考研的英語文章，我們主要看的是閱讀理解，關(guān)于教育的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)，供大家參閱!

　　考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)：THE TUITION TAMERS

　　After years of sharp increases, some colleges are trying to ease the burden on middle-class families

　　THESE HAVE BEEN THE ,BEST OF TIMES for many of the nation’s top universit

　　ies-and the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them. Thanks to a robust stock market, school endowments have ballooned. Yet few institutions have held down steep increases in tuition. But that may be changing.

　　Williams College, a prestigious liberal arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3%-the smallest hike in 30 years.

　　These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the whopping tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their endowments to control price hikes. Since 1980, college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation, while the median income of families with college-age children has increased only 12%. Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years-but still more than twice the rate of inflation. "Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb. gorilla facing colleges and universities," says Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council on Education in Washington.

　　Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1.1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them. "If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need?" asks Princeton president Harold Shapiro. "No, because their tuition is fully covered." The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person. To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College. Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed-and even squeezed out.

　　One reason colleges are curbing tuition increases is to attract those middle-income students. Rice University in Houston uses its $3 billion endowment to guarantee that tuition for sophomores, juniors and seniors will not leap ahead of the consumer price index. Another reason for restraint is concern that public outrage will prompt government intervention. Congress is already tackling the issue during two days of hearings this week, and President Clinton recently proposed a $31 billion package to make higher education more affordable. Now if only someone could do something about campus parking.

　　Time; 02/14/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 6, p70, 2/3p, 1c

　　注(1)：本文選自Time;02/14/2000，p70;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象是1999年真題text2(1，2，3，5題)和2002年真題text2第2題(第4題)

　　1.We learn from the beginning of the passage that college tuition _______________.

　　[A] has become a heavy burden on many middle income families with college-age children

　　[B] has ballooned due to a robust stock market

　　[C] has brought more endowments to the top universities

　　[D] has increased relatively slowly in the past few years

　　2.Speaking of college cost, the author implies that ___________________.

　　[A] it is a big challenge facing colleges and universities

　　[B] it has increased twice as much as the median income of families in the past 2 decades

　　[C] changes are taking place as schools are looking for sources to control it

　　[D] it will not stop increasing until parents are unaffordable

　　3.In the view of Harold Shapiro, __________________________.

　　[A] it’s unnecessary to control tuition increases because even needy students can pay their tuition

　　[B] students in need can not benefit much from the efforts of keeping tuition constant

　　[C] schools should provide more scholarships to students instead of cutting down tuition

　　[D] using endowments to freeze tuition will only add to student’ economic burden

　　4.The phrase “800-lb gorilla” (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.

　　[A] big, heavy animal

　　[B] urgent issue

　　[C] tough problem

　　[D] unwanted situation

　　5.We learn from the last paragraph that _______________.

　　[A] tuition in Rice University has dropped

　　[B] government will take measures to punish schools that allow their tuition to increase steeply

　　[C] the public will urge government to tackle tuition increase if schools can not handle it

　　[D] there will be more middle-income students on college campus if tuition can be curbed

　　答案：A C B C D

　　篇章剖析：

　　本篇文章圍繞高校采取措施抑制學(xué)費(fèi)增長的問題進(jìn)行了分析。第一段介紹了高校學(xué)費(fèi)高昂的事實(shí)。第二段以威廉姆斯學(xué)院和普林斯頓大學(xué)為例，說明高校正在采取措施抑制學(xué)費(fèi)增長。第三段介紹了1980年以來高校學(xué)費(fèi)增長的幅度，第四段介紹了一些高校平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的措施以及引起的質(zhì)疑，最后一段分析了高校平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的原因。

　　詞匯注釋：

　　robust: [rE5bQst] adj. 健康和有力的;精力充沛的

　　endowment: [in5daumEnt] n. 資助，捐贈

　　balloon: [bE5lu:n] v. 激增，飛漲迅速增長或上升

　　hike: [haik] n. 突然的或急劇的上升、上漲、增加

　　restraint: [ris5treint] n. 抑制, 制止

　　turnaround: [`t\:nE9raJnd] n. 轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)向, (經(jīng)濟(jì), 營業(yè)等的)突然好轉(zhuǎn)

　　whopping: [5(h)wCpiN] adj. 巨大的, 龐大的

　　median: [5mi:djEn] adj. 中間的，位于中間的

　　gorilla: [^E5rilE] n. 大猩猩

　　alumni: [E5lQmni] n. 校友

　　vulnerable:[5vQlnErEb(E)l] adj. 易受傷害的;易受影響的

　　boost: [bu:st] v. 增進(jìn);改善

　　pool: [pu:l]] n. 集中備用的物資(如錢、 物、工人等)

　　swell: [swel] v. 增加，增大

　　equate: [i5kweit] v. (常與to, with連用)使相等

　　autopilot: [5C:tEpailEt] v. 自動駕駛儀; 自動操舵裝置

　　squeeze: [skwi:z] v. 壓榨, 擠, 擠榨

　　curb: [kE:b] v. 抑制;控制

　　outrage: [5autreidV] n. 憤慨;(由暴力或冒犯而引起的)憤怒

　　prompt: [prCmpt] v. 鼓動, 促使

　　package: [5pAkidV] n. 建議，提議

　　難句突破

　　1. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them.

　　主體句式：college officials say…

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，主語college officials帶有一個(gè)定語從句。本句難點(diǎn)是vulnerable這個(gè)詞。“vulnerable”的意思是“易受攻擊的”。

　　句子譯文：但反對利用捐贈款來防止學(xué)費(fèi)增長的大學(xué)官員認(rèn)為這些措施對于那些受到學(xué)費(fèi)增長打擊最大的學(xué)生并無實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。

　　2. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College.

　　主體句式：Gordon Winston says …

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句整體結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見于引述句，特別是主語較長的引述句。在這個(gè)句子里，主語帶了一個(gè)同位語，因而比較長，如果按照正常語序就會造成語意連接不緊密地情況。says的賓語是families… “autopilot”，其中families還帶有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

　　句子譯文：那些將價(jià)格和質(zhì)量劃等號的家庭其實(shí)默許了一流大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)“隨行就市”的情況，威廉姆斯學(xué)院的一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家戈登·溫斯頓說。

　　題目分析：

　　1. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段第一句話 “the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them”可以看出，高校學(xué)費(fèi)已經(jīng)令很多家中等收入家庭不堪重負(fù)。

　　2. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。在文章第一段末寫道：But that may be changing。第二段接著舉例說明高校如何采取措施平抑學(xué)費(fèi)。第三段第一句又說這些抑制學(xué)費(fèi)的措施也許是最近幾年學(xué)費(fèi)暴漲的形勢turnaround的跡象，由此可見學(xué)校正積極尋找資金來源控制學(xué)費(fèi)，學(xué)費(fèi)問題正在發(fā)生變化。

　　3. 答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第四段引用Shapiro的話說真正困難的學(xué)生并不會因?yàn)閷W(xué)費(fèi)保持穩(wěn)定其境況就發(fā)生改變，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)都是足額支付的。也就是說這些學(xué)生不會從中受益。

　　4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。“gorilla”本意為“大猩猩”，根據(jù)上下文，中等收入家庭的收入增幅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于學(xué)費(fèi)的增幅，因而各大高校都面臨著如何使中等收入家庭付得起學(xué)費(fèi)這樣一個(gè)“800-1b gorilla”，下文又介紹了各高校如何采取措施平抑學(xué)費(fèi)，可見這里“800-1b gorilla”是一個(gè)暗喻，指“棘手的問題”。

　　5. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章最后一段解釋了高校平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的原因之一就是想要吸引更多來自中等收入家庭的孩子。最末一具有說“現(xiàn)在要是有人能夠解決以下校園停車問題就好了”，暗示校園有可能會有很多學(xué)生。不難理解，如果學(xué)費(fèi)能夠被平抑，會有更多來自中等收入家庭的孩子。

　　參考譯文：

　　對于國內(nèi)許多一流大學(xué)來說，現(xiàn)在是最好的時(shí)候;而對于那些收入中等，勉強(qiáng)付得起學(xué)費(fèi)的家庭來說，情況已經(jīng)糟得不能再糟了。幸虧股市上揚(yáng)，學(xué)校獲得的資助也水漲船高?？墒菂s沒有多少學(xué)校能夠遏制住不斷上漲的學(xué)費(fèi)。不過這種情況也許正在發(fā)生變化。

　　馬薩諸塞州的著名文科大學(xué)威廉姆斯學(xué)院上個(gè)月宣布其學(xué)費(fèi)將維持在31,520美元的水平上，這開了46六年來的先例。普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生上周得知他們每年31,599美元的學(xué)費(fèi)，食宿費(fèi)將只上漲3.3%，是30年來增幅最小的一次。

