杰出中國產(chǎn)品 可說是比像是面子書和推特的相等美國產(chǎn)品更好。 而中國市場欣然接受這項變化和 加速變化以及范式轉(zhuǎn)變。
And the Chinese market embraces this change and accelerated change and paradigm shifts. As an example, if any of you go to China, you will see it's almost cashless and credit card-less, because that thing that we all talk about, mobile payment, has become the reality in China. In the last year, 18.8 trillion US dollars were transacted on mobile internet, and that's because of very robust technologies built behind it. It's even bigger than the China GDP. And this technology, you can say, how can it be bigger than the GDP? Because it includes all transactions: wholesale, channels, retail, online, offline, going into a shopping mall or going into a farmers market like this. The technology is used by 700 million people to pay each other, not just merchants, so it's peer to peer, and it's almost transaction-fee-free. And it's instantaneous, and it's used everywhere. And finally, the China market is enormous. This market is large, which helps give entrepreneurs more users, more revenue, more investment, but most importantly, it gives the entrepreneurs a chance to collect a huge amount of data which becomes rocket fuel for the AI engine. So as a result, the Chinese AI companies have leaped ahead so that today, the most valuable companies in computer vision, speech recognition, speech synthesis, machine translation and drones are all Chinese companies.
比如說，如果你們其中幾個去到中國， 你將會看到它幾乎是無現(xiàn)金及無信用卡， 因為我們常常討論的事物，移動支付， 在中國已成為了現(xiàn)實。 在過去的一年， 18.8萬億美金是通過移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)來交易， 而這歸功于在其身后被建設(shè)的強(qiáng)勁科技。 它比中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值還更高。 而此技術(shù)，你可以說， 它如何能比國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值還更高? 這是因為它包括了所有的交易： 批發(fā)、頻道、零售、網(wǎng)上、離線， 如此般進(jìn)入購物商場或是農(nóng)貿(mào)市場。 這項技術(shù)被7億人用來互相支付， 不僅僅局限于商家， 所以它是點對點的， 而它幾乎是無手續(xù)費(fèi)的。 它是即時的， 并在每個地點被采用。 而最終，中國市場十分巨大。 此市場巨大， 這給了企業(yè)家更多用戶、更高的收入、更多投資， 但最重要的， 它給了企業(yè)家一個收集大量數(shù)據(jù)的機(jī)會 這成為了人工智能引擎的燃料。 結(jié)果，中國人工智能公司已往前飛躍， 所以如今，在機(jī)械視覺、語言識別、 語言合成、機(jī)械翻譯和無人機(jī)領(lǐng)域中 最具價值的公司都是中國公司。 所以有著由美國帶領(lǐng)的發(fā)現(xiàn)時代 以及由中國帶領(lǐng)的實踐時代， 我們目前身處于的時代是 兩個超級大國的雙聯(lián)引擎正一同合作 來驅(qū)動我們?nèi)祟悘奈匆娮R過 最迅速的科技革命。
So with the US leading the era of discovery and China leading the era of implementation, we are now in an amazing age where the dual engine of the two superpowers are working together to drive the fastest revolution in technology that we have ever seen as humans. And this will bring tremendous wealth, unprecedented wealth: 16 trillion dollars, according to PwC, in terms of added GDP to the worldwide GDP by 2030. It will also bring immense challenges in terms of potential job replacements. Whereas in the Industrial Age it created more jobs because craftsman jobs were being decomposed into jobs in the assembly line, so more jobs were created. But AI completely replaces the individual jobs in the assembly line with robots. And it's not just in factories, but truckers, drivers and even jobs like telesales, customer service and hematologists as well as radiologists over the next 15 years are going to be gradually replaced by artificial intelligence. And only the creative jobs --
這將會帶來極大的財富、 空前的財富： 據(jù)普華永道稱，16萬億美金， 在2030年，為附加至全球國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值。 它也將帶來巨大的挑戰(zhàn)， 在潛在工作更替方面。 而在工業(yè)時期， 它創(chuàng)造了更多工作 因為工匠的工作被分解成 生產(chǎn)線中的各式工作， 所以創(chuàng)造了更多工作。 但是人工智能用機(jī)械人 將生產(chǎn)線中的獨(dú)立工作給替代了。 而這不只是在工廠內(nèi)， 而貨車司機(jī)、駕駛員 甚至于像是電話銷售、客服、 血液學(xué)家和放射學(xué)家的工作， 在未來的15年內(nèi) 都將會慢慢地被人工智能所替代。 而只有具創(chuàng)造力的工作--
I have to make myself safe, right? Really, the creative jobs are the ones that are protected, because AI can optimize but not create.
