非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣
英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞兩大類(lèi),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中可以作謂語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也是難點(diǎn),規(guī)則很多,容易混淆和出錯(cuò)。下面小編利用口訣學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的方法,希望能幫到大家。
巧用口訣學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
“非謂”形式記憶口訣
“非謂”形式1、2、3,過(guò)去分詞最簡(jiǎn)單;
現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞,兩種形式記心間;
不定式形式有三種,“完成”“進(jìn)行”和“一般”。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式共分三種,即過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式,現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種形式,動(dòng)詞不定式有三種形式,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“非謂形式1、2、3”。見(jiàn)下表(以動(dòng)詞do為例,下同)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式1、2、3 (圖1)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
一 般 式
進(jìn) 行式
完 成 式
過(guò)去分詞
done
現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞
doing
being done
having done
having been done
動(dòng)詞不定式
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
從
從上表格中可以看出過(guò)去分詞最簡(jiǎn)單,只有一種形式,即一般式done,現(xiàn)在分詞分一般和完成兩種形式,動(dòng)詞不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式三種形式。熟記這些形式,是學(xué)好和用好非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的必要前提,必須在“熟”字上下功夫。當(dāng)我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),大腦中首先浮現(xiàn)出“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式1、2、3”這幅圖表,答題就有了較好的基礎(chǔ)。
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的功能
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總共有10種形式,每種形式用法均不同,不僅如此,有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式在句子中還可以充當(dāng)同一功能(比如過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式均可在句中做定語(yǔ)),但存在區(qū)別。以下表格(圖2)僅介紹非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞10種形式的主要功能及特點(diǎn),詳細(xì)用法可參看有關(guān)語(yǔ)法書(shū)籍。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式功能表(圖2)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
句 中 功 能
主要特點(diǎn)
done
定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)
被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成
doing
主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)
主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行
being done
主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)
被動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行
having done
狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、不能作定語(yǔ)
主動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成
having been done
狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、不能作定語(yǔ)
被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成
to do
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
主動(dòng),將要發(fā)生
to be done
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
被動(dòng),將要發(fā)生
to be doing
賓語(yǔ)(常與動(dòng)詞搭配)
主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行
to have done
賓語(yǔ)(常與動(dòng)詞搭配)
主動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成
to have been done
賓語(yǔ)(常與動(dòng)詞搭配)
被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成
說(shuō)明:1.doing和to do 都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),但to do 表示將要進(jìn)行的“某一次”動(dòng)作,doing則表示經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作(例1);它們都可以用作狀語(yǔ),但doing表示伴隨或行為方式,而to do常表示目的(例2);2.doing/being done 和having done/having been done都可以在句中作狀語(yǔ),但dong/being done表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,而having done/having been done表示的動(dòng)作則發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前(例3、例4);3.done,being done, to be done 這三個(gè)被動(dòng)形式都可以在句子中作定語(yǔ),但它們的時(shí)間概念有明顯不同(例4-6);4.動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式和完成式常與一些動(dòng)詞搭配(例8、例9)。試比較以下例句:
1..She likes swimming very much but she doesn’t like to swim this afternoon because it is cold. 她(平時(shí))非常喜歡游泳,但是她不喜歡今天下午(這一次)游泳,因?yàn)樘鞖廨^冷。
2.Mary went to street to do some shopping, driving her new car.
瑪麗上街去買(mǎi)東西(目的),開(kāi)著(行為方式狀語(yǔ))自己的新車(chē)。
3. Entering the room, I saw a cat jumping on te table. 一進(jìn)房間,我就看見(jiàn)貓?jiān)谧郎咸?/p>
4. Having worked for hours, I felt a little tired. 已經(jīng)工作了幾個(gè)小時(shí),我感到有點(diǎn)兒累
5. Do you like the room cleaned by me just now? 你喜歡我已經(jīng)打掃的那個(gè)房間嗎?
Do you like the room being cleaned by me now? 你喜歡我正在打掃的那個(gè)房間嗎?
Do you like the room to be cleaned by me soon? 你喜歡我即將打掃的那個(gè)房間嗎
8. When I came in the boy seemed to be sleeping. 我進(jìn)去時(shí)那個(gè)男孩似乎正在睡覺(jué)。
When they came here I happened to have gone out.他們來(lái)這兒時(shí)我碰巧出去了。
注意:例1中的過(guò)去分詞cleaned不能用having been cleaned來(lái)代替,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般在句子中作狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。
三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用口訣
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有一些比較細(xì)的規(guī)則和特殊用法,運(yùn)用以下口訣,聯(lián)想老師所講的或語(yǔ)法書(shū)上所寫(xiě)的一些細(xì)則,答題時(shí)思路就清晰得多:
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用口訣
一看主語(yǔ)或主格,主動(dòng)被動(dòng)分清白;
二看句中作何用,形式、時(shí)態(tài)慎選擇;
三看動(dòng)詞咋搭配,約定俗成是規(guī)則;
四看句型與句意,特殊用法要記得。
一看主語(yǔ)或主格,主動(dòng)被動(dòng)分清白
1.The Olympic Games,__________ in 776B.C,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET1997)
A. first playing B to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
該句的主語(yǔ)the Olympic Games與play之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除A.D.兩項(xiàng),B項(xiàng)是不定式的被動(dòng)形式,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)排除,故C項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。
2. _____________, I will go bowling with you this afternoon.
A. Mother permits B. If Mother permit
C. Mother permitting D. Mother permitted
A選項(xiàng)本身是一個(gè)句子,缺少連詞與后邊的