　　這些抑制學(xué)費(fèi)的措施也許是最近幾年學(xué)費(fèi)暴漲的形勢發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)的跡象，因?yàn)橐恍W(xué)校目前已經(jīng)開始考慮用所獲得的資助來控制價(jià)格上漲。從1980年開始，由于通貨膨脹而調(diào)整價(jià)格后，大學(xué)費(fèi)用增加了一倍多，而供孩子上大學(xué)的家庭平均收入只增加了12%。去年學(xué)費(fèi)平均漲幅是4.6%，雖然是12年里增幅最低的一次，但仍然是通貨膨脹指數(shù)的兩倍多。“各大高校都面臨如何讓中產(chǎn)階級家庭支付得起學(xué)費(fèi)這樣一個(gè)棘手的問題，”華盛頓美國教育委員會高級副總裁特里·哈特爾說道。

　　威廉姆斯學(xué)院平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的措施就是利用從其11億美元捐贈款所得的投資利潤和該校校友會的捐款來支付大部分的賬單。但反對利用捐贈款來防止學(xué)費(fèi)增長的大學(xué)官員認(rèn)為這些措施對于那些受到學(xué)費(fèi)增長打擊最大的學(xué)生并無實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。“保持學(xué)費(fèi)不變難道會讓那些身處逆境的學(xué)生的境況發(fā)生改變嗎?”普林斯頓大學(xué)校長哈羅德·夏皮羅質(zhì)疑道。“不，因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)費(fèi)已經(jīng)全都支付了。”該校計(jì)劃今年給每位貧困學(xué)生的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金增加到2250美元。的確，上得起一流大學(xué)的家庭并不在少數(shù)。雖然哈佛大學(xué)每年學(xué)費(fèi)都會增加，但申請入學(xué)的人數(shù)還是從1992年的13029人增加到了去年的18167人。“那些將價(jià)格和質(zhì)量劃等號的家庭其實(shí)默許了一流大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)“隨行就市”的情況，”威廉姆斯學(xué)院的一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家戈登·溫斯頓說。最富裕的家庭負(fù)擔(dān)得起學(xué)費(fèi)，貧困家庭能得到財(cái)政資助，而中等收入家庭卻陷入困境，甚至無力負(fù)擔(dān)學(xué)費(fèi)。

　　各高校紛紛開始控制學(xué)費(fèi)增長的一個(gè)原因就是要吸引中等收入家庭的學(xué)生。休斯敦萊斯大學(xué)動用了30億美元的捐贈基金以確保大二，大三和大四學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)不會超過消費(fèi)者物價(jià)指數(shù)。另一個(gè)控制學(xué)費(fèi)增長的原因就是擔(dān)心公眾的憤怒會導(dǎo)致政府干預(yù)。國會已經(jīng)開始在本周連續(xù)兩天的聽證會上處理這個(gè)問題，克林頓總統(tǒng)最近也提出了一個(gè)310億美元的一攬子計(jì)劃來減輕高等教育的學(xué)費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。現(xiàn)在要是有人能解決一下校園停車問題就好了。

　　考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)：CAMPUS CRUSADER

　　Like university presidents of an earlier era, Ruth Simmons is the moral compass of the school she governs

　　There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered. Th

　　e New York Times covered their every move. Presidents, the real ones, sought their counsel. For Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower, being head of Princeton and Columbia, respectively, was a stepping-stone to the White House. Today, though, the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady (except the house calls are made to the doorsteps of wealthy alums).

　　Ruth Simmons, the newly installed president of Brown University and the first African American to lead an Ivy League school, is a throwback to the crusading campus leaders of old. She doesn't merely marshal funds; she invests them in the great educational causes of our day. With the more than $300 million she raised as president of Smith College from 1995 to 2001, Simmons established an engineering program (the first at any women's school) and added seminars focused on public speaking to purge the ubiquitous "likes" and "ums" from the campus idiom. At a meeting to discuss the future of Smith's math department, one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response: "Dream bigger."

　　Her own dream was born in a sharecropper's shack in East Texas where there was no money for books or toys--she and her 11 siblings each got an apple, an orange and 10 nuts for Christmas. Though she was called n_____ on her walk to school, entering the classroom, she says, "was like waking up." When Simmons won a scholarship to Dillard University, her high school teachers took up a collection so she'd have a coat. She went on to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in Romance languages.

　　Simmons has made diversity her No. 1 campus crusade. She nearly doubled the enrollment of black freshmen at Smith, largely by traveling to high schools in the nation's poorest ZIP codes to recruit. Concerned with the lives of minority students once they arrive at school, she has fought to ease the racial standoffs that plague so many campuses. At Smith she turned down a request by students to have race-specific dorms. In 1993, while vice provost at Princeton, she wrote a now famous report recommending that the university establish an office of conflict resolution to defuse racial misunderstandings before they boiled over.

　　Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery. "There's no safe ground for anybody in race relations, but campuses, unlike any other institution in our society, provide the opportunity to cross racial lines," says Simmons. "And even if you're hurt, you can't walk away. You have to walk over that line."

　　注(1)：本文選自Time; 9/17/2001, Vol. 158 Issue 12, p70, 1p, 1c

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題text 2.

　　1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower?

　　[A]The president of the first-class university was really very important.

　　[B]The presidents gave them some good advice.

　　[C]The presidents of the university could easily go to the white house.

　　[D]The presidents had more power and authority than Avon ladies.

　　2.What can we infer from the second paragraph?

　　[A]Simmons was an old crusading campus leader.

　　[B]Simmons wanted to expand her university.

　　[C]Simmons knew well about how to invest the money.

　　[D]Simmons was a competent and ambitious president.

　　3.The 4th paragraph mainly talks about _________.

　　[A]Simmons greatly sympathized the black people.

　　[B]Simmons wanted to diversify her university.

　　[C]Simmons made a great effort to solve the racial problems.

　　[D]Simmons never neglect the racial problems.

　　4.What does the author mean by “the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady”(Line 4, Paragraph 1)?

　　[A]College president can get their position with the help of Avon lady.

　　[B]The jobs of college president and Avon lady are quite similar.

　　[C]College presidents got inspiration from the job of the Avon lady.

　　[D]The jobs of college presidents and the Avon lady should be separated.

　　5.Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　[A]Simmons had successfully solved the racial problems.

　　[B]Simmons owed her success to her high school teachers.

　　[C]Simmons didn't like “likes” and “ums” in campus idioms.

　　[D]Simmons asked her professor to be more ambitious and aggressive.

　　答案：ADCBD

　　篇章剖析

　　本文可以說是一篇記敘文，主要記述大學(xué)校長魯思·西蒙斯作為校園改革派的一些逸事。文章第一段就以前的大學(xué)校長和當(dāng)今的大學(xué)校長的不同之處進(jìn)行了對比;第二段記述了魯思·西蒙斯作為布朗大學(xué)的新任校長和第一個(gè)一流學(xué)校的黑人校長的一些做法;第三段描述了她的貧困家境以及求學(xué)的艱辛;第四段記述了她在以往任職的學(xué)校里的一些舉措;第五段記述了她在布朗大學(xué)所要解決的首要問題。

　　詞匯注釋

　　crusader [krU:`seIdE(r)] n.十字軍戰(zhàn)士, 改革者

　　compass [5kQmpEs] n.羅盤, 指南針, [pl.] 圓規(guī)

　　big-league adj.一流的, 最高的

　　removed (adj.) from 有區(qū)別;遙遠(yuǎn);不同;遙遠(yuǎn);關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)

　　alumni n. (口)校友(可指男女)

　　Ivy-League [5aivi-li:^] n. (美國東北部哈佛、哥倫比亞等八個(gè)名牌大學(xué)的)常春藤聯(lián)合會; 屬于該組織的名牌大學(xué)或其師生; 名牌大學(xué)派頭

　　throwback [5WrEubAk] n.【生】返祖現(xiàn)象; [喻]大倒退;逆轉(zhuǎn);(電影中的)前景重現(xiàn); (小說的)倒敘

　　of old 古時(shí)的, 從前的, 很久以前的

　　marshal [5mB:F(E)l] v. 匯集

　　purge [p\:dV] v. (使)凈化, 清除

　　ubiquitous [ju:5bIkwItEs] adj.到處存在的, (同時(shí))普遍存在的

　　sharecropper [5FeEkrRpE(r)] n.(尤指美國西南部的)小佃農(nóng)

　　shack [FAk] n.小室

　　sibling [5sIblIN] n.兄弟, 姐妹, 同胞, 同屬

　　ZIP code郵區(qū)代碼，郵政編碼(一種劃分美國郵政區(qū)域的五位數(shù)號碼)

　　recruit [rI5kru:t] v.招生，使入學(xué)使加入或設(shè)法使加入

　　standoff [`stAndCf, -R:f] n.避開, 冷淡

　　provost [5prRvEst; (?@) prEJ-] n.憲兵司令, 監(jiān)獄看守, 教務(wù)長

　　boil over v. 因沸溢出, 發(fā)怒

　　heal [hi:l] v. 治愈, 醫(yī)治, 結(jié)束

　　rupture [5rQptFE(r)] n.破裂, 決裂, 敵對, 割裂

　　incendiary [In5sendIErI; (?@) In5sendIerI] adj. 縱火的, 煽動的

　　polemicist [ pC`lemIsIst, pE-] n. 善辯論者

　　難句突破

　　1. Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery.