我必須保護(hù)我自己，對吧? 真的，具創(chuàng)造力的工作是被保護(hù)的那群， 因為人工智能可以優(yōu)化但不能創(chuàng)造。
But what's more serious than the loss of jobs is the loss of meaning, because the work ethic in the Industrial Age has brainwashed us into thinking that work is the reason we exist, that work defined the meaning of our lives. And I was a prime and willing victim to that type of workaholic thinking. I worked incredibly hard. That's why I almost left my wife in the delivery room, that's why I worked 996 alongside my entrepreneurs. And that obsession that I had with work ended abruptly a few years ago when I was diagnosed with fourth stage lymphoma. The PET scan here shows over 20 malignant tumors jumping out like fireballs, melting away my ambition. But more importantly, it helped me reexamine my life. Knowing that I may only have a few months to live caused me to see how foolish it was for me to base my entire self-worth on how hard I worked and the accomplishments from hard work. My priorities were completely out of order. I neglected my family. My father had passed away, and I never had a chance to tell him I loved him. My mother had dementia and no longer recognized me, and my children had grown up.
但比失去工作更嚴(yán)重的是失去意義， 因為在工業(yè)時期的工作倫理 將我們洗腦并灌輸工作是我們存在的原因， 工作定義了我們生活的意義。 而我就是個典型并自愿接受 那種工作狂思想的受害者。 我非常努力地工作。 那就是為什么我?guī)缀鯇⑽业钠拮营?dú)自留在產(chǎn)房內(nèi)， 那就是為什么我996地與企業(yè)家們工作。 而我對工作的癡迷在幾年前 當(dāng)我被診斷患上了第四期淋巴瘤時 突然地結(jié)束了。 這個正子斷層掃描顯示超過20個惡性腫瘤 向火球那樣地跳了出來， 令我的夙愿逐漸地消失。 但更重要的是， 它幫助我重新審視我的生活。 知道我可能只剩下幾個月的生命 令我看清將自己所有的自尊 建立在工作艱辛程度以及努力工作的成就上 是有多么的愚蠢。 我的優(yōu)先事項亂套了。 我忽略了我的家庭。 我父親過世了， 而我從來沒有機(jī)會告訴他我愛他。 我母親患上了癡呆癥并從此認(rèn)不出我了， 而我的孩子們已經(jīng)長大了。
During my chemotherapy, I read a book by Bronnie Ware who talked about dying wishes and regrets of the people in the deathbed. She found that facing death, nobody regretted that they didn't work hard enough in this life. They only regretted that they didn't spend enough time with their loved ones and that they didn't spread their love.
在我化療的過程中， 我讀了布朗妮·維爾的一本書 述說了人們臨終前的各種臨終心愿以及遺憾。 她發(fā)現(xiàn)面對死亡時， 沒有人為自己在生命中 工作得不夠努力而感到惋惜。 他們只后悔自己沒有花足夠的時間與愛的人相處 并且沒有傳遞自己的愛。
So I am fortunately today in remission.
我今天很幸運(yùn)地處于緩解期中。
So I can be back at TED again to share with you that I have changed my ways. I now only work 965 -- occasionally 996, but usually 965. I moved closer to my mother, my wife usually travels with me, and when my kids have vacation, if they don't come home, I go to them. So it's a new form of life that helped me recognize how important it is that love is for me, and facing death helped me change my life, but it also helped me see a new way of how AI should impact mankind and work and coexist with mankind, that really, AI is taking away a lot of routine jobs, but routine jobs are not what we're about.
所以我可以回到TED 與你們分享我已經(jīng)改變了我的方法。 我如今965地工作-- 偶爾996，但通常965。 我搬遷至母親附近， 我妻子通常與我一同旅行， 當(dāng)我的孩子們有假期時， 若他們不回家，我將到他們那兒去。 這新的生活方式幫助我認(rèn)清 愛對我來說是多么的重要， 而面對死亡幫助我改變自己的生活， 但它同時也幫助我用新的方式來看待 人工智能該如何影響人類 并工作以及與人類并存， 確實，人工智能帶走了很多規(guī)律性工作， 但這些規(guī)律性工作不代表著我們。
Why we exist is love. When we hold our newborn baby, love at first sight, or when we help someone in need, humans are uniquely able to give and receive love, and that's what differentiates us from AI.
