考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯
參加考研英語(yǔ)的考試，試卷上自然會(huì)有閱讀理解，至于它是關(guān)于法律的還是經(jīng)濟(jì)的就不得而知了。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯，供大家參閱!
考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：A QUESTION OF PRIVACY
Behind the brewing war over protecting patients' records in an age of HMOs and online medicine.
Technology is a two-edged sword. Rarely is this as clear as it is in the r
ealm of health care. Technology allows doctors to test their patients for genetic defects--and then to turn around and spread the results throughout the world via the Internet. For someone in need of treatment, that's good news. But for someone in search of a job or an insurance policy, the tidings can be all bad.
Last week President Bill Clinton proposed a corollary to the patients' bill of rights now before Congress: a right to medical privacy. Beginning in 2002, under rules set to become law in February, patients would be able to stipulate the conditions under which their personal medical data could be divulged. They would be able to examine their records and make corrections. They could learn who else had seen the information. Improper use of records by a caregiver or insurer could result in both civil and criminal penalties. The plan was, said Clinton, "an unprecedented step toward putting Americans back in control of their own medical records."
While the administration billed the rules as an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of consumers and those of the health-care industry, neither doctors nor insurance companies were happy. The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was "health-care operations." That, physicians said, was a loophole through which HMOs and other insurers could pry into the doctor-patient relationship, in the name of assessing the quality of care. Meanwhile, the insurers protested that the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits. They were especially disturbed by a provision holding them liable for privacy breaches by "business partners" such as lawyers and accountants. Both groups agreed that privacy protections would drive up the cost of health care by at least an additional .8 billion, and maybe much more, over the next five years. They also complained about the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules' enforcement provisions.
One aim of the rules is to reassure patients about confidentiality, thereby encouraging them to be open with their doctors. Today various cancers and sexually transmitted diseases can go untreated because patients are afraid of embarrassment or of losing insurance coverage. The fear is real: Clinton aides noted that a January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates found that one in six U.S. adults had at some time done something unusual to conceal medical information, such as paying cash for services.
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By EVAN THOMAS Newsweek; 11/08/99, Vol. 134 Issue 19, p67, 1/2p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自By EVAN THOMAS Newsweek; 11/08/99, Vol. 134 Issue 19, p67, 1/2p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2003年真題text 2
1.The author begins his article with “technology is a two-edged sword” to _____________.
[A] show that doctor’s improper use of technology can end up in bad results
[B] call on people’s attention to the potential danger technology can bring to us
[C] warn of the harm patients are prone to suffer
[D] show the advantages and disadvantages of technology
2.According to the proposal made by President Clinton, patients will be able to do the following EXCEPT _____________.
[A] enjoy more rights to their medical records
[B] be open with their doctors
[C] decide how to use their medical information
[D] sue their insurers for improper use of their medical records
3.Doctors tend to think that the rules _____________.
[A] may ruin doctor-patient relationship
[B] can do more harm than good
[C] will prevent doctors from doing medical research
[D] will end up in more health care cost and poorer medical service
4.The example of the January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates is used to show that __________________.
[A] American patients’ concealment of their medical information has become a big concern
[B] a large portion of patients would rather leave their diseases untreated
[C] concealing medical information is widespread in the U.S.
[D] paying cash for medical service is a common practice among American patients
5.From the article we can learn that ________________.
[A] American government will tighten its control over the use of patients’ personal information.
[B] doctors and insurers are both against the rules for the same reasons
[C] patients are entitled to have complete control of their medical information
[D] the new rules put insurers in a very disadvantageous position
答案：ABBAD
篇章剖析
本文主要講述了病人醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)立法及其引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議，采用的是指出問(wèn)題---分析問(wèn)題的模式。作者首先說(shuō)明了病人醫(yī)療隱私泄露可能帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，接著談了提議中的病人醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)法案的內(nèi)容。在第三段作者說(shuō)明了反對(duì)該法案一方的觀點(diǎn)。最后一段則強(qiáng)調(diào)了新法規(guī)的宗旨和不立法可能造成的不良后果。
詞匯注釋
brewing [ `brU:IN ] adj. 醞釀中的;逐漸形成的;即將發(fā)生的
HMO: Health Maintenance Organization 醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)
tidings [5taIdINz] n. 消息
corollary [kE5rRlErI]n. 必然的結(jié)果;推論
stipulate [5stIpjJleIt] v. 規(guī)定，保證
divulge [daI5vQldV]v. 泄露, 暴露
bill [bIl]v. 宣布，宣告
managed-care plan: n. 管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃
loophole [5lu:phEJl]n. 漏洞
pry [praI]v. 探查，偵查，窺探
provision [prE5vIV(E)n]n. 規(guī)定
liable [5laIEb(E)l]adj. 有責(zé)任的
breach [bri:tF]n. 違背;不履行
難句突破
1.The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was "health-care operations."
主體句式：The doctors said …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句中pointing to 這個(gè)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)又包含了一個(gè)介詞without引出的方式狀語(yǔ)和由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，使得句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為復(fù)雜。
句子譯文：醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)實(shí)際上是在破壞隱私權(quán)，因?yàn)槠渲幸粭l規(guī)定允許管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃(managed-care plan)在“開(kāi)展醫(yī)療保健工作”時(shí)可以不經(jīng)許可使用個(gè)人信息。
題目分析
1.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。文章以醫(yī)生利用先進(jìn)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)傳播病人醫(yī)療信息會(huì)有助于治療某些病人的疾病，但同時(shí)又給一些病人在就業(yè)和購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)方面帶來(lái)困難為例說(shuō)明保護(hù)病人醫(yī)療信息的重要性，以及不當(dāng)使用技術(shù)可能帶來(lái)的不良后果。
2.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。”be open with their doctors ”只是這項(xiàng)法規(guī)試圖達(dá)到的效果，并不是該法規(guī)賦予病人的權(quán)利。因此答案應(yīng)該是B。
3.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章引用醫(yī)生的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為新法規(guī)不但不利于保護(hù)病人的隱私，反而會(huì)actually erode privacy，由此可見(jiàn)答案應(yīng)該是B。
4.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。前文講到了病人因?yàn)樾哂趩X或者擔(dān)心失去保險(xiǎn)賠付而隱瞞病情，使疾病得不到治療;然后說(shuō)The fear is real. 繼而引用普利斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)的調(diào)查結(jié)果，意在說(shuō)明這一問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。
5.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中提到保險(xiǎn)公司的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)時(shí)，引用了保險(xiǎn)公司的說(shuō)法：the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits.由此可見(jiàn)答案應(yīng)該是D。A項(xiàng)中提出的政府加強(qiáng)對(duì)病人私人信息的控制的說(shuō)法是不正確的，因?yàn)楸ｋU(xiǎn)公司抗議的是政府要加強(qiáng)對(duì)法規(guī)實(shí)施情況的審查(the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules' enforcement provisions)。
參考譯文:
一個(gè)隱私問(wèn)題
在醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)和在線醫(yī)療時(shí)代，即將發(fā)起的一場(chǎng)保護(hù)病人病歷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)背后的故事
技術(shù)是一把雙刃劍。這一點(diǎn)在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域尤為明顯。借助技術(shù)，醫(yī)生可以測(cè)試病人的遺傳缺陷---并通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很快將結(jié)果傳遍全世界。對(duì)于那些需要治療的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是好消息;但對(duì)于那些正在找工作，或者想要買一份保險(xiǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣的消息可能非常糟糕。
上周比爾·克林頓總統(tǒng)向國(guó)會(huì)提交了一份病人權(quán)利法案的推論：醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)。從2002年開(kāi)始，根據(jù)2月即將生效的法規(guī)，病人將有權(quán)規(guī)定透露其個(gè)人醫(yī)療資料的條件。他們可以檢查自己的病歷并進(jìn)行更正。他們也可以了解哪些人曾看過(guò)他們的信息。醫(yī)護(hù)人員或者保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)病歷使用不當(dāng)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致民事或者刑事處罰?？肆诸D說(shuō)，這一提案“在促使美國(guó)人重新獲得對(duì)自己的病歷控制權(quán)方面邁出了極其重要的一步。”
雖然政府稱這些法規(guī)旨在平衡消費(fèi)者和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的需求，但醫(yī)生和保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)此都頗有微詞。醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)實(shí)際上是在破壞隱私權(quán)，因?yàn)槠渲幸粭l規(guī)定允許管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃(managed-care plan)在“開(kāi)展醫(yī)療保健工作”時(shí)可以不經(jīng)許可使用個(gè)人信息。醫(yī)生們稱其為一個(gè)漏洞，它使得醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)(HMO)和其他保險(xiǎn)公司可以打著評(píng)估醫(yī)療保健質(zhì)量的旗號(hào)窺探醫(yī)患關(guān)系。同時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)公司也對(duì)這些法規(guī)持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，他們認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)很容易讓他們?nèi)巧瞎偎?。其中一條法規(guī)令他們尤為不滿，該法規(guī)規(guī)定：保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)律師和會(huì)計(jì)這樣的“商業(yè)伙伴”的侵犯隱私行為負(fù)責(zé)。這兩個(gè)群體都一致認(rèn)為，保護(hù)隱私會(huì)使醫(yī)療保健成本增加至少38億美元，在接下來(lái)的五年里也許還會(huì)增加更多。根據(jù)新法規(guī)的執(zhí)行條例，聯(lián)邦政府將加大對(duì)醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的審查力度，他們對(duì)此也表示不滿。
新法規(guī)的目標(biāo)之一就是要讓病人不再擔(dān)心自己的隱私被泄漏，從而鼓勵(lì)他們對(duì)醫(yī)生坦誠(chéng)相告。今天各種各樣的癌癥和性病可能會(huì)因?yàn)椴∪诵哂趩X或者擔(dān)心失去保險(xiǎn)賠付而得不到治療。這種擔(dān)心并非無(wú)中生有：克林頓的助手補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，由普林斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)在一月份進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)民意測(cè)試顯示，在美國(guó)，每六個(gè)成年人中就有一個(gè)曾經(jīng)做過(guò)刻意隱瞞醫(yī)療信息的事情，比如用現(xiàn)金支付服務(wù)費(fèi)。
考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：WE HAVE TO SACRIFICE
States offer to pick up the tab for unpaid leave
When Gina Garro and Brian Duplisea adopted 4-month-old Andres from Colombia last month, they were determined to take time off from work to care for him. S
ix years ago, after their daughter, Melina, was born, the family scraped by on Duplisea's ,000 salary as a construction worker so Garro, a special-education teacher, could stay home. Now, since Garro's job furnishes the family health insurance, she'll head back to work this fall while Duplisea juggles diapers and baby bottles. His boss agreed to the time off--but he will have to forgo his -an-hour pay. It won't be easy. Though Garro's ,000 salary will cover their mortgage, the couple will have to freeze their retirement accounts, scale back on Melina's after-school activities--and pray that nothing goes wrong with the car. "It takes away from your cushion and your security," says Garro. "Things will be tight."