　　主體句式：Her first task …will be to heal…

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring;主句后面跟的是由after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句; “by” 意為“由…做(寫)”;arguing是現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，對polemicist David Horowitz進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明;后又跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句做argue的賓語。

　　句子譯文：去年春天，學(xué)生報(bào)上刊登了一篇由保守派辯論家戴維•霍羅威茨撰寫的煽動性文章。他在文章中詭稱，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度講，黑人受益于奴隸制。文章一發(fā)表，就導(dǎo)致了種族關(guān)系的破裂。她在布朗大學(xué)的首要任務(wù)就是要修復(fù)這一裂痕。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段就以前的大學(xué)校長和當(dāng)今的大學(xué)校長的不同之處進(jìn)行了對比， “There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered”是第一段前半部分的主題句，隨后作者以伍德羅·威爾遜和艾森豪威爾為例，進(jìn)一步說明這一觀點(diǎn)。

　　2.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。第二段記述了魯思·西蒙斯作為布朗大學(xué)的新任校長和第一個(gè)一流學(xué)校的黑人校長的一些成功的做法，其中包括如何進(jìn)行資金運(yùn)做，這些說明她是非常有能力的;在討論史密斯大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系發(fā)展前景的會議上，她對教授說：“Dream bigger”表明，她還是非常有雄心的。

　　3.答案為C ，屬主旨大意題。第四段記述了魯思·西蒙斯在她以往任職的學(xué)校里為解決種族問題進(jìn)行的一些努力和嘗試。

　　4.答案為B，屬猜詞題。文章第一段前半部分提到曾有一段時(shí)間一流大學(xué)的校長是非常重要的人物。緊接著though引導(dǎo)的句子進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折，指出現(xiàn)在校長的工作同雅芳小姐的工作差別越來越小了。這里主要考察“be removed from”的用法，其中removed是形容詞，詞組含義是“有區(qū)別;遙遠(yuǎn);不同;遙遠(yuǎn);關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)”。

　　5.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中對應(yīng)信息是“one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response: "Dream bigger." ”。

　　參考譯文

　　校園改革者

　　跟早期的大學(xué)校長一樣，魯思·西蒙斯是她所管理的那所大學(xué)的道德指南針

　　曾有一段時(shí)間，一流大學(xué)的校長著實(shí)起著舉足輕重的作用?！都~約時(shí)代》雜志一直關(guān)注著他們的一舉一動。就連總統(tǒng)也向他們征求意見。伍德羅·威爾遜和艾森豪威爾曾是普林斯頓和哥倫比亞大學(xué)的校長，他們的大學(xué)校長身份是他們?nèi)胫靼讓m的敲門磚。然而，今天大學(xué)校長的差事與雅芳小姐的工作差別越來越小了(除登門拜訪有錢的校友外)。

　　魯思·西蒙斯是布朗大學(xué)的新任校長，也是第一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)名牌大學(xué)的黑人校長，她就是過去校園改革派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的翻版。她不單單只籌集資金，她還把這些資金投到當(dāng)今偉大的教育事業(yè)之中。西蒙斯用她在1995-2001擔(dān)任史密斯學(xué)院院長期間籌集到的3億美元的資金開設(shè)了工程學(xué)專業(yè)(在所有女子學(xué)校里這個(gè)專業(yè)是第一次開設(shè))，并增設(shè)演講研討會，以把那些無所不在的“如像”和“嗯”等廢話從校園用語中清除出去。在一次討論史密斯大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系發(fā)展前景的會議上，一個(gè)教授戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地提出能否給他的課再增加兩次討論。她是這樣回答的：“再大膽些。”

　　她自己的夢想是在德克薩斯州東部的一個(gè)佃農(nóng)小屋里誕生的。家里沒錢買書或玩具——過圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，她和十一個(gè)兄弟姐妹每人只得到一只蘋果、一個(gè)橘子和十只堅(jiān)果。盡管在去上學(xué)的路上有人叫她黑鬼，但她進(jìn)教室時(shí)她卻說：“這倒喚醒了我。”當(dāng)她獲得在迪拉德大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金時(shí)，她的高中老師慷慨解囊，湊錢讓她買一件外套。畢業(yè)后她接著上哈佛大學(xué)，攻讀拉丁系語言博士學(xué)位。

　　西蒙斯把多樣性作為校園改革的頭等大事。她幾乎使史密斯大學(xué)的黑人新生入學(xué)人數(shù)翻了一番。能做到這一步主要是靠她親自到美國最貧困地區(qū)的高中去招生的結(jié)果。少數(shù)民族學(xué)生來校后，她一直關(guān)心學(xué)生的情況，一直為緩解令很多校園十分苦惱的種族冷漠情緒而奮斗。在史密斯大學(xué)，她拒絕了學(xué)生提出的按種族分住公寓的要求。她在1993年任普林斯頓大學(xué)副教務(wù)長期間，寫了一篇至今仍很著名的報(bào)告。在報(bào)告中，她建議大學(xué)成立一個(gè)專門解決種族沖突的辦公室，以在種族誤解激化之前化解之。

　　去年春天，學(xué)生報(bào)上刊登了一篇由保守派辯論家戴維•霍羅威茨撰寫的煽動性文章。他在文章中詭稱，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度講，黑人受益于奴隸制。文章一發(fā)表，就導(dǎo)致了種族關(guān)系的破裂。她在布朗大學(xué)的首要任務(wù)就是要修復(fù)這一裂痕。“在種族關(guān)系中，任何人都沒有什么安全的地方。但是校園不同于我們社會上的其它機(jī)構(gòu)，它給我們提供了跨越種族界限的機(jī)會，”西蒙斯說，“即便你受到了傷害，你也不能一走了之，你得跨越這條線。”

　　考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)：THE ECONOMICS OF KARATE

　　As the number of home-schooled kids soars, districts are trying novel ways to lure them back to the fold

　　Largely for "spiritual reasons," Nancy Manos started home-schooling her ch

　　ildren five years ago and has studiously avoided public schools ever since. Yet last week, she was enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter, Olivia, in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichment--a program run by the Mesa, Ariz., public schools and taught by district teachers. Manos still wants to handle the basics, but likes that Eagleridge offers the extras, "things I couldn't teach." One doubt, though, lingers in her mind: why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything?

　　A big part of the answer is economics. The number of home-schooled kids nationwide has risen to as many as 1.9 million from an estimated 345,000 in 1994, and school districts that get state and local dollars per child are beginning to suffer. In Maricopa County, which includes Mesa, the number of home-schooled kids has more than doubled during that period to 7,526; at about $4,500 a child, that's nearly $34 million a year in lost revenue.

　　Not everyone's happy with these innovations. Some states have taken the opposite tack. Like about half the states, West Virginia refuses to allow home-schooled kids to play public-school sports. And in Arizona, some complain that their tax dollars are being used to create programs for families who, essentially, eschew participation in public life. "That makes my teeth grit,'' says Daphne Atkeson, whose 10-year-old son attends public school in Paradise Valley. Even some committed home-schoolers question the new programs, given their central irony: they turn home-schoolers into public-school students, says Bob Parsons, president of the Alaska Private and Home Educators Association. "We've lost about one third of our members to those programs. They're so enticing.''

　　Mesa started Eagleridge four years ago, when it saw how much money it was losing from home-schoolers--and how unprepared some students were when they re-entered the schools. Since it began, the program's enrollment has nearly doubled to 397, and last year the district moved Eagleridge to a strip mall (between a pizza joint and a laser-tag arcade). Parents typically drop off their kids once a week; because most of the children qualify as quarter-time students, the district collects $911 per child. "It's like getting a taste of what real school is like,'' says 10-year-old Chad Lucas, who's learning computer animation and creative writing.

　　Other school districts are also experimenting with novel ways to court home schoolers. The town of Galena, Alaska, (pop. 600) has just 178 students. But in 1997, its school administrators figured they could reach beyond their borders. Under the program, the district gives home-schooling families free computers and Internet service for correspondence classes. In return, the district gets $3,100 per student enrolled in the program--$9.6 million a year, which it has used partly for a new vocational school. Such alternatives just might appeal to other districts. Ernest Felty, head of Hardin County schools in southern Illinois, has 10 home-schooled pupils. That may not sound like much--except that he has a staff of 68, and at $4,500 a child, "that's probably a teacher's salary,'' Felty says. With the right robotics or art class, though, he could take the home out of home schooling.