我們存在的原因是愛。 當(dāng)我們抱著我們的新生兒時， 一見鐘情， 或當(dāng)我們幫助有需要的人時， 人類很獨(dú)特地能夠給予并接收愛， 這就是將我們與人工智能區(qū)分開來的事情。
Despite what science fiction may portray, I can responsibly tell you that AI has no love. When AlphaGo defeated the world champion Ke Jie, while Ke Jie was crying and loving the game of go, AlphaGo felt no happiness from winning and certainly no desire to hug a loved one.
不管任何科幻有可能描述的東西， 我能很負(fù)責(zé)任地告訴你人工智能沒有愛。 當(dāng)阿法圍棋打敗了世界冠軍柯潔時， 當(dāng)柯潔哭泣并愛著圍棋時， 阿法圍棋沒有從勝利中感受到開心的滋味 當(dāng)然沒有擁抱愛的人的渴望。
So how do we differentiate ourselves as humans in the age of AI? We talked about the axis of creativity, and certainly that is one possibility, and now we introduce a new axis that we can call compassion, love, or empathy. Those are things that AI cannot do. So as AI takes away the routine jobs, I like to think we can, we should and we must create jobs of compassion. You might ask how many of those there are, but I would ask you: Do you not think that we are going to need a lot of social workers to help us make this transition? Do you not think we need a lot of compassionate caregivers to give more medical care to more people? Do you not think we're going to need 10 times more teachers to help our children find their way to survive and thrive in this brave new world? And with all the newfound wealth, should we not also make labors of love into careers and let elderly accompaniment or homeschooling become careers also?
那我們該如何在人工智能時代中 將我們?yōu)槿藗兣c其區(qū)分開來? 我們說到了創(chuàng)造性的軸， 當(dāng)然那是其中一個可能性， 而如今我們介紹一個稱為 同情、愛或同感的新軸。 那些都是人工智能不能做的事情。 當(dāng)人工智能帶走規(guī)律性工作的同時， 我想我們可以、應(yīng)該以及必須創(chuàng)造同情性工作。 你或許會問那種工作到底有多少? 但我想問問你： 你不認(rèn)為我們將需要許多社會福利工作者 來幫助我們完成這段過渡期嗎? 你不認(rèn)為我們需要許多富有同情心的看護(hù) 來為更多人提供更多醫(yī)療看護(hù)嗎? 你不認(rèn)為我們將需要多10倍的老師 來幫助我們的孩子們 來幫助他們找尋自己在這個新世界中 生存和成長的方法嗎? 有著這些新獲得的財富， 我們不應(yīng)該將愛的勞工變成工作的一種 以及將老人伴隨或在家教育變成工作的一種嗎?
This graph is surely not perfect, but it points at four ways that we can work with AI. AI will come and take away the routine jobs and in due time, we will be thankful. AI will become great tools for the creatives so that scientists, artists, musicians and writers can be even more creative. AI will work with humans as analytical tools that humans can wrap their warmth around for the high-compassion jobs. And we can always differentiate ourselves with the uniquely capable jobs that are both compassionate and creative, using and leveraging our irreplaceable brains and hearts. So there you have it: a blueprint of coexistence for humans and AI.
這個圖表當(dāng)然不是完美的， 但它指出了四種我們能與人工智能一同合作的方法。 人工智能將帶來并帶走規(guī)律性工作， 同時，我們將感到欣慰。 人工智能將成為創(chuàng)造者很好的工具 所以科學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家、音樂家和作家 能夠變得更有創(chuàng)造力。 人工智能將以分析工具的方式與人們工作， 所以人們可以將他們的溫暖傾注于高同情性的工作。 我們可以用具獨(dú)特能力 并同時是具同情心和創(chuàng)造力的工作 將自己區(qū)分開來， 運(yùn)用并影響我們不可取代的頭腦和內(nèi)心。 所以你可以看到： 人類與人工智能共存的藍(lán)圖。 人工智能是湊巧的。 它的到來是將我們從規(guī)律性工作中解放出來， 它的到來也是提醒我們是什么使我們成為人們。 所以讓我們選擇欣然接受人工智能并彼此相愛。 謝謝。
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