The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro's, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives. But while the law guarantees that workers won't lose their jobs, it doesn't cover their paychecks. One survey last year showed that while 24 million Americans had taken leaves since 1999, 2.7 million more wanted to, but couldn't afford it. That may change soon. In response to increasing demands from voters, at least 25 states are now exploring new ways to offer paid leave. One possibility: tapping state disability funds. A handful of states--New York, New Jersey, California, Rhode Island and Hawaii--already dip into disability money to offer partial pay for women on maternity leave. But that doesn't help dads or people caring for elderly parents. New Jersey and New York may soon expand disability programs to cover leave for fathers and other caretakers. Thirteen states, including Arizona, Illinois and Florida, have proposed using unemployment funds to pay for leave.
Massachusetts has been especially creative. When the state's acting governor, Jane Swift, gave birth to twin daughters in May, she drew attention to the issue with her own "working maternity leave": she telecommuted part-time but earned her usual full-time salary. Even before Swift returned to work last week, the state Senate unanimously passed a pilot plan that would use surplus funds from a health-insurance program for the unemployed to give new parents 12 weeks off at half pay. Another plan, proposed in the House, would require employers to kick in per worker to set up a "New Families Trust Fund." Businesses would get tax credits in return. This week Swift is expected to announce her own paid-leave plan for lower-income mothers and fathers. Polls show widespread public support--another reason Swift and other politicians across the country have embraced the issue.
Still, not everyone's wild about the idea. People without children question why new parents--the first group to get paid leave under many of the proposed plans--should get more government perks than they do. Business groups are resistant to proposals that would raid unemployment funds; several have already filed suit to block them. As the economy slows, many companies say they can't afford to contribute to proposed new benefit funds either. Business lobbyists say too many employees already abuse existing federal family-leave laws by taking time off for dubious reasons or in tiny time increments. The proposed laws, they say, would only make matters worse.
For Garro and Duplisea, though, the new laws could make all the difference. As Melina fixes a peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich, Duplisea hugs a snoozing Andres against his T shirt. "We're trying to do the right thing by two kids, and we have to sacrifice," Duplisea says. In Massachusetts and plenty of other states, help may be on the way.
Newsweek; 8/27/2001, Vol. 138 Issue 9, p46, 1p, 1c
注(1) 本文選自Newsweek;8/27/2001, Vol. 138 Issue 9, p46, 1p, 1c
注(2) 本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1997年真題text 1(1，2，3，5題)，第4題模仿1997年真題text 3 的第2題。
1.From the first paragraph, we learn that __________________.
[A] Garro and Duplisea used to live a comfortable and easy life.
[B] Duplisea’s boss is so considerate as to allow him to keep his job
[C] Garro can earn more money so she should go back to work.
[D] The couple have made a lot of sacrifices to take care of their children.
2.When Garro says “It takes away from your cushion and your security”, she means _____________________.
[A] it exhausts her family savings
[B] it plunges her family into financial trouble
[C] it deprives her children of health insurance
[D] it makes her feel insecure
3.If Garro lives in Massachusetts, she will ___________________.
[A] have 12 weeks off at half pay
[B] telecommute part-time but earn full-time salary
[C] leave her job without pay to take care of her kids
[D] get from her employer for her leave
4.The word “perk” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means _______________.
[A] grant
[B] policy
[C] encouragement
[D] reward
5.The author’s attitude towards paid leave seems to be that of _________________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval
[D] indifference
答案：DBAAC
篇章剖析
本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹帶薪請(qǐng)假政策的起因，制定和實(shí)施情況，以及所面臨的問(wèn)題和反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。文章首先以加羅一家的經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明停薪請(qǐng)假的人所面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。然后在第二，第三段介紹了一下各州針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的解決方案。第四段介紹了反對(duì)者的態(tài)度和看法，最后一段再次以加羅一家的情況來(lái)說(shuō)明帶薪請(qǐng)假政策可能帶來(lái)的積極變化，并且呼應(yīng)了文章開(kāi)頭部分，以此作為結(jié)尾，使得全文層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
詞匯注釋
scrape [skreIp]v. (常與along, by, through連用)勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì);勉強(qiáng)通過(guò)
furnish[5f\:nIF]v. 供應(yīng), 提供
juggle[5dVQ^(E)l]v. 耍，弄
diaper[`daIEpE(r)]n. 尿布
forgo[fC:5^EJ]v. 拋棄;放棄
cushion[5kJF(E)n] n. 緩沖，減輕或緩和不利后果的東西：
tap [tAp]v. 開(kāi)發(fā);利用
maternity[mE5t\:nItI]adj. 母性的，初為人母的孕婦的;適合于孕婦的，生小孩或成為母親的第一個(gè)月的
telecommute[9telIkE`mjU:t ]v. (在家里通過(guò)使用與工作單位連接的計(jì)算機(jī)終端)遠(yuǎn)距離工作
pilot plan 試點(diǎn)方案
kick in 參與提供資金和其他幫助的活動(dòng)中去
tax credit 稅金免除
perk[p\:k]n. 額外津貼 (亦作： perquisite)
raid[reId]v. 侵吞
lobbyist[5lRbIIst]n. 院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)成員;說(shuō)客
increment[5InkrImEnt]n. 增加, 增量
難句突破：
1.The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro's, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives.