　　By Flynn McRoberts Newsweek; 11/06/2000, Vol. 136 Issue 19, p62, 1p, 2c

　　注(1)：本文選自Newsweek，11/06/2000，p62

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2005年Text 1。

　　1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

　　[A]posing a contrast

　　[B]justifying an assumption

　　[C]explaining a phenomenon

　　[D]making a comparison

　　2.The statement "That makes my teeth grit,''(Line 4, Paragraph 3) implies that

　　[A]I wanted to eat something.

　　[B]I was angry and dissatisfied.

　　[C]I was in favor of what the public school had done.

　　[D]I wanted not to bring my children to that school.

　　3.The public school system wants to offer home-school families something, because

　　[A]it does not want to lose much money from the increasing home-schoolers.

　　[B]home-schoolers have some difficulty in getting some particular knowledge.

　　[C]home-schoolers are eager to have a taste of what a real school is like.

　　[D]it has the responsibility to help the home-schoolers.

　　4.The statistics in Paragraph two helps us draw a conclusion that

　　[A]economics is greatly influenced by so many home-schoolers.

　　[B]the number of the home-schoolers is steadily increasing.

　　[C]it is a great loss for the public school system to have so many home-schoolers.

　　[D]home-schooling has an incomparable advantage over the public school system.

　　5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　[A]The tuition the home schoolers have to pay for the public school is very high.

　　[B]Public school system gains much profit from the home schoolers.

　　[C]Home schoolers do not want to receive education at home any more.

　　[D]Public school system tries to attract the home schoolers back to school.

　　答案：CBACB

　　篇章剖析

　　本文采用提出問題——分析問題的模式，指出在家受教育的人對公立學(xué)校造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)威脅，以及公立學(xué)校對這一現(xiàn)象的不同反應(yīng)和做法。文中第一段以在家受教育的人為例，來說明教育中存在的在家受教育這一現(xiàn)象;第二段分析公立學(xué)校不愿意放棄這些人的主要原因;第三段指出有些州不同的做法;第四段具體指出Eagleridge這一做法的目的以及給在家受教育的人帶來的好處;第五段指出一些公立學(xué)校的成功做法。

　　詞匯注釋

　　studiously [5stju:dIEslI ; (?@) 5stu:-]adv.有意地, 故意地

　　tack[tAk]行動方針;策略

　　eschew [Is5tFu:]vt.避開, 遠(yuǎn)避

　　grit [^rIt]v.咬(牙)把(牙齒)緊咬在一起

　　enticing [In`taIsIN]adj.引誘的, 迷人的

　　難句突破

　　1.Yet last week, she was enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter, Olivia, in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichment--a program run by the Mesa, Ariz., public schools and taught by district teachers.

　　主體句式：she was… enrolling her 8-year-old daughter… in sign language and modern dance classes

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話是個(gè)簡單句。其中“enroll in”意為“在…方面注冊,報(bào)名參加”;Olivia是daughter的同位語;a program是Eagleridge Enrichment的同位語，過去分詞run和taught做定語來修飾program。

　　句子譯文：然而上周，她卻急切地給她八歲的女兒奧利維亞報(bào)名參加在Eagleridge Enrichment舉辦的手語課和現(xiàn)代舞蹈課的學(xué)習(xí)。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第一段以Nancy Manos為例，來說明現(xiàn)在越來越多的人

　　傾向于在家受教育這一現(xiàn)象。

　　2.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。第三段第一句話“Not everyone's happy with these innovations.”

　　是本段的主題句，意為“并不是所有人都認(rèn)同這些舉措。”后面舉出的例子用以說明這一論點(diǎn)。其中“refuse”和“complain”都用來表示這些人的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)。又給出的這個(gè)例子也是這一用意，故猜出此意。

　　3.答案為A,屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段最后一句提出問題“why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything?”在第二段第一句作者做出了回答：“A big part of the answer is economics.”

　　4.答案為C，屬推理判斷題。第二段的主題句是“A big part of the answer is economics.”然

　　后作者給出了一系列的數(shù)據(jù)來使這一論點(diǎn)更有可信性。

　　5.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。第五段第一句話“Other school districts are also experimenting

　　with novel ways to court home schoolers.”是本段的主題句。后面舉出的例子是為了更好的說明這一點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也說明了這一做法給它們帶來的好處。

　　參考譯文

　　空手道經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　隨著在家里受教育孩子的人數(shù)的迅猛上升，各學(xué)區(qū)都在嘗試新辦法，試圖吸引他們重返學(xué)校

　　主要是由于“精神方面的原因”，南希•馬諾斯五年前開始自己在家里教育孩子，并從此以后有意避開公立學(xué)校。然而上周，她卻急切地給她八歲的女兒奧利維亞報(bào)名參加在Eagleridge Enrichment舉辦的手語課和現(xiàn)代舞蹈課的學(xué)習(xí)。Eagleridge Enrichment項(xiàng)目是由亞利桑那州的梅薩公立學(xué)校舉辦的，并由學(xué)區(qū)的老師授課。馬諾斯還想繼續(xù)教基礎(chǔ)課，但她希望Eagleridge教授其余的“我教不了的東西”。但是她的腦海里一直有一個(gè)疑問：為什么公立學(xué)校愿意為進(jìn)行家教的家庭提供他們所需要的一切呢?

　　答案的主要部分是經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的原因。全國在家受教育的孩子的數(shù)量已經(jīng)從1994年估計(jì)的34.5千人上升到了190萬人。那些靠按孩子人數(shù)從州政府和當(dāng)?shù)卣@得財(cái)政支持的學(xué)區(qū)開始受到損害。在梅薩所在的馬利柯帕縣，在家受教育孩子的數(shù)量在這期間增長了兩倍，達(dá)到了7,526人。按一個(gè)孩子4,500美元計(jì)算，這意味著一年所損失的收入將達(dá)到近3.4億美元。

　　并不是每個(gè)人都對這些舉措感到高興。有些州采取了與之相反的策略。同占半數(shù)的其它州的做法一樣，西弗吉尼亞拒絕讓在家受教育的孩子參加公立學(xué)校的運(yùn)動比賽。在亞利桑那州，有人抱怨他們繳納的稅金被用來設(shè)立一些專門為那些實(shí)際上逃避社會生活的家庭參加的項(xiàng)目。“這真使我恨得咬牙切齒。”達(dá)夫妮•阿特基森這樣說。他十歲的兒子在帕拉代斯瓦利公立學(xué)校上學(xué)。甚至那些堅(jiān)持在家接受教育的人也對此新計(jì)劃嗤之以鼻，表示疑問：這些項(xiàng)目旨在把受家庭教育的人變成公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生，阿拉斯加個(gè)人和家庭教育者協(xié)會會長鮑勃•帕森斯說，“這些計(jì)劃已挖走了我們?nèi)种坏臅T。這些計(jì)劃實(shí)在是太誘人了。”

　　四年前，當(dāng)意識到從那些在家接受教育的人身上損失了那么多的錢，并且當(dāng)這些人重新入學(xué)時(shí)他們又是那么的毫無準(zhǔn)備，梅薩便率先發(fā)起了Eagleridge項(xiàng)目。從它成立之日起，前來注冊的人數(shù)幾乎翻了一番，達(dá)到397人。去年，學(xué)區(qū)將Eagleridge項(xiàng)目遷移到一家商鋪密集的商業(yè)廣場(在一家比薩餅店與一個(gè)帶巨大標(biāo)記的拱廊之間)。孩子的父母一般每周只需送一次。由于大多數(shù)孩子只取得四分之一學(xué)生的資格，所以學(xué)區(qū)對每個(gè)孩子只收911美元的學(xué)費(fèi)。“這只是讓你體會一下去真正的學(xué)校上學(xué)是什么滋味。”十歲的查德•盧卡斯這樣說道。他正在學(xué)習(xí)電腦動畫制作和寫作。

　　其它學(xué)區(qū)也在嘗試新辦法來獲取這些在家接受教育人的支持。阿拉斯加州的加利納鎮(zhèn)(人口600)只有178名學(xué)生。但是在1997年，學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人認(rèn)為他們可以(使學(xué)生人數(shù))超過這個(gè)數(shù)。按照學(xué)校計(jì)劃，學(xué)區(qū)為在家從事家庭教育的家庭免費(fèi)提供函授課程所用的電腦和互連網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)。作為回報(bào)，學(xué)區(qū)在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中對每個(gè)注冊的學(xué)生收費(fèi)3,100美元——一年合計(jì)960萬。學(xué)區(qū)把其中的一部分資金用來再建一所新的職業(yè)學(xué)校。這樣的方案對其他學(xué)區(qū)還是很有吸引力的。歐內(nèi)斯特•費(fèi)爾提是伊利諾斯州南部哈丁縣縣屬學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人。他負(fù)責(zé)10個(gè)在家接受教育的小學(xué)生。這聽起來沒什么大不了的——除了他有68位員工和每個(gè)學(xué)生收取4,500美元的學(xué)費(fèi)以外。費(fèi)爾提說：“那差不多相當(dāng)于一個(gè)老師的工資”。憑借合適的機(jī)器人技術(shù)或美術(shù)課，他能夠讓那些在家接受教育的人不在家上課了。

　　

看過考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)的人還看了：

1.考研英語教育類閱讀理解

2.分析考研英語閱讀理解命題規(guī)律

3.考研英語閱讀理解的正確做題方法

4.考研英語閱讀理解怎么做

5.考研英語閱讀技巧盤點(diǎn)

,250 a person. To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College. Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed-and even squeezed out.

　　One reason colleges are curbing tuition increases is to attract those middle-income students. Rice University in Houston uses its billion endowment to guarantee that tuition for sophomores, juniors and seniors will not leap ahead of the consumer price index. Another reason for restraint is concern that public outrage will prompt government intervention. Congress is already tackling the issue during two days of hearings this week, and President Clinton recently proposed a billion package to make higher education more affordable. Now if only someone could do something about campus parking.

　　Time; 02/14/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 6, p70, 2/3p, 1c

　　注(1)：本文選自Time;02/14/2000，p70;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象是1999年真題text2(1，2，3，5題)和2002年真題text2第2題(第4題)

　　1.We learn from the beginning of the passage that college tuition _______________.

　　[A] has become a heavy burden on many middle income families with college-age children

　　[B] has ballooned due to a robust stock market

　　[C] has brought more endowments to the top universities

　　[D] has increased relatively slowly in the past few years

　　2.Speaking of college cost, the author implies that ___________________.

　　[A] it is a big challenge facing colleges and universities

　　[B] it has increased twice as much as the median income of families in the past 2 decades

　　[C] changes are taking place as schools are looking for sources to control it

　　[D] it will not stop increasing until parents are unaffordable

　　3.In the view of Harold Shapiro, __________________________.

　　[A] it’s unnecessary to control tuition increases because even needy students can pay their tuition

　　[B] students in need can not benefit much from the efforts of keeping tuition constant

　　[C] schools should provide more scholarships to students instead of cutting down tuition

　　[D] using endowments to freeze tuition will only add to student’ economic burden

　　4.The phrase “800-lb gorilla” (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.

　　[A] big, heavy animal

　　[B] urgent issue

　　[C] tough problem

　　[D] unwanted situation

　　5.We learn from the last paragraph that _______________.

　　[A] tuition in Rice University has dropped

　　[B] government will take measures to punish schools that allow their tuition to increase steeply

　　[C] the public will urge government to tackle tuition increase if schools can not handle it

　　[D] there will be more middle-income students on college campus if tuition can be curbed

　　答案：A C B C D

　　篇章剖析：

　　本篇文章圍繞高校采取措施抑制學(xué)費(fèi)增長的問題進(jìn)行了分析。第一段介紹了高校學(xué)費(fèi)高昂的事實(shí)。第二段以威廉姆斯學(xué)院和普林斯頓大學(xué)為例，說明高校正在采取措施抑制學(xué)費(fèi)增長。第三段介紹了1980年以來高校學(xué)費(fèi)增長的幅度，第四段介紹了一些高校平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的措施以及引起的質(zhì)疑，最后一段分析了高校平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的原因。

　　詞匯注釋：

　　robust: [rE5bQst] adj. 健康和有力的;精力充沛的

　　endowment: [in5daumEnt] n. 資助，捐贈

　　balloon: [bE5lu:n] v. 激增，飛漲迅速增長或上升

　　hike: [haik] n. 突然的或急劇的上升、上漲、增加

　　restraint: [ris5treint] n. 抑制, 制止

　　turnaround: [`t\:nE9raJnd] n. 轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)向, (經(jīng)濟(jì), 營業(yè)等的)突然好轉(zhuǎn)

　　whopping: [5(h)wCpiN] adj. 巨大的, 龐大的

　　median: [5mi:djEn] adj. 中間的，位于中間的

　　gorilla: [^E5rilE] n. 大猩猩

　　alumni: [E5lQmni] n. 校友

　　vulnerable:[5vQlnErEb(E)l] adj. 易受傷害的;易受影響的

　　boost: [bu:st] v. 增進(jìn);改善

　　pool: [pu:l]] n. 集中備用的物資(如錢、 物、工人等)

　　swell: [swel] v. 增加，增大

　　equate: [i5kweit] v. (常與to, with連用)使相等

　　autopilot: [5C:tEpailEt] v. 自動駕駛儀; 自動操舵裝置

　　squeeze: [skwi:z] v. 壓榨, 擠, 擠榨

　　curb: [kE:b] v. 抑制;控制

　　outrage: [5autreidV] n. 憤慨;(由暴力或冒犯而引起的)憤怒

　　prompt: [prCmpt] v. 鼓動, 促使

　　package: [5pAkidV] n. 建議，提議

　　難句突破

　　1. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them.

　　主體句式：college officials say…

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，主語college officials帶有一個(gè)定語從句。本句難點(diǎn)是vulnerable這個(gè)詞。“vulnerable”的意思是“易受攻擊的”。

　　句子譯文：但反對利用捐贈款來防止學(xué)費(fèi)增長的大學(xué)官員認(rèn)為這些措施對于那些受到學(xué)費(fèi)增長打擊最大的學(xué)生并無實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。

　　2. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College.

　　主體句式：Gordon Winston says …

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句整體結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見于引述句，特別是主語較長的引述句。在這個(gè)句子里，主語帶了一個(gè)同位語，因而比較長，如果按照正常語序就會造成語意連接不緊密地情況。says的賓語是families… “autopilot”，其中families還帶有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

　　句子譯文：那些將價(jià)格和質(zhì)量劃等號的家庭其實(shí)默許了一流大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)“隨行就市”的情況，威廉姆斯學(xué)院的一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家戈登·溫斯頓說。

　　題目分析：

　　1. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段第一句話 “the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them”可以看出，高校學(xué)費(fèi)已經(jīng)令很多家中等收入家庭不堪重負(fù)。

　　2. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。在文章第一段末寫道：But that may be changing。第二段接著舉例說明高校如何采取措施平抑學(xué)費(fèi)。第三段第一句又說這些抑制學(xué)費(fèi)的措施也許是最近幾年學(xué)費(fèi)暴漲的形勢turnaround的跡象，由此可見學(xué)校正積極尋找資金來源控制學(xué)費(fèi)，學(xué)費(fèi)問題正在發(fā)生變化。

　　3. 答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第四段引用Shapiro的話說真正困難的學(xué)生并不會因?yàn)閷W(xué)費(fèi)保持穩(wěn)定其境況就發(fā)生改變，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)都是足額支付的。也就是說這些學(xué)生不會從中受益。

　　4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。“gorilla”本意為“大猩猩”，根據(jù)上下文，中等收入家庭的收入增幅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于學(xué)費(fèi)的增幅，因而各大高校都面臨著如何使中等收入家庭付得起學(xué)費(fèi)這樣一個(gè)“800-1b gorilla”，下文又介紹了各高校如何采取措施平抑學(xué)費(fèi)，可見這里“800-1b gorilla”是一個(gè)暗喻，指“棘手的問題”。

　　5. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章最后一段解釋了高校平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的原因之一就是想要吸引更多來自中等收入家庭的孩子。最末一具有說“現(xiàn)在要是有人能夠解決以下校園停車問題就好了”，暗示校園有可能會有很多學(xué)生。不難理解，如果學(xué)費(fèi)能夠被平抑，會有更多來自中等收入家庭的孩子。

　　參考譯文：

　　對于國內(nèi)許多一流大學(xué)來說，現(xiàn)在是最好的時(shí)候;而對于那些收入中等，勉強(qiáng)付得起學(xué)費(fèi)的家庭來說，情況已經(jīng)糟得不能再糟了。幸虧股市上揚(yáng)，學(xué)校獲得的資助也水漲船高?？墒菂s沒有多少學(xué)校能夠遏制住不斷上漲的學(xué)費(fèi)。不過這種情況也許正在發(fā)生變化。

　　馬薩諸塞州的著名文科大學(xué)威廉姆斯學(xué)院上個(gè)月宣布其學(xué)費(fèi)將維持在31,520美元的水平上，這開了46六年來的先例。普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生上周得知他們每年31,599美元的學(xué)費(fèi)，食宿費(fèi)將只上漲3.3%，是30年來增幅最小的一次。

　　這些抑制學(xué)費(fèi)的措施也許是最近幾年學(xué)費(fèi)暴漲的形勢發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)的跡象，因?yàn)橐恍W(xué)校目前已經(jīng)開始考慮用所獲得的資助來控制價(jià)格上漲。從1980年開始，由于通貨膨脹而調(diào)整價(jià)格后，大學(xué)費(fèi)用增加了一倍多，而供孩子上大學(xué)的家庭平均收入只增加了12%。去年學(xué)費(fèi)平均漲幅是4.6%，雖然是12年里增幅最低的一次，但仍然是通貨膨脹指數(shù)的兩倍多。“各大高校都面臨如何讓中產(chǎn)階級家庭支付得起學(xué)費(fèi)這樣一個(gè)棘手的問題，”華盛頓美國教育委員會高級副總裁特里·哈特爾說道。