主體句式：The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，既包括從句，也包括分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。be supposed to do something 表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”等。safety net 原義是防止墜落受傷的“安全網(wǎng)”，在此引申為“安全保障”。
句子譯文：1993年頒布的《家庭醫(yī)療休假法》本來(lái)應(yīng)該幫助像加羅這樣的家庭，為那些請(qǐng)假照顧新生兒，治療重病或者照顧患病親人的員工提供一個(gè)安全保障。
題目分析：
1. 答案為D,屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第一段。為了照顧兩個(gè)孩子，這一對(duì)夫婦倆做出了許多選擇。這些選擇大都意味著做出一定犧牲，比如請(qǐng)假在家照顧孩子，收入減少，凍結(jié)養(yǎng)老金帳戶，減少孩子課外活動(dòng)開(kāi)支等。
2. 答案為B，屬判斷推理題。 從第一段列舉的事實(shí)來(lái)看，加羅夫婦不得不凍結(jié)養(yǎng)老金帳號(hào)，減少梅麗娜的課后活動(dòng)開(kāi)支---還要禱告汽車別出問(wèn)題?？梢?jiàn)請(qǐng)假照顧孩子給他們帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。答案B正確。
3. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。內(nèi)容涉及馬薩諸塞州最近通過(guò)的一項(xiàng)議案。原文參照第三段第五行。
4. 答案為A，屬猜詞題。從第二，第三段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，各州政府試圖動(dòng)用各種基金對(duì)請(qǐng)假照料新生嬰兒的父母進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助，因此A項(xiàng)在意義上最符合。
5. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。本文重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明了停薪請(qǐng)假人所面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，以及各州的解決方案。并在最后一段說(shuō)明帶薪請(qǐng)假政策可能帶來(lái)的積極變化。從材料的選擇來(lái)看，作者對(duì)于帶薪請(qǐng)假政策持積極的態(tài)度，所以答案C正確。
參考譯文：
“我們不得不做出犧牲”
州政府愿意為停薪請(qǐng)假的人報(bào)銷帳單
上個(gè)月，吉納·加羅和布萊恩·杜普里希從哥倫比亞收養(yǎng)四個(gè)月大的安德烈時(shí)，這對(duì)夫婦決定請(qǐng)假照顧他。六年前，他們的女兒梅麗娜出生后，這家人靠著杜普里希作建筑工人每年36,000美元的薪水勉強(qiáng)度日，這樣，從事特殊教育教學(xué)的加羅就可以呆在家里照顧孩子。如今，因?yàn)榧恿_的工作能夠?yàn)榧彝ヌ峁┽t(yī)療健康保險(xiǎn)，她將在今年秋季回去工作，而讓杜普里希擺弄那些尿片和嬰兒奶瓶。他的老板同意他請(qǐng)假---但他必須為此放棄十八美元一小時(shí)的報(bào)酬。這可有些讓這個(gè)家庭犯難。雖然加羅40,000美元的年薪可以支付他們的抵押貸款，但夫婦倆卻不得不凍結(jié)他們的退休帳戶，減少梅麗娜的課后活動(dòng)開(kāi)支---還要禱告汽車別出問(wèn)題。“我們不再后顧無(wú)憂，”加羅說(shuō)道：“生活會(huì)變得很拮據(jù)。”
1993年頒布的《家庭醫(yī)療休假法》本來(lái)應(yīng)該幫助像加羅這樣的家庭，為那些請(qǐng)假照顧新生兒，治療重病或者照顧患病親人的員工提供一個(gè)安全保障?？墒?，法律雖然可以保證這些員工不至于丟掉工作，卻不能支付他們的薪水。去年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，雖然從1999年以來(lái)有4000萬(wàn)美國(guó)人請(qǐng)假，但還有270萬(wàn)想要請(qǐng)假，卻承受不起請(qǐng)假帶來(lái)的損失。要不了多久這種情況就會(huì)改變。目前至少有25個(gè)州正在探索提供帶薪休假的新途徑，以回應(yīng)選民日益增加的要求。一種可能就是利用州傷病基金。一些州---紐約州，新澤西，加利福尼亞，羅德島和夏威夷---已經(jīng)動(dòng)用傷病基金為請(qǐng)?jiān)挟a(chǎn)假的婦女提供部分工資。但這種舉措并不能幫助那些做父親的人和照料年邁父母的人。新澤西州和紐約州也許不久就會(huì)擴(kuò)大傷病基金計(jì)劃的覆蓋面，讓那些請(qǐng)假照料孩子的父親們和其他照料傷病親屬的人都能從中受益。包括亞利桑那州，伊利諾伊州和佛羅里達(dá)州在內(nèi)的十三個(gè)州已經(jīng)提議動(dòng)用失業(yè)基金來(lái)支付請(qǐng)假工資。
馬薩諸塞州的舉措尤具創(chuàng)意。當(dāng)該州的代理州長(zhǎng)，簡(jiǎn)·斯威夫特五月生下一對(duì)雙胞胎女兒的時(shí)候，她以自己“請(qǐng)產(chǎn)假”的方式引起人們對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。她在家通過(guò)電腦終端遠(yuǎn)程工作，做的是兼職工作，拿的卻是全職的薪水。在她上周重返工作崗位之前，州參議院就一致通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)試點(diǎn)方案，允許動(dòng)用失業(yè)人員醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃的剩余基金，讓剛生了孩子的父母可以拿一半工資，請(qǐng)假12周。眾議院提議的另外一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃則要求雇主為每個(gè)員工增加20美元工資，以便設(shè)立一個(gè)“新家庭信托基金”。作為回報(bào)，商業(yè)企業(yè)可以獲得稅金免除。這一周，預(yù)計(jì)斯威夫特將宣布她本人針對(duì)低收入母親和父親提出的帶薪請(qǐng)假計(jì)劃。民意測(cè)驗(yàn)顯示了廣泛的公眾支持---這是斯威夫特和其他國(guó)內(nèi)政治家樂(lè)意解決這一問(wèn)題的另外一個(gè)原因。
不過(guò)，并不是所有人都熱衷這種想法。一些沒(méi)有子女的人質(zhì)疑為什么剛生了孩子的父母---他們是許多提案當(dāng)中第一批獲得帶薪請(qǐng)假待遇的人---得到的政府補(bǔ)貼比他們的多。商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)抵制動(dòng)用失業(yè)基金的提案;一些機(jī)構(gòu)甚至已經(jīng)提起訴訟以阻止這些提案獲得通過(guò)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的減速，許多公司也說(shuō)他們無(wú)力為提議中的福利基金提供資金。商業(yè)企業(yè)的院外游說(shuō)成員說(shuō)有太多的員工已經(jīng)濫用現(xiàn)有的聯(lián)邦家庭醫(yī)療休假法，以許多可疑的借口請(qǐng)假，或者拖延一點(diǎn)請(qǐng)假時(shí)間。他們認(rèn)為該法律提案只會(huì)使情況變得更糟。
不過(guò)，對(duì)于加羅和杜普里希來(lái)說(shuō)，新的法律會(huì)使他們的境況大為不同。梅麗娜準(zhǔn)備一塊花生-黃油-果凍三明治的時(shí)候，杜普里希把懷中打盹的安德烈抱在胸前。“我們正在努力為兩個(gè)孩子創(chuàng)造好的條件，所以不得不做出犧牲，”杜普里希說(shuō)。在馬塞諸塞州和其他許多州，也許很快人們就會(huì)得到這樣的幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：AN UNPAID TAB IN FLORIDA
Bush spent million, but hasn't settled with his lawyers
Few lawyers did more to help George W. Bush become president than Barry Richard. As Bush's quarterback in the Florida courts during last fall's bruising r
ecount, the white-maned Tallahassee, Fla., litigator became a familiar figure to TV audiences. He got the GOP equivalent of rock-star treatment when he came to Washington last January for Bush's Inauguration. At one ball, recalls law partner Fred Baggett, a heavyset Texas woman lifted Richard off the floor and planted a big kiss on his cheek, exclaiming, "I love you for giving us our president!"
But Richard has discovered that the Bushies' gratitude has its limits. More than four months after the U.S. Supreme Court ended the 2000 election, he and his firm, Greenberg Traurig, are still owed more than 0,000 in legal fees. The firm, which sent 39 lawyers and 13 paralegals into court battles all over the state, is one of a dozen that have so far been stiffed. The estimated total tab: more than
參加考研英語(yǔ)的考試，試卷上自然會(huì)有閱讀理解，至于它是關(guān)于法律的還是經(jīng)濟(jì)的就不得而知了。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯，供大家參閱!
考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：A QUESTION OF PRIVACY
Behind the brewing war over protecting patients' records in an age of HMOs and online medicine.
Technology is a two-edged sword. Rarely is this as clear as it is in the r
ealm of health care. Technology allows doctors to test their patients for genetic defects--and then to turn around and spread the results throughout the world via the Internet. For someone in need of treatment, that's good news. But for someone in search of a job or an insurance policy, the tidings can be all bad.
Last week President Bill Clinton proposed a corollary to the patients' bill of rights now before Congress: a right to medical privacy. Beginning in 2002, under rules set to become law in February, patients would be able to stipulate the conditions under which their personal medical data could be divulged. They would be able to examine their records and make corrections. They could learn who else had seen the information. Improper use of records by a caregiver or insurer could result in both civil and criminal penalties. The plan was, said Clinton, "an unprecedented step toward putting Americans back in control of their own medical records."
While the administration billed the rules as an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of consumers and those of the health-care industry, neither doctors nor insurance companies were happy. The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was "health-care operations." That, physicians said, was a loophole through which HMOs and other insurers could pry into the doctor-patient relationship, in the name of assessing the quality of care. Meanwhile, the insurers protested that the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits. They were especially disturbed by a provision holding them liable for privacy breaches by "business partners" such as lawyers and accountants. Both groups agreed that privacy protections would drive up the cost of health care by at least an additional $3.8 billion, and maybe much more, over the next five years. They also complained about the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules' enforcement provisions.
One aim of the rules is to reassure patients about confidentiality, thereby encouraging them to be open with their doctors. Today various cancers and sexually transmitted diseases can go untreated because patients are afraid of embarrassment or of losing insurance coverage. The fear is real: Clinton aides noted that a January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates found that one in six U.S. adults had at some time done something unusual to conceal medical information, such as paying cash for services.
~~~~~~~~
By EVAN THOMAS Newsweek; 11/08/99, Vol. 134 Issue 19, p67, 1/2p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自By EVAN THOMAS Newsweek; 11/08/99, Vol. 134 Issue 19, p67, 1/2p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2003年真題text 2
1.The author begins his article with “technology is a two-edged sword” to _____________.
[A] show that doctor’s improper use of technology can end up in bad results
[B] call on people’s attention to the potential danger technology can bring to us
[C] warn of the harm patients are prone to suffer
[D] show the advantages and disadvantages of technology
2.According to the proposal made by President Clinton, patients will be able to do the following EXCEPT _____________.
[A] enjoy more rights to their medical records
[B] be open with their doctors
[C] decide how to use their medical information
[D] sue their insurers for improper use of their medical records
3.Doctors tend to think that the rules _____________.
[A] may ruin doctor-patient relationship
[B] can do more harm than good
[C] will prevent doctors from doing medical research
[D] will end up in more health care cost and poorer medical service
4.The example of the January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates is used to show that __________________.
[A] American patients’ concealment of their medical information has become a big concern
[B] a large portion of patients would rather leave their diseases untreated
[C] concealing medical information is widespread in the U.S.
[D] paying cash for medical service is a common practice among American patients
5.From the article we can learn that ________________.
[A] American government will tighten its control over the use of patients’ personal information.
[B] doctors and insurers are both against the rules for the same reasons
[C] patients are entitled to have complete control of their medical information
[D] the new rules put insurers in a very disadvantageous position
答案：ABBAD
篇章剖析
本文主要講述了病人醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)立法及其引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議，采用的是指出問(wèn)題---分析問(wèn)題的模式。作者首先說(shuō)明了病人醫(yī)療隱私泄露可能帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，接著談了提議中的病人醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)法案的內(nèi)容。在第三段作者說(shuō)明了反對(duì)該法案一方的觀點(diǎn)。最后一段則強(qiáng)調(diào)了新法規(guī)的宗旨和不立法可能造成的不良后果。
詞匯注釋
brewing [ `brU:IN ] adj. 醞釀中的;逐漸形成的;即將發(fā)生的
HMO: Health Maintenance Organization 醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)
tidings [5taIdINz] n. 消息
corollary [kE5rRlErI]n. 必然的結(jié)果;推論
stipulate [5stIpjJleIt] v. 規(guī)定，保證
divulge [daI5vQldV]v. 泄露, 暴露
bill [bIl]v. 宣布，宣告
managed-care plan: n. 管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃
loophole [5lu:phEJl]n. 漏洞
pry [praI]v. 探查，偵查，窺探
provision [prE5vIV(E)n]n. 規(guī)定
liable [5laIEb(E)l]adj. 有責(zé)任的
breach [bri:tF]n. 違背;不履行
難句突破
1.The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was "health-care operations."
主體句式：The doctors said …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句中pointing to 這個(gè)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)又包含了一個(gè)介詞without引出的方式狀語(yǔ)和由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，使得句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為復(fù)雜。
句子譯文：醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)實(shí)際上是在破壞隱私權(quán)，因?yàn)槠渲幸粭l規(guī)定允許管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃(managed-care plan)在“開(kāi)展醫(yī)療保健工作”時(shí)可以不經(jīng)許可使用個(gè)人信息。
題目分析
1.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。文章以醫(yī)生利用先進(jìn)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)傳播病人醫(yī)療信息會(huì)有助于治療某些病人的疾病，但同時(shí)又給一些病人在就業(yè)和購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)方面帶來(lái)困難為例說(shuō)明保護(hù)病人醫(yī)療信息的重要性，以及不當(dāng)使用技術(shù)可能帶來(lái)的不良后果。
2.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。”be open with their doctors ”只是這項(xiàng)法規(guī)試圖達(dá)到的效果，并不是該法規(guī)賦予病人的權(quán)利。因此答案應(yīng)該是B。
3.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章引用醫(yī)生的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為新法規(guī)不但不利于保護(hù)病人的隱私，反而會(huì)actually erode privacy，由此可見(jiàn)答案應(yīng)該是B。
4.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。前文講到了病人因?yàn)樾哂趩X或者擔(dān)心失去保險(xiǎn)賠付而隱瞞病情，使疾病得不到治療;然后說(shuō)The fear is real. 繼而引用普利斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)的調(diào)查結(jié)果，意在說(shuō)明這一問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。
5.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中提到保險(xiǎn)公司的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)時(shí)，引用了保險(xiǎn)公司的說(shuō)法：the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits.由此可見(jiàn)答案應(yīng)該是D。A項(xiàng)中提出的政府加強(qiáng)對(duì)病人私人信息的控制的說(shuō)法是不正確的，因?yàn)楸ｋU(xiǎn)公司抗議的是政府要加強(qiáng)對(duì)法規(guī)實(shí)施情況的審查(the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules' enforcement provisions)。
參考譯文:
一個(gè)隱私問(wèn)題
在醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)和在線醫(yī)療時(shí)代，即將發(fā)起的一場(chǎng)保護(hù)病人病歷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)背后的故事
技術(shù)是一把雙刃劍。這一點(diǎn)在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域尤為明顯。借助技術(shù)，醫(yī)生可以測(cè)試病人的遺傳缺陷---并通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很快將結(jié)果傳遍全世界。對(duì)于那些需要治療的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是好消息;但對(duì)于那些正在找工作，或者想要買一份保險(xiǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣的消息可能非常糟糕。
上周比爾·克林頓總統(tǒng)向國(guó)會(huì)提交了一份病人權(quán)利法案的推論：醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)。從2002年開(kāi)始，根據(jù)2月即將生效的法規(guī)，病人將有權(quán)規(guī)定透露其個(gè)人醫(yī)療資料的條件。他們可以檢查自己的病歷并進(jìn)行更正。他們也可以了解哪些人曾看過(guò)他們的信息。醫(yī)護(hù)人員或者保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)病歷使用不當(dāng)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致民事或者刑事處罰?？肆诸D說(shuō)，這一提案“在促使美國(guó)人重新獲得對(duì)自己的病歷控制權(quán)方面邁出了極其重要的一步。”
雖然政府稱這些法規(guī)旨在平衡消費(fèi)者和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的需求，但醫(yī)生和保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)此都頗有微詞。醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)實(shí)際上是在破壞隱私權(quán)，因?yàn)槠渲幸粭l規(guī)定允許管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃(managed-care plan)在“開(kāi)展醫(yī)療保健工作”時(shí)可以不經(jīng)許可使用個(gè)人信息。醫(yī)生們稱其為一個(gè)漏洞，它使得醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)(HMO)和其他保險(xiǎn)公司可以打著評(píng)估醫(yī)療保健質(zhì)量的旗號(hào)窺探醫(yī)患關(guān)系。同時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)公司也對(duì)這些法規(guī)持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，他們認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)很容易讓他們?nèi)巧瞎偎?。其中一條法規(guī)令他們尤為不滿，該法規(guī)規(guī)定：保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)律師和會(huì)計(jì)這樣的“商業(yè)伙伴”的侵犯隱私行為負(fù)責(zé)。這兩個(gè)群體都一致認(rèn)為，保護(hù)隱私會(huì)使醫(yī)療保健成本增加至少38億美元，在接下來(lái)的五年里也許還會(huì)增加更多。根據(jù)新法規(guī)的執(zhí)行條例，聯(lián)邦政府將加大對(duì)醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的審查力度，他們對(duì)此也表示不滿。
新法規(guī)的目標(biāo)之一就是要讓病人不再擔(dān)心自己的隱私被泄漏，從而鼓勵(lì)他們對(duì)醫(yī)生坦誠(chéng)相告。今天各種各樣的癌癥和性病可能會(huì)因?yàn)椴∪诵哂趩X或者擔(dān)心失去保險(xiǎn)賠付而得不到治療。這種擔(dān)心并非無(wú)中生有：克林頓的助手補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，由普林斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)在一月份進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)民意測(cè)試顯示，在美國(guó)，每六個(gè)成年人中就有一個(gè)曾經(jīng)做過(guò)刻意隱瞞醫(yī)療信息的事情，比如用現(xiàn)金支付服務(wù)費(fèi)。
考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：WE HAVE TO SACRIFICE
States offer to pick up the tab for unpaid leave
When Gina Garro and Brian Duplisea adopted 4-month-old Andres from Colombia last month, they were determined to take time off from work to care for him. S
ix years ago, after their daughter, Melina, was born, the family scraped by on Duplisea's $36,000 salary as a construction worker so Garro, a special-education teacher, could stay home. Now, since Garro's job furnishes the family health insurance, she'll head back to work this fall while Duplisea juggles diapers and baby bottles. His boss agreed to the time off--but he will have to forgo his $18-an-hour pay. It won't be easy. Though Garro's $40,000 salary will cover their mortgage, the couple will have to freeze their retirement accounts, scale back on Melina's after-school activities--and pray that nothing goes wrong with the car. "It takes away from your cushion and your security," says Garro. "Things will be tight."
The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro's, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives. But while the law guarantees that workers won't lose their jobs, it doesn't cover their paychecks. One survey last year showed that while 24 million Americans had taken leaves since 1999, 2.7 million more wanted to, but couldn't afford it. That may change soon. In response to increasing demands from voters, at least 25 states are now exploring new ways to offer paid leave. One possibility: tapping state disability funds. A handful of states--New York, New Jersey, California, Rhode Island and Hawaii--already dip into disability money to offer partial pay for women on maternity leave. But that doesn't help dads or people caring for elderly parents. New Jersey and New York may soon expand disability programs to cover leave for fathers and other caretakers. Thirteen states, including Arizona, Illinois and Florida, have proposed using unemployment funds to pay for leave.