　　威廉姆斯學(xué)院平抑學(xué)費(fèi)的措施就是利用從其11億美元捐贈款所得的投資利潤和該校校友會的捐款來支付大部分的賬單。但反對利用捐贈款來防止學(xué)費(fèi)增長的大學(xué)官員認(rèn)為這些措施對于那些受到學(xué)費(fèi)增長打擊最大的學(xué)生并無實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。“保持學(xué)費(fèi)不變難道會讓那些身處逆境的學(xué)生的境況發(fā)生改變嗎?”普林斯頓大學(xué)校長哈羅德·夏皮羅質(zhì)疑道。“不，因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)費(fèi)已經(jīng)全都支付了。”該校計(jì)劃今年給每位貧困學(xué)生的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金增加到2250美元。的確，上得起一流大學(xué)的家庭并不在少數(shù)。雖然哈佛大學(xué)每年學(xué)費(fèi)都會增加，但申請入學(xué)的人數(shù)還是從1992年的13029人增加到了去年的18167人。“那些將價(jià)格和質(zhì)量劃等號的家庭其實(shí)默許了一流大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)“隨行就市”的情況，”威廉姆斯學(xué)院的一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家戈登·溫斯頓說。最富裕的家庭負(fù)擔(dān)得起學(xué)費(fèi)，貧困家庭能得到財(cái)政資助，而中等收入家庭卻陷入困境，甚至無力負(fù)擔(dān)學(xué)費(fèi)。

　　各高校紛紛開始控制學(xué)費(fèi)增長的一個(gè)原因就是要吸引中等收入家庭的學(xué)生。休斯敦萊斯大學(xué)動用了30億美元的捐贈基金以確保大二，大三和大四學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)不會超過消費(fèi)者物價(jià)指數(shù)。另一個(gè)控制學(xué)費(fèi)增長的原因就是擔(dān)心公眾的憤怒會導(dǎo)致政府干預(yù)。國會已經(jīng)開始在本周連續(xù)兩天的聽證會上處理這個(gè)問題，克林頓總統(tǒng)最近也提出了一個(gè)310億美元的一攬子計(jì)劃來減輕高等教育的學(xué)費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。現(xiàn)在要是有人能解決一下校園停車問題就好了。

　　考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)：CAMPUS CRUSADER

　　Like university presidents of an earlier era, Ruth Simmons is the moral compass of the school she governs

　　There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered. Th

　　e New York Times covered their every move. Presidents, the real ones, sought their counsel. For Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower, being head of Princeton and Columbia, respectively, was a stepping-stone to the White House. Today, though, the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady (except the house calls are made to the doorsteps of wealthy alums).

　　Ruth Simmons, the newly installed president of Brown University and the first African American to lead an Ivy League school, is a throwback to the crusading campus leaders of old. She doesn't merely marshal funds; she invests them in the great educational causes of our day. With the more than 0 million she raised as president of Smith College from 1995 to 2001, Simmons established an engineering program (the first at any women's school) and added seminars focused on public speaking to purge the ubiquitous "likes" and "ums" from the campus idiom. At a meeting to discuss the future of Smith's math department, one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response: "Dream bigger."

　　Her own dream was born in a sharecropper's shack in East Texas where there was no money for books or toys--she and her 11 siblings each got an apple, an orange and 10 nuts for Christmas. Though she was called n_____ on her walk to school, entering the classroom, she says, "was like waking up." When Simmons won a scholarship to Dillard University, her high school teachers took up a collection so she'd have a coat. She went on to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in Romance languages.

　　Simmons has made diversity her No. 1 campus crusade. She nearly doubled the enrollment of black freshmen at Smith, largely by traveling to high schools in the nation's poorest ZIP codes to recruit. Concerned with the lives of minority students once they arrive at school, she has fought to ease the racial standoffs that plague so many campuses. At Smith she turned down a request by students to have race-specific dorms. In 1993, while vice provost at Princeton, she wrote a now famous report recommending that the university establish an office of conflict resolution to defuse racial misunderstandings before they boiled over.

　　Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery. "There's no safe ground for anybody in race relations, but campuses, unlike any other institution in our society, provide the opportunity to cross racial lines," says Simmons. "And even if you're hurt, you can't walk away. You have to walk over that line."

　　注(1)：本文選自Time; 9/17/2001, Vol. 158 Issue 12, p70, 1p, 1c

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題text 2.

　　1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower?

　　[A]The president of the first-class university was really very important.

　　[B]The presidents gave them some good advice.

　　[C]The presidents of the university could easily go to the white house.

　　[D]The presidents had more power and authority than Avon ladies.

　　2.What can we infer from the second paragraph?

　　[A]Simmons was an old crusading campus leader.

　　[B]Simmons wanted to expand her university.

　　[C]Simmons knew well about how to invest the money.

　　[D]Simmons was a competent and ambitious president.

　　3.The 4th paragraph mainly talks about _________.

　　[A]Simmons greatly sympathized the black people.

　　[B]Simmons wanted to diversify her university.

　　[C]Simmons made a great effort to solve the racial problems.

　　[D]Simmons never neglect the racial problems.

　　4.What does the author mean by “the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady”(Line 4, Paragraph 1)?

　　[A]College president can get their position with the help of Avon lady.

　　[B]The jobs of college president and Avon lady are quite similar.

　　[C]College presidents got inspiration from the job of the Avon lady.

　　[D]The jobs of college presidents and the Avon lady should be separated.

　　5.Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　[A]Simmons had successfully solved the racial problems.

　　[B]Simmons owed her success to her high school teachers.

　　[C]Simmons didn't like “likes” and “ums” in campus idioms.

　　[D]Simmons asked her professor to be more ambitious and aggressive.

　　答案：ADCBD

　　篇章剖析

　　本文可以說是一篇記敘文，主要記述大學(xué)校長魯思·西蒙斯作為校園改革派的一些逸事。文章第一段就以前的大學(xué)校長和當(dāng)今的大學(xué)校長的不同之處進(jìn)行了對比;第二段記述了魯思·西蒙斯作為布朗大學(xué)的新任校長和第一個(gè)一流學(xué)校的黑人校長的一些做法;第三段描述了她的貧困家境以及求學(xué)的艱辛;第四段記述了她在以往任職的學(xué)校里的一些舉措;第五段記述了她在布朗大學(xué)所要解決的首要問題。

　　詞匯注釋

　　crusader [krU:`seIdE(r)] n.十字軍戰(zhàn)士, 改革者

　　compass [5kQmpEs] n.羅盤, 指南針, [pl.] 圓規(guī)

　　big-league adj.一流的, 最高的

　　removed (adj.) from 有區(qū)別;遙遠(yuǎn);不同;遙遠(yuǎn);關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)

　　alumni n. (口)校友(可指男女)

　　Ivy-League [5aivi-li:^] n. (美國東北部哈佛、哥倫比亞等八個(gè)名牌大學(xué)的)常春藤聯(lián)合會; 屬于該組織的名牌大學(xué)或其師生; 名牌大學(xué)派頭

　　throwback [5WrEubAk] n.【生】返祖現(xiàn)象; [喻]大倒退;逆轉(zhuǎn);(電影中的)前景重現(xiàn); (小說的)倒敘

　　of old 古時(shí)的, 從前的, 很久以前的

　　marshal [5mB:F(E)l] v. 匯集

　　purge [p\:dV] v. (使)凈化, 清除

　　ubiquitous [ju:5bIkwItEs] adj.到處存在的, (同時(shí))普遍存在的

　　sharecropper [5FeEkrRpE(r)] n.(尤指美國西南部的)小佃農(nóng)

　　shack [FAk] n.小室

　　sibling [5sIblIN] n.兄弟, 姐妹, 同胞, 同屬

　　ZIP code郵區(qū)代碼，郵政編碼(一種劃分美國郵政區(qū)域的五位數(shù)號碼)

　　recruit [rI5kru:t] v.招生，使入學(xué)使加入或設(shè)法使加入

　　standoff [`stAndCf, -R:f] n.避開, 冷淡

　　provost [5prRvEst; (?@) prEJ-] n.憲兵司令, 監(jiān)獄看守, 教務(wù)長

　　boil over v. 因沸溢出, 發(fā)怒

　　heal [hi:l] v. 治愈, 醫(yī)治, 結(jié)束

　　rupture [5rQptFE(r)] n.破裂, 決裂, 敵對, 割裂

　　incendiary [In5sendIErI; (?@) In5sendIerI] adj. 縱火的, 煽動的

　　polemicist [ pC`lemIsIst, pE-] n. 善辯論者

　　難句突破

　　1. Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery.