Massachusetts has been especially creative. When the state's acting governor, Jane Swift, gave birth to twin daughters in May, she drew attention to the issue with her own "working maternity leave": she telecommuted part-time but earned her usual full-time salary. Even before Swift returned to work last week, the state Senate unanimously passed a pilot plan that would use surplus funds from a health-insurance program for the unemployed to give new parents 12 weeks off at half pay. Another plan, proposed in the House, would require employers to kick in $20 per worker to set up a "New Families Trust Fund." Businesses would get tax credits in return. This week Swift is expected to announce her own paid-leave plan for lower-income mothers and fathers. Polls show widespread public support--another reason Swift and other politicians across the country have embraced the issue.
Still, not everyone's wild about the idea. People without children question why new parents--the first group to get paid leave under many of the proposed plans--should get more government perks than they do. Business groups are resistant to proposals that would raid unemployment funds; several have already filed suit to block them. As the economy slows, many companies say they can't afford to contribute to proposed new benefit funds either. Business lobbyists say too many employees already abuse existing federal family-leave laws by taking time off for dubious reasons or in tiny time increments. The proposed laws, they say, would only make matters worse.
For Garro and Duplisea, though, the new laws could make all the difference. As Melina fixes a peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich, Duplisea hugs a snoozing Andres against his T shirt. "We're trying to do the right thing by two kids, and we have to sacrifice," Duplisea says. In Massachusetts and plenty of other states, help may be on the way.
Newsweek; 8/27/2001, Vol. 138 Issue 9, p46, 1p, 1c
注(1) 本文選自Newsweek;8/27/2001, Vol. 138 Issue 9, p46, 1p, 1c
注(2) 本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1997年真題text 1(1，2，3，5題)，第4題模仿1997年真題text 3 的第2題。
1.From the first paragraph, we learn that __________________.
[A] Garro and Duplisea used to live a comfortable and easy life.
[B] Duplisea’s boss is so considerate as to allow him to keep his job
[C] Garro can earn more money so she should go back to work.
[D] The couple have made a lot of sacrifices to take care of their children.
2.When Garro says “It takes away from your cushion and your security”, she means _____________________.
[A] it exhausts her family savings
[B] it plunges her family into financial trouble
[C] it deprives her children of health insurance
[D] it makes her feel insecure
3.If Garro lives in Massachusetts, she will ___________________.
[A] have 12 weeks off at half pay
[B] telecommute part-time but earn full-time salary
[C] leave her job without pay to take care of her kids
[D] get $20 from her employer for her leave
4.The word “perk” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means _______________.
[A] grant
[B] policy
[C] encouragement
[D] reward
5.The author’s attitude towards paid leave seems to be that of _________________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval
[D] indifference
答案：DBAAC
篇章剖析
本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹帶薪請(qǐng)假政策的起因，制定和實(shí)施情況，以及所面臨的問(wèn)題和反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。文章首先以加羅一家的經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明停薪請(qǐng)假的人所面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。然后在第二，第三段介紹了一下各州針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的解決方案。第四段介紹了反對(duì)者的態(tài)度和看法，最后一段再次以加羅一家的情況來(lái)說(shuō)明帶薪請(qǐng)假政策可能帶來(lái)的積極變化，并且呼應(yīng)了文章開(kāi)頭部分，以此作為結(jié)尾，使得全文層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
詞匯注釋
scrape [skreIp]v. (常與along, by, through連用)勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì);勉強(qiáng)通過(guò)
furnish[5f\:nIF]v. 供應(yīng), 提供
juggle[5dVQ^(E)l]v. 耍，弄
diaper[`daIEpE(r)]n. 尿布
forgo[fC:5^EJ]v. 拋棄;放棄
cushion[5kJF(E)n] n. 緩沖，減輕或緩和不利后果的東西：
tap [tAp]v. 開(kāi)發(fā);利用
maternity[mE5t\:nItI]adj. 母性的，初為人母的孕婦的;適合于孕婦的，生小孩或成為母親的第一個(gè)月的
telecommute[9telIkE`mjU:t ]v. (在家里通過(guò)使用與工作單位連接的計(jì)算機(jī)終端)遠(yuǎn)距離工作
pilot plan 試點(diǎn)方案
kick in 參與提供資金和其他幫助的活動(dòng)中去
tax credit 稅金免除
perk[p\:k]n. 額外津貼 (亦作： perquisite)
raid[reId]v. 侵吞
lobbyist[5lRbIIst]n. 院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)成員;說(shuō)客
increment[5InkrImEnt]n. 增加, 增量
難句突破：
1.The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro's, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives.
主體句式：The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，既包括從句，也包括分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。be supposed to do something 表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”等。safety net 原義是防止墜落受傷的“安全網(wǎng)”，在此引申為“安全保障”。
句子譯文：1993年頒布的《家庭醫(yī)療休假法》本來(lái)應(yīng)該幫助像加羅這樣的家庭，為那些請(qǐng)假照顧新生兒，治療重病或者照顧患病親人的員工提供一個(gè)安全保障。
題目分析：
1. 答案為D,屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第一段。為了照顧兩個(gè)孩子，這一對(duì)夫婦倆做出了許多選擇。這些選擇大都意味著做出一定犧牲，比如請(qǐng)假在家照顧孩子，收入減少，凍結(jié)養(yǎng)老金帳戶，減少孩子課外活動(dòng)開(kāi)支等。
2. 答案為B，屬判斷推理題。 從第一段列舉的事實(shí)來(lái)看，加羅夫婦不得不凍結(jié)養(yǎng)老金帳號(hào)，減少梅麗娜的課后活動(dòng)開(kāi)支---還要禱告汽車別出問(wèn)題?？梢?jiàn)請(qǐng)假照顧孩子給他們帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。答案B正確。
3. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。內(nèi)容涉及馬薩諸塞州最近通過(guò)的一項(xiàng)議案。原文參照第三段第五行。
4. 答案為A，屬猜詞題。從第二，第三段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，各州政府試圖動(dòng)用各種基金對(duì)請(qǐng)假照料新生嬰兒的父母進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助，因此A項(xiàng)在意義上最符合。
5. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。本文重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明了停薪請(qǐng)假人所面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，以及各州的解決方案。并在最后一段說(shuō)明帶薪請(qǐng)假政策可能帶來(lái)的積極變化。從材料的選擇來(lái)看，作者對(duì)于帶薪請(qǐng)假政策持積極的態(tài)度，所以答案C正確。
參考譯文：
“我們不得不做出犧牲”
州政府愿意為停薪請(qǐng)假的人報(bào)銷帳單
上個(gè)月，吉納·加羅和布萊恩·杜普里希從哥倫比亞收養(yǎng)四個(gè)月大的安德烈時(shí)，這對(duì)夫婦決定請(qǐng)假照顧他。六年前，他們的女兒梅麗娜出生后，這家人靠著杜普里希作建筑工人每年36,000美元的薪水勉強(qiáng)度日，這樣，從事特殊教育教學(xué)的加羅就可以呆在家里照顧孩子。如今，因?yàn)榧恿_的工作能夠?yàn)榧彝ヌ峁┽t(yī)療健康保險(xiǎn)，她將在今年秋季回去工作，而讓杜普里希擺弄那些尿片和嬰兒奶瓶。他的老板同意他請(qǐng)假---但他必須為此放棄十八美元一小時(shí)的報(bào)酬。這可有些讓這個(gè)家庭犯難。雖然加羅40,000美元的年薪可以支付他們的抵押貸款，但夫婦倆卻不得不凍結(jié)他們的退休帳戶，減少梅麗娜的課后活動(dòng)開(kāi)支---還要禱告汽車別出問(wèn)題。“我們不再后顧無(wú)憂，”加羅說(shuō)道：“生活會(huì)變得很拮據(jù)。”
1993年頒布的《家庭醫(yī)療休假法》本來(lái)應(yīng)該幫助像加羅這樣的家庭，為那些請(qǐng)假照顧新生兒，治療重病或者照顧患病親人的員工提供一個(gè)安全保障?？墒牵呻m然可以保證這些員工不至于丟掉工作，卻不能支付他們的薪水。去年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，雖然從1999年以來(lái)有4000萬(wàn)美國(guó)人請(qǐng)假，但還有270萬(wàn)想要請(qǐng)假，卻承受不起請(qǐng)假帶來(lái)的損失。要不了多久這種情況就會(huì)改變。目前至少有25個(gè)州正在探索提供帶薪休假的新途徑，以回應(yīng)選民日益增加的要求。一種可能就是利用州傷病基金。一些州---紐約州，新澤西，加利福尼亞，羅德島和夏威夷---已經(jīng)動(dòng)用傷病基金為請(qǐng)?jiān)挟a(chǎn)假的婦女提供部分工資。但這種舉措并不能幫助那些做父親的人和照料年邁父母的人。新澤西州和紐約州也許不久就會(huì)擴(kuò)大傷病基金計(jì)劃的覆蓋面，讓那些請(qǐng)假照料孩子的父親們和其他照料傷病親屬的人都能從中受益。包括亞利桑那州，伊利諾伊州和佛羅里達(dá)州在內(nèi)的十三個(gè)州已經(jīng)提議動(dòng)用失業(yè)基金來(lái)支付請(qǐng)假工資。