　　主體句式：Her first task …will be to heal…

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring;主句后面跟的是由after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句; “by” 意為“由…做(寫)”;arguing是現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，對polemicist David Horowitz進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明;后又跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句做argue的賓語。

　　句子譯文：去年春天，學(xué)生報(bào)上刊登了一篇由保守派辯論家戴維•霍羅威茨撰寫的煽動性文章。他在文章中詭稱，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度講，黑人受益于奴隸制。文章一發(fā)表，就導(dǎo)致了種族關(guān)系的破裂。她在布朗大學(xué)的首要任務(wù)就是要修復(fù)這一裂痕。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段就以前的大學(xué)校長和當(dāng)今的大學(xué)校長的不同之處進(jìn)行了對比， “There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered”是第一段前半部分的主題句，隨后作者以伍德羅·威爾遜和艾森豪威爾為例，進(jìn)一步說明這一觀點(diǎn)。

　　2.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。第二段記述了魯思·西蒙斯作為布朗大學(xué)的新任校長和第一個(gè)一流學(xué)校的黑人校長的一些成功的做法，其中包括如何進(jìn)行資金運(yùn)做，這些說明她是非常有能力的;在討論史密斯大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系發(fā)展前景的會議上，她對教授說：“Dream bigger”表明，她還是非常有雄心的。

　　3.答案為C ，屬主旨大意題。第四段記述了魯思·西蒙斯在她以往任職的學(xué)校里為解決種族問題進(jìn)行的一些努力和嘗試。

　　4.答案為B，屬猜詞題。文章第一段前半部分提到曾有一段時(shí)間一流大學(xué)的校長是非常重要的人物。緊接著though引導(dǎo)的句子進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折，指出現(xiàn)在校長的工作同雅芳小姐的工作差別越來越小了。這里主要考察“be removed from”的用法，其中removed是形容詞，詞組含義是“有區(qū)別;遙遠(yuǎn);不同;遙遠(yuǎn);關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)”。

　　5.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中對應(yīng)信息是“one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response: "Dream bigger." ”。

　　參考譯文

　　校園改革者

　　跟早期的大學(xué)校長一樣，魯思·西蒙斯是她所管理的那所大學(xué)的道德指南針

　　曾有一段時(shí)間，一流大學(xué)的校長著實(shí)起著舉足輕重的作用?！都~約時(shí)代》雜志一直關(guān)注著他們的一舉一動。就連總統(tǒng)也向他們征求意見。伍德羅·威爾遜和艾森豪威爾曾是普林斯頓和哥倫比亞大學(xué)的校長，他們的大學(xué)校長身份是他們?nèi)胫靼讓m的敲門磚。然而，今天大學(xué)校長的差事與雅芳小姐的工作差別越來越小了(除登門拜訪有錢的校友外)。

　　魯思·西蒙斯是布朗大學(xué)的新任校長，也是第一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)名牌大學(xué)的黑人校長，她就是過去校園改革派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的翻版。她不單單只籌集資金，她還把這些資金投到當(dāng)今偉大的教育事業(yè)之中。西蒙斯用她在1995-2001擔(dān)任史密斯學(xué)院院長期間籌集到的3億美元的資金開設(shè)了工程學(xué)專業(yè)(在所有女子學(xué)校里這個(gè)專業(yè)是第一次開設(shè))，并增設(shè)演講研討會，以把那些無所不在的“如像”和“嗯”等廢話從校園用語中清除出去。在一次討論史密斯大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系發(fā)展前景的會議上，一個(gè)教授戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地提出能否給他的課再增加兩次討論。她是這樣回答的：“再大膽些。”

　　她自己的夢想是在德克薩斯州東部的一個(gè)佃農(nóng)小屋里誕生的。家里沒錢買書或玩具——過圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，她和十一個(gè)兄弟姐妹每人只得到一只蘋果、一個(gè)橘子和十只堅(jiān)果。盡管在去上學(xué)的路上有人叫她黑鬼，但她進(jìn)教室時(shí)她卻說：“這倒喚醒了我。”當(dāng)她獲得在迪拉德大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金時(shí)，她的高中老師慷慨解囊，湊錢讓她買一件外套。畢業(yè)后她接著上哈佛大學(xué)，攻讀拉丁系語言博士學(xué)位。

　　西蒙斯把多樣性作為校園改革的頭等大事。她幾乎使史密斯大學(xué)的黑人新生入學(xué)人數(shù)翻了一番。能做到這一步主要是靠她親自到美國最貧困地區(qū)的高中去招生的結(jié)果。少數(shù)民族學(xué)生來校后，她一直關(guān)心學(xué)生的情況，一直為緩解令很多校園十分苦惱的種族冷漠情緒而奮斗。在史密斯大學(xué)，她拒絕了學(xué)生提出的按種族分住公寓的要求。她在1993年任普林斯頓大學(xué)副教務(wù)長期間，寫了一篇至今仍很著名的報(bào)告。在報(bào)告中，她建議大學(xué)成立一個(gè)專門解決種族沖突的辦公室，以在種族誤解激化之前化解之。

　　去年春天，學(xué)生報(bào)上刊登了一篇由保守派辯論家戴維•霍羅威茨撰寫的煽動性文章。他在文章中詭稱，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度講，黑人受益于奴隸制。文章一發(fā)表，就導(dǎo)致了種族關(guān)系的破裂。她在布朗大學(xué)的首要任務(wù)就是要修復(fù)這一裂痕。“在種族關(guān)系中，任何人都沒有什么安全的地方。但是校園不同于我們社會上的其它機(jī)構(gòu)，它給我們提供了跨越種族界限的機(jī)會，”西蒙斯說，“即便你受到了傷害，你也不能一走了之，你得跨越這條線。”

　　考研英語教育類閱讀理解練習(xí)：THE ECONOMICS OF KARATE

　　As the number of home-schooled kids soars, districts are trying novel ways to lure them back to the fold

　　Largely for "spiritual reasons," Nancy Manos started home-schooling her ch

　　ildren five years ago and has studiously avoided public schools ever since. Yet last week, she was enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter, Olivia, in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichment--a program run by the Mesa, Ariz., public schools and taught by district teachers. Manos still wants to handle the basics, but likes that Eagleridge offers the extras, "things I couldn't teach." One doubt, though, lingers in her mind: why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything?

　　A big part of the answer is economics. The number of home-schooled kids nationwide has risen to as many as 1.9 million from an estimated 345,000 in 1994, and school districts that get state and local dollars per child are beginning to suffer. In Maricopa County, which includes Mesa, the number of home-schooled kids has more than doubled during that period to 7,526; at about ,500 a child, that's nearly million a year in lost revenue.

　　Not everyone's happy with these innovations. Some states have taken the opposite tack. Like about half the states, West Virginia refuses to allow home-schooled kids to play public-school sports. And in Arizona, some complain that their tax dollars are being used to create programs for families who, essentially, eschew participation in public life. "That makes my teeth grit,'' says Daphne Atkeson, whose 10-year-old son attends public school in Paradise Valley. Even some committed home-schoolers question the new programs, given their central irony: they turn home-schoolers into public-school students, says Bob Parsons, president of the Alaska Private and Home Educators Association. "We've lost about one third of our members to those programs. They're so enticing.''

　　Mesa started Eagleridge four years ago, when it saw how much money it was losing from home-schoolers--and how unprepared some students were when they re-entered the schools. Since it began, the program's enrollment has nearly doubled to 397, and last year the district moved Eagleridge to a strip mall (between a pizza joint and a laser-tag arcade). Parents typically drop off their kids once a week; because most of the children qualify as quarter-time students, the district collects 1 per child. "It's like getting a taste of what real school is like,'' says 10-year-old Chad Lucas, who's learning computer animation and creative writing.

　　Other school districts are also experimenting with novel ways to court home schoolers. The town of Galena, Alaska, (pop. 600) has just 178 students. But in 1997, its school administrators figured they could reach beyond their borders. Under the program, the district gives home-schooling families free computers and Internet service for correspondence classes. In return, the district gets ,100 per student enrolled in the program--.6 million a year, which it has used partly for a new vocational school. Such alternatives just might appeal to other districts. Ernest Felty, head of Hardin County schools in southern Illinois, has 10 home-schooled pupils. That may not sound like much--except that he has a staff of 68, and at ,500 a child, "that's probably a teacher's salary,'' Felty says. With the right robotics or art class, though, he could take the home out of home schooling.

　　By Flynn McRoberts Newsweek; 11/06/2000, Vol. 136 Issue 19, p62, 1p, 2c

　　注(1)：本文選自Newsweek，11/06/2000，p62

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2005年Text 1。

　　1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

　　[A]posing a contrast

　　[B]justifying an assumption

　　[C]explaining a phenomenon

　　[D]making a comparison

　　2.The statement "That makes my teeth grit,''(Line 4, Paragraph 3) implies that

　　[A]I wanted to eat something.