馬薩諸塞州的舉措尤具創(chuàng)意。當(dāng)該州的代理州長(zhǎng)，簡(jiǎn)·斯威夫特五月生下一對(duì)雙胞胎女兒的時(shí)候，她以自己“請(qǐng)產(chǎn)假”的方式引起人們對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。她在家通過(guò)電腦終端遠(yuǎn)程工作，做的是兼職工作，拿的卻是全職的薪水。在她上周重返工作崗位之前，州參議院就一致通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)試點(diǎn)方案，允許動(dòng)用失業(yè)人員醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃的剩余基金，讓剛生了孩子的父母可以拿一半工資，請(qǐng)假12周。眾議院提議的另外一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃則要求雇主為每個(gè)員工增加20美元工資，以便設(shè)立一個(gè)“新家庭信托基金”。作為回報(bào)，商業(yè)企業(yè)可以獲得稅金免除。這一周，預(yù)計(jì)斯威夫特將宣布她本人針對(duì)低收入母親和父親提出的帶薪請(qǐng)假計(jì)劃。民意測(cè)驗(yàn)顯示了廣泛的公眾支持---這是斯威夫特和其他國(guó)內(nèi)政治家樂(lè)意解決這一問(wèn)題的另外一個(gè)原因。
不過(guò)，并不是所有人都熱衷這種想法。一些沒(méi)有子女的人質(zhì)疑為什么剛生了孩子的父母---他們是許多提案當(dāng)中第一批獲得帶薪請(qǐng)假待遇的人---得到的政府補(bǔ)貼比他們的多。商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)抵制動(dòng)用失業(yè)基金的提案;一些機(jī)構(gòu)甚至已經(jīng)提起訴訟以阻止這些提案獲得通過(guò)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的減速，許多公司也說(shuō)他們無(wú)力為提議中的福利基金提供資金。商業(yè)企業(yè)的院外游說(shuō)成員說(shuō)有太多的員工已經(jīng)濫用現(xiàn)有的聯(lián)邦家庭醫(yī)療休假法，以許多可疑的借口請(qǐng)假，或者拖延一點(diǎn)請(qǐng)假時(shí)間。他們認(rèn)為該法律提案只會(huì)使情況變得更糟。
不過(guò)，對(duì)于加羅和杜普里希來(lái)說(shuō)，新的法律會(huì)使他們的境況大為不同。梅麗娜準(zhǔn)備一塊花生-黃油-果凍三明治的時(shí)候，杜普里希把懷中打盹的安德烈抱在胸前。“我們正在努力為兩個(gè)孩子創(chuàng)造好的條件，所以不得不做出犧牲，”杜普里希說(shuō)。在馬塞諸塞州和其他許多州，也許很快人們就會(huì)得到這樣的幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：AN UNPAID TAB IN FLORIDA
Bush spent $8 million, but hasn't settled with his lawyers
Few lawyers did more to help George W. Bush become president than Barry Richard. As Bush's quarterback in the Florida courts during last fall's bruising r
ecount, the white-maned Tallahassee, Fla., litigator became a familiar figure to TV audiences. He got the GOP equivalent of rock-star treatment when he came to Washington last January for Bush's Inauguration. At one ball, recalls law partner Fred Baggett, a heavyset Texas woman lifted Richard off the floor and planted a big kiss on his cheek, exclaiming, "I love you for giving us our president!"
But Richard has discovered that the Bushies' gratitude has its limits. More than four months after the U.S. Supreme Court ended the 2000 election, he and his firm, Greenberg Traurig, are still owed more than $800,000 in legal fees. The firm, which sent 39 lawyers and 13 paralegals into court battles all over the state, is one of a dozen that have so far been stiffed. The estimated total tab: more than $2 million. The situation, NEWSWEEK has learned, has gotten increasingly sticky. While lawyers complain privately about foot dragging (Richard says he's not among them), Bush advisers are griping about "astronomical" bills--including one from a litigator who charged for more than 24 hours of work in a single day. "What you've got here is a bunch of rich lawyers bellyaching," says one former Bush campaign official. "Yet these guys got huge in-kind contributions to their reputations out of this."
The lawyers were supposed to get their money from the Bush Recount Committee, a fund-raising vehicle set up when the Florida fight began. A nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected $8.3 million--more than twice the $3.9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers. To avoid charges that the recount was being bankrolled by special interests, the Bushies imposed a $5,000 cap on individual donations, a PR gesture they now regret. After paying off caterers, air charters and the army of GOP Hill types who came to Florida as "observers," the "kitty ran dry," says one source.
The Bush camp says it intends to pay up. But Ben Ginsberg, the former chief campaign counsel who has inherited the mess, hasn't yet figured out how. As for the law firms, they are taking pains not to alienate their deadbeat clients, for fear of damaging their burgeoning Washington lobbying practices. Greenberg Traurig now represents electric power companies, drug manufacturers and Internet gambling interests willing to pay big money for access to policymakers. Whether Richard and company collect or not, that $800,000 could end up being a smart investment.
~~~~~~~~
By Michael Isikoff hn Barry Newsweek; 04/23/2001, Vol. 137 Issue 17, p28, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)： 本文選自Newsweek; 04/23/2001, Vol. 137 Issue 17, p28, 2/3p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1995年真題text 3(1，2，3，5題)，第4題模仿1995年真題text 4 的第1題。
1.The word “quarterback” (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means ______________.
[A] supporter
[B] counsel
[C] assistant
[D] adviser
2.The main problem Richard is facing now is __________________.
[A] the ingratitude of the Bushies
[B] the complaints of his law partners
[C] the unpaid bills
[D] Bush advisers’ criticism
3.From the passage we can infer that _____________.
[A] Lawyers also benefited a lot from working for the Bush Camp.
[B] Al Gore lost the recount case because his Recount Committee raised far fewer funds than that of Bush’s.
[C] Texan women are all very proud of having Bush as their president.
[D] The Bushies intend to become deadbeat clients because it does no harm to their relationship with law firms.
4.According to the passage, the Bush Recount Committee ________________.
[A] spent all the raised money to pay its lawyers.
[B] had got most of its funds from individuals.
[C] could have raised more money if they hadn’t imposed a cap on individual donations.
[D] had to pay the bills of the army for their help in Bush’s election.
5.We can learn from the last paragraph that _________________.
[A] The Bush camp also owes electrical power companies and drug manufacturers a lot of money.
[B] Richard and his company have invested their legal fees to expand their business.
[C] Greenberg Traurig works for electric power companies, drug manufacturers and Internet gambling interests.
[D] Law firms don’t want to lose influential clients even if they don’t pay off their legal fees.
答案：BCACD
篇章剖析
本文說(shuō)明文，采用提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題的寫作模式。在第一段，作者介紹了Barry Richard，這個(gè)幫助布什贏得選舉的重要人物。第二段則說(shuō)明了他和他的法律公司所面臨的問(wèn)題：布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)尚未支付他們的律師費(fèi)。第三段介紹了布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)的工作及其資金使用情況。第四段則分析說(shuō)明即使該法律公司收不回律師費(fèi)，他們?nèi)匀恍枰S持和這種客戶的關(guān)系。
詞匯注釋
quarterback [5kwC:tEbAk] n. [橄欖球] 四分衛(wèi);關(guān)鍵人物;智囊
bruising [5bru:zIN]adj. 困難的;令人不快的
mane [meIn]n. (人的)長(zhǎng)頭發(fā);鬃毛
Tallahassee[9tAlE`hAsI]n. 塔拉哈西[美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州首府]
litigator[5lItI^eItE]n. 訴訟律師
GOP Grand Old Party 大老黨(美國(guó)共和黨的別稱)
paralegal[9pArE`li:^El,`pArEl-]n. 律師的專職助手, 律師幫辦
stiff[stIf]v. [美俚]不肯給 ... 小賬, 讓...空手而去;失信沒(méi)給予或供給(擔(dān)保的或期望的東西)
astronomical[AstrE5nRmIk(E)l]adj. 龐大無(wú)法估計(jì)的
bellyache[5belIeIk]v. 發(fā)(不該發(fā)的)牢騷，抱怨
nebulous[5nebjJlEs]adj. 含糊的，模糊的;曖昧的
bankroll[`bANkrEJl]v. 為…提供資金承擔(dān)(如企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn))的花費(fèi)
PR 公共關(guān)系 (public relation)
caterer[5keItErE(r)]n. 包辦伙食的人; 籌備文娛節(jié)目的人
deadbeat [5dedbi:t] n. <俗>賴債不還的人, 游手好閑者
burgeon [5b\:dV(E)n]v. (迅速)成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展
難句突破：
1.A nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected $8.3 million--more than twice the $3.9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers.
主體句式：the committee and its chief fund-raiser… swiftly collected …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個(gè)包含同位語(yǔ)和附近說(shuō)明的長(zhǎng)句。a nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money 是委員會(huì)的同位語(yǔ)，起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，而破折號(hào)之后的成分也是對(duì)句子的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
句子譯文：法律不要求這個(gè)性質(zhì)模糊的機(jī)構(gòu)透露其使用資金的情況。該委員會(huì)和它的主要籌資人，得克薩斯州石油商(現(xiàn)商務(wù)秘書)唐·伊萬(wàn)斯很快就籌集了830萬(wàn)美元---是艾爾·戈?duì)栔匦掠?jì)票委員會(huì)所籌集的390萬(wàn)美元資金的兩倍還多，并用這筆錢來(lái)支付律師費(fèi)用。
題目分析：
1. 答案是B，屬猜詞題。 根據(jù)上下文，Richard作為訴訟律師為布什在佛羅里達(dá)法庭的成功立下了汗馬功勞。quarterback原義是橄欖球比賽中的四分衛(wèi)，是球賽中的關(guān)鍵人物，這里則是指在法庭中為布什效力的辯護(hù)律師，是在法庭中勝訴的關(guān)鍵人物。counsel有辯護(hù)律師的意義，詞義最為接近。
2. 答案是C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段提到了布什陣營(yíng)向Richard的公司拖欠的巨額律師費(fèi)以及由此引發(fā)的抱怨和布什競(jìng)選班子的辯解，可見(jiàn)其面臨的主要問(wèn)題是賬單未付清的問(wèn)題。
3. 答案是A，屬推理判斷題。這從第二段引用布什競(jìng)選班子成員的話：“Yet these guys got huge in-kind contributions to their reputations out of this.”和最后一段that $800,000 could end up being a smart investment兩句中可以看出律師事務(wù)所和律師們都從其為布什陣營(yíng)的服務(wù)中獲益非淺。
4. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。文章第三段提到布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)設(shè)置了個(gè)人捐助的上限(imposed a $5,000 cap on individual donations)，并為此后悔。在第三段結(jié)尾處講到在付完各種費(fèi)用后，他們的資金已經(jīng)所剩無(wú)幾(the "kitty ran dry")，由此可以推斷出答案C。
5. 答案是D，屬推理判斷題。從最后一段As for the law firms, they are taking pains not to alienate their deadbeat clients, for fear of damaging their burgeoning Washington lobbying practices.來(lái)看，為了華盛頓的業(yè)務(wù)，律師事務(wù)所還不得不拉攏賴賬的客戶。所以答案D是正確的。
參考譯文：
佛羅里達(dá)的一份未支付的賬單
布什花了八百萬(wàn)美元，但還沒(méi)有結(jié)清律師費(fèi)
為了幫助喬治·W·布什成為總統(tǒng)，巴里·理查德作了比大多數(shù)律師都要多的工作。作為在去年秋天那場(chǎng)難解難分的重新計(jì)票風(fēng)波中布什的法庭辯護(hù)律師，這位佛羅里達(dá)州塔拉哈西市的訴訟律師成了電視觀眾熟悉的人物。去年一月他到華盛頓參加布什就職典禮的時(shí)候，得到了共和黨對(duì)待搖滾歌星的待遇。據(jù)他的律師合伙人弗萊德·巴格特回憶，在一場(chǎng)舞會(huì)中，一位體格壯實(shí)的得克薩斯婦女將理查德舉了起來(lái)，在他臉上重重地吻了一下，并且大聲說(shuō)道：“你成就了我們的總統(tǒng)，我愛(ài)你!”
但理查德發(fā)現(xiàn)布什們的感激是有限的。在美國(guó)最高法院裁定2000年選舉最終獲勝者四個(gè)多月后，他和他的“格林伯格·特里格”公司仍然被拖欠了超過(guò)80萬(wàn)美元的法律服務(wù)費(fèi)。他的公司將39名律師和13名律師助手派往全州各地參與法庭辯論，現(xiàn)在和其他十幾家公司一樣沒(méi)有收到勞務(wù)費(fèi)。估計(jì)拖欠費(fèi)用總計(jì)已經(jīng)超過(guò)了200萬(wàn)美元。據(jù)《新聞周刊》了解，現(xiàn)在這種局面已經(jīng)變得越來(lái)越困難。雖然律師們私下對(duì)拖延付費(fèi)頗有微詞(理查德說(shuō)他沒(méi)有抱怨過(guò))，布什的顧問(wèn)手里還有一大把“天文數(shù)字”的賬單---包括一位訴訟律師開(kāi)出的每天超過(guò)24小時(shí)工作費(fèi)的賬單。“在這里的都是些收入不菲還抱怨個(gè)不停的律師。”一位前布什競(jìng)選班子的官員說(shuō)道，“可是這些人還從這項(xiàng)工作中得到了提高他們聲望的巨大實(shí)惠。”
這些律師應(yīng)該從布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)那里拿到他們的報(bào)酬。該委員會(huì)成立于佛羅里達(dá)之爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，其主要工作就是籌集資金。法律不要求這個(gè)性質(zhì)模糊的機(jī)構(gòu)透露其使用資金的情況。該委員會(huì)和它的主要籌資人，得克薩斯州石油商(現(xiàn)商務(wù)秘書)唐·伊萬(wàn)斯很快就籌集了830萬(wàn)美元---是艾爾·戈?duì)栔匦掠?jì)票委員會(huì)所籌集的390萬(wàn)美元資金的兩倍還多，并用這筆錢來(lái)支付律師費(fèi)用。為了避免被指控其重新計(jì)票工作獲得特殊利益集團(tuán)的資助，布什班子對(duì)個(gè)人捐款設(shè)置5000美元的上限，現(xiàn)在他們正為這種公關(guān)姿態(tài)后悔不已。在付清了包辦伙食人，包租飛機(jī)的人以及到佛羅里達(dá)“觀察”助陣的共和黨議員團(tuán)的帳單之后，“籌集的資金已經(jīng)所剩無(wú)幾”，一位知情人說(shuō)道。
布什陣營(yíng)說(shuō)他們想要付清賬單。但前競(jìng)選顧問(wèn)本·金斯伯格面對(duì)著接手的一團(tuán)糟局面還沒(méi)有理出頭緒。至于那些法律事務(wù)所，他們正在盡力不疏遠(yuǎn)那些賴賬的客戶，以免損害他們?cè)谌A盛頓剛剛起步的院外游說(shuō)業(yè)務(wù)。“格林伯格·特里格”公司代表著那些愿意出巨資來(lái)接近政策制定者的電力公司，藥品制造商和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)博彩行業(yè)。不論理查德及其公司能不能收回法律服務(wù)費(fèi)，那80萬(wàn)美元都是一筆精明的投資。
看過(guò)考研英語(yǔ)法律類閱讀理解及原文翻譯的人還看了：
5.考研英語(yǔ)閱讀復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
million. The situation, NEWSWEEK has learned, has gotten increasingly sticky. While lawyers complain privately about foot dragging (Richard says he's not among them), Bush advisers are griping about "astronomical" bills--including one from a litigator who charged for more than 24 hours of work in a single day. "What you've got here is a bunch of rich lawyers bellyaching," says one former Bush campaign official. "Yet these guys got huge in-kind contributions to their reputations out of this."The lawyers were supposed to get their money from the Bush Recount Committee, a fund-raising vehicle set up when the Florida fight began. A nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected .3 million--more than twice the .9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers. To avoid charges that the recount was being bankrolled by special interests, the Bushies imposed a ,000 cap on individual donations, a PR gesture they now regret. After paying off caterers, air charters and the army of GOP Hill types who came to Florida as "observers," the "kitty ran dry," says one source.
The Bush camp says it intends to pay up. But Ben Ginsberg, the former chief campaign counsel who has inherited the mess, hasn't yet figured out how. As for the law firms, they are taking pains not to alienate their deadbeat clients, for fear of damaging their burgeoning Washington lobbying practices. Greenberg Traurig now represents electric power companies, drug manufacturers and Internet gambling interests willing to pay big money for access to policymakers. Whether Richard and company collect or not, that 0,000 could end up being a smart investment.
~~~~~~~~
By Michael Isikoff hn Barry Newsweek; 04/23/2001, Vol. 137 Issue 17, p28, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)： 本文選自Newsweek; 04/23/2001, Vol. 137 Issue 17, p28, 2/3p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1995年真題text 3(1，2，3，5題)，第4題模仿1995年真題text 4 的第1題。
1.The word “quarterback” (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means ______________.
[A] supporter
[B] counsel
[C] assistant
[D] adviser
2.The main problem Richard is facing now is __________________.
[A] the ingratitude of the Bushies
[B] the complaints of his law partners
[C] the unpaid bills
[D] Bush advisers’ criticism
3.From the passage we can infer that _____________.
[A] Lawyers also benefited a lot from working for the Bush Camp.
[B] Al Gore lost the recount case because his Recount Committee raised far fewer funds than that of Bush’s.
[C] Texan women are all very proud of having Bush as their president.
[D] The Bushies intend to become deadbeat clients because it does no harm to their relationship with law firms.
4.According to the passage, the Bush Recount Committee ________________.
[A] spent all the raised money to pay its lawyers.
[B] had got most of its funds from individuals.
[C] could have raised more money if they hadn’t imposed a cap on individual donations.
[D] had to pay the bills of the army for their help in Bush’s election.
5.We can learn from the last paragraph that _________________.
[A] The Bush camp also owes electrical power companies and drug manufacturers a lot of money.