　　[B]I was angry and dissatisfied.

　　[C]I was in favor of what the public school had done.

　　[D]I wanted not to bring my children to that school.

　　3.The public school system wants to offer home-school families something, because

　　[A]it does not want to lose much money from the increasing home-schoolers.

　　[B]home-schoolers have some difficulty in getting some particular knowledge.

　　[C]home-schoolers are eager to have a taste of what a real school is like.

　　[D]it has the responsibility to help the home-schoolers.

　　4.The statistics in Paragraph two helps us draw a conclusion that

　　[A]economics is greatly influenced by so many home-schoolers.

　　[B]the number of the home-schoolers is steadily increasing.

　　[C]it is a great loss for the public school system to have so many home-schoolers.

　　[D]home-schooling has an incomparable advantage over the public school system.

　　5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　[A]The tuition the home schoolers have to pay for the public school is very high.

　　[B]Public school system gains much profit from the home schoolers.

　　[C]Home schoolers do not want to receive education at home any more.

　　[D]Public school system tries to attract the home schoolers back to school.

　　答案：CBACB

　　篇章剖析

　　本文采用提出問題——分析問題的模式，指出在家受教育的人對公立學(xué)校造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)威脅，以及公立學(xué)校對這一現(xiàn)象的不同反應(yīng)和做法。文中第一段以在家受教育的人為例，來說明教育中存在的在家受教育這一現(xiàn)象;第二段分析公立學(xué)校不愿意放棄這些人的主要原因;第三段指出有些州不同的做法;第四段具體指出Eagleridge這一做法的目的以及給在家受教育的人帶來的好處;第五段指出一些公立學(xué)校的成功做法。

　　詞匯注釋

　　studiously [5stju:dIEslI ; (?@) 5stu:-]adv.有意地, 故意地

　　tack[tAk]行動方針;策略

　　eschew [Is5tFu:]vt.避開, 遠(yuǎn)避

　　grit [^rIt]v.咬(牙)把(牙齒)緊咬在一起

　　enticing [In`taIsIN]adj.引誘的, 迷人的

　　難句突破

　　1.Yet last week, she was enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter, Olivia, in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichment--a program run by the Mesa, Ariz., public schools and taught by district teachers.

　　主體句式：she was… enrolling her 8-year-old daughter… in sign language and modern dance classes

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話是個(gè)簡單句。其中“enroll in”意為“在…方面注冊,報(bào)名參加”;Olivia是daughter的同位語;a program是Eagleridge Enrichment的同位語，過去分詞run和taught做定語來修飾program。

　　句子譯文：然而上周，她卻急切地給她八歲的女兒奧利維亞報(bào)名參加在Eagleridge Enrichment舉辦的手語課和現(xiàn)代舞蹈課的學(xué)習(xí)。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第一段以Nancy Manos為例，來說明現(xiàn)在越來越多的人

　　傾向于在家受教育這一現(xiàn)象。

　　2.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。第三段第一句話“Not everyone's happy with these innovations.”

　　是本段的主題句，意為“并不是所有人都認(rèn)同這些舉措。”后面舉出的例子用以說明這一論點(diǎn)。其中“refuse”和“complain”都用來表示這些人的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)。又給出的這個(gè)例子也是這一用意，故猜出此意。

　　3.答案為A,屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段最后一句提出問題“why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything?”在第二段第一句作者做出了回答：“A big part of the answer is economics.”

　　4.答案為C，屬推理判斷題。第二段的主題句是“A big part of the answer is economics.”然

　　后作者給出了一系列的數(shù)據(jù)來使這一論點(diǎn)更有可信性。

　　5.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。第五段第一句話“Other school districts are also experimenting

　　with novel ways to court home schoolers.”是本段的主題句。后面舉出的例子是為了更好的說明這一點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也說明了這一做法給它們帶來的好處。

　　參考譯文

　　空手道經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　隨著在家里受教育孩子的人數(shù)的迅猛上升，各學(xué)區(qū)都在嘗試新辦法，試圖吸引他們重返學(xué)校

　　主要是由于“精神方面的原因”，南希•馬諾斯五年前開始自己在家里教育孩子，并從此以后有意避開公立學(xué)校。然而上周，她卻急切地給她八歲的女兒奧利維亞報(bào)名參加在Eagleridge Enrichment舉辦的手語課和現(xiàn)代舞蹈課的學(xué)習(xí)。Eagleridge Enrichment項(xiàng)目是由亞利桑那州的梅薩公立學(xué)校舉辦的，并由學(xué)區(qū)的老師授課。馬諾斯還想繼續(xù)教基礎(chǔ)課，但她希望Eagleridge教授其余的“我教不了的東西”。但是她的腦海里一直有一個(gè)疑問：為什么公立學(xué)校愿意為進(jìn)行家教的家庭提供他們所需要的一切呢?

　　答案的主要部分是經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的原因。全國在家受教育的孩子的數(shù)量已經(jīng)從1994年估計(jì)的34.5千人上升到了190萬人。那些靠按孩子人數(shù)從州政府和當(dāng)?shù)卣@得財(cái)政支持的學(xué)區(qū)開始受到損害。在梅薩所在的馬利柯帕縣，在家受教育孩子的數(shù)量在這期間增長了兩倍，達(dá)到了7,526人。按一個(gè)孩子4,500美元計(jì)算，這意味著一年所損失的收入將達(dá)到近3.4億美元。

　　并不是每個(gè)人都對這些舉措感到高興。有些州采取了與之相反的策略。同占半數(shù)的其它州的做法一樣，西弗吉尼亞拒絕讓在家受教育的孩子參加公立學(xué)校的運(yùn)動比賽。在亞利桑那州，有人抱怨他們繳納的稅金被用來設(shè)立一些專門為那些實(shí)際上逃避社會生活的家庭參加的項(xiàng)目。“這真使我恨得咬牙切齒。”達(dá)夫妮•阿特基森這樣說。他十歲的兒子在帕拉代斯瓦利公立學(xué)校上學(xué)。甚至那些堅(jiān)持在家接受教育的人也對此新計(jì)劃嗤之以鼻，表示疑問：這些項(xiàng)目旨在把受家庭教育的人變成公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生，阿拉斯加個(gè)人和家庭教育者協(xié)會會長鮑勃•帕森斯說，“這些計(jì)劃已挖走了我們?nèi)种坏臅T。這些計(jì)劃實(shí)在是太誘人了。”

　　四年前，當(dāng)意識到從那些在家接受教育的人身上損失了那么多的錢，并且當(dāng)這些人重新入學(xué)時(shí)他們又是那么的毫無準(zhǔn)備，梅薩便率先發(fā)起了Eagleridge項(xiàng)目。從它成立之日起，前來注冊的人數(shù)幾乎翻了一番，達(dá)到397人。去年，學(xué)區(qū)將Eagleridge項(xiàng)目遷移到一家商鋪密集的商業(yè)廣場(在一家比薩餅店與一個(gè)帶巨大標(biāo)記的拱廊之間)。孩子的父母一般每周只需送一次。由于大多數(shù)孩子只取得四分之一學(xué)生的資格，所以學(xué)區(qū)對每個(gè)孩子只收911美元的學(xué)費(fèi)。“這只是讓你體會一下去真正的學(xué)校上學(xué)是什么滋味。”十歲的查德•盧卡斯這樣說道。他正在學(xué)習(xí)電腦動畫制作和寫作。

　　其它學(xué)區(qū)也在嘗試新辦法來獲取這些在家接受教育人的支持。阿拉斯加州的加利納鎮(zhèn)(人口600)只有178名學(xué)生。但是在1997年，學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人認(rèn)為他們可以(使學(xué)生人數(shù))超過這個(gè)數(shù)。按照學(xué)校計(jì)劃，學(xué)區(qū)為在家從事家庭教育的家庭免費(fèi)提供函授課程所用的電腦和互連網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)。作為回報(bào)，學(xué)區(qū)在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中對每個(gè)注冊的學(xué)生收費(fèi)3,100美元——一年合計(jì)960萬。學(xué)區(qū)把其中的一部分資金用來再建一所新的職業(yè)學(xué)校。這樣的方案對其他學(xué)區(qū)還是很有吸引力的。歐內(nèi)斯特•費(fèi)爾提是伊利諾斯州南部哈丁縣縣屬學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人。他負(fù)責(zé)10個(gè)在家接受教育的小學(xué)生。這聽起來沒什么大不了的——除了他有68位員工和每個(gè)學(xué)生收取4,500美元的學(xué)費(fèi)以外。費(fèi)爾提說：“那差不多相當(dāng)于一個(gè)老師的工資”。憑借合適的機(jī)器人技術(shù)或美術(shù)課，他能夠讓那些在家接受教育的人不在家上課了。

　　

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