[B] Richard and his company have invested their legal fees to expand their business.
[C] Greenberg Traurig works for electric power companies, drug manufacturers and Internet gambling interests.
[D] Law firms don’t want to lose influential clients even if they don’t pay off their legal fees.
答案：BCACD
篇章剖析
本文說(shuō)明文，采用提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題的寫作模式。在第一段，作者介紹了Barry Richard，這個(gè)幫助布什贏得選舉的重要人物。第二段則說(shuō)明了他和他的法律公司所面臨的問(wèn)題：布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)尚未支付他們的律師費(fèi)。第三段介紹了布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)的工作及其資金使用情況。第四段則分析說(shuō)明即使該法律公司收不回律師費(fèi)，他們?nèi)匀恍枰S持和這種客戶的關(guān)系。
詞匯注釋
quarterback [5kwC:tEbAk] n. [橄欖球] 四分衛(wèi);關(guān)鍵人物;智囊
bruising [5bru:zIN]adj. 困難的;令人不快的
mane [meIn]n. (人的)長(zhǎng)頭發(fā);鬃毛
Tallahassee[9tAlE`hAsI]n. 塔拉哈西[美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州首府]
litigator[5lItI^eItE]n. 訴訟律師
GOP Grand Old Party 大老黨(美國(guó)共和黨的別稱)
paralegal[9pArE`li:^El,`pArEl-]n. 律師的專職助手, 律師幫辦
stiff[stIf]v. [美俚]不肯給 ... 小賬, 讓...空手而去;失信沒(méi)給予或供給(擔(dān)保的或期望的東西)
astronomical[AstrE5nRmIk(E)l]adj. 龐大無(wú)法估計(jì)的
bellyache[5belIeIk]v. 發(fā)(不該發(fā)的)牢騷，抱怨
nebulous[5nebjJlEs]adj. 含糊的，模糊的;曖昧的
bankroll[`bANkrEJl]v. 為…提供資金承擔(dān)(如企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn))的花費(fèi)
PR 公共關(guān)系 (public relation)
caterer[5keItErE(r)]n. 包辦伙食的人; 籌備文娛節(jié)目的人
deadbeat [5dedbi:t] n. <俗>賴債不還的人, 游手好閑者
burgeon [5b\:dV(E)n]v. (迅速)成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展
難句突破：
1.A nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected .3 million--more than twice the .9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers.
主體句式：the committee and its chief fund-raiser… swiftly collected …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個(gè)包含同位語(yǔ)和附近說(shuō)明的長(zhǎng)句。a nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money 是委員會(huì)的同位語(yǔ)，起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，而破折號(hào)之后的成分也是對(duì)句子的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
句子譯文：法律不要求這個(gè)性質(zhì)模糊的機(jī)構(gòu)透露其使用資金的情況。該委員會(huì)和它的主要籌資人，得克薩斯州石油商(現(xiàn)商務(wù)秘書)唐·伊萬(wàn)斯很快就籌集了830萬(wàn)美元---是艾爾·戈?duì)栔匦掠?jì)票委員會(huì)所籌集的390萬(wàn)美元資金的兩倍還多，并用這筆錢來(lái)支付律師費(fèi)用。
題目分析：
1. 答案是B，屬猜詞題。 根據(jù)上下文，Richard作為訴訟律師為布什在佛羅里達(dá)法庭的成功立下了汗馬功勞。quarterback原義是橄欖球比賽中的四分衛(wèi)，是球賽中的關(guān)鍵人物，這里則是指在法庭中為布什效力的辯護(hù)律師，是在法庭中勝訴的關(guān)鍵人物。counsel有辯護(hù)律師的意義，詞義最為接近。
2. 答案是C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段提到了布什陣營(yíng)向Richard的公司拖欠的巨額律師費(fèi)以及由此引發(fā)的抱怨和布什競(jìng)選班子的辯解，可見(jiàn)其面臨的主要問(wèn)題是賬單未付清的問(wèn)題。
3. 答案是A，屬推理判斷題。這從第二段引用布什競(jìng)選班子成員的話：“Yet these guys got huge in-kind contributions to their reputations out of this.”和最后一段that 0,000 could end up being a smart investment兩句中可以看出律師事務(wù)所和律師們都從其為布什陣營(yíng)的服務(wù)中獲益非淺。
4. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。文章第三段提到布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)設(shè)置了個(gè)人捐助的上限(imposed a ,000 cap on individual donations)，并為此后悔。在第三段結(jié)尾處講到在付完各種費(fèi)用后，他們的資金已經(jīng)所剩無(wú)幾(the "kitty ran dry")，由此可以推斷出答案C。
5. 答案是D，屬推理判斷題。從最后一段As for the law firms, they are taking pains not to alienate their deadbeat clients, for fear of damaging their burgeoning Washington lobbying practices.來(lái)看，為了華盛頓的業(yè)務(wù)，律師事務(wù)所還不得不拉攏賴賬的客戶。所以答案D是正確的。
參考譯文：
佛羅里達(dá)的一份未支付的賬單
布什花了八百萬(wàn)美元，但還沒(méi)有結(jié)清律師費(fèi)
為了幫助喬治·W·布什成為總統(tǒng)，巴里·理查德作了比大多數(shù)律師都要多的工作。作為在去年秋天那場(chǎng)難解難分的重新計(jì)票風(fēng)波中布什的法庭辯護(hù)律師，這位佛羅里達(dá)州塔拉哈西市的訴訟律師成了電視觀眾熟悉的人物。去年一月他到華盛頓參加布什就職典禮的時(shí)候，得到了共和黨對(duì)待搖滾歌星的待遇。據(jù)他的律師合伙人弗萊德·巴格特回憶，在一場(chǎng)舞會(huì)中，一位體格壯實(shí)的得克薩斯婦女將理查德舉了起來(lái)，在他臉上重重地吻了一下，并且大聲說(shuō)道：“你成就了我們的總統(tǒng)，我愛(ài)你!”
但理查德發(fā)現(xiàn)布什們的感激是有限的。在美國(guó)最高法院裁定2000年選舉最終獲勝者四個(gè)多月后，他和他的“格林伯格·特里格”公司仍然被拖欠了超過(guò)80萬(wàn)美元的法律服務(wù)費(fèi)。他的公司將39名律師和13名律師助手派往全州各地參與法庭辯論，現(xiàn)在和其他十幾家公司一樣沒(méi)有收到勞務(wù)費(fèi)。估計(jì)拖欠費(fèi)用總計(jì)已經(jīng)超過(guò)了200萬(wàn)美元。據(jù)《新聞周刊》了解，現(xiàn)在這種局面已經(jīng)變得越來(lái)越困難。雖然律師們私下對(duì)拖延付費(fèi)頗有微詞(理查德說(shuō)他沒(méi)有抱怨過(guò))，布什的顧問(wèn)手里還有一大把“天文數(shù)字”的賬單---包括一位訴訟律師開(kāi)出的每天超過(guò)24小時(shí)工作費(fèi)的賬單。“在這里的都是些收入不菲還抱怨個(gè)不停的律師。”一位前布什競(jìng)選班子的官員說(shuō)道，“可是這些人還從這項(xiàng)工作中得到了提高他們聲望的巨大實(shí)惠。”
這些律師應(yīng)該從布什重新計(jì)票委員會(huì)那里拿到他們的報(bào)酬。該委員會(huì)成立于佛羅里達(dá)之爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，其主要工作就是籌集資金。法律不要求這個(gè)性質(zhì)模糊的機(jī)構(gòu)透露其使用資金的情況。該委員會(huì)和它的主要籌資人，得克薩斯州石油商(現(xiàn)商務(wù)秘書)唐·伊萬(wàn)斯很快就籌集了830萬(wàn)美元---是艾爾·戈?duì)栔匦掠?jì)票委員會(huì)所籌集的390萬(wàn)美元資金的兩倍還多，并用這筆錢來(lái)支付律師費(fèi)用。為了避免被指控其重新計(jì)票工作獲得特殊利益集團(tuán)的資助，布什班子對(duì)個(gè)人捐款設(shè)置5000美元的上限，現(xiàn)在他們正為這種公關(guān)姿態(tài)后悔不已。在付清了包辦伙食人，包租飛機(jī)的人以及到佛羅里達(dá)“觀察”助陣的共和黨議員團(tuán)的帳單之后，“籌集的資金已經(jīng)所剩無(wú)幾”，一位知情人說(shuō)道。
布什陣營(yíng)說(shuō)他們想要付清賬單。但前競(jìng)選顧問(wèn)本·金斯伯格面對(duì)著接手的一團(tuán)糟局面還沒(méi)有理出頭緒。至于那些法律事務(wù)所，他們正在盡力不疏遠(yuǎn)那些賴賬的客戶，以免損害他們?cè)谌A盛頓剛剛起步的院外游說(shuō)業(yè)務(wù)。“格林伯格·特里格”公司代表著那些愿意出巨資來(lái)接近政策制定者的電力公司，藥品制造商和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)博彩行業(yè)。不論理查德及其公司能不能收回法律服務(wù)費(fèi)，那80萬(wàn)美元都是一筆精明的投資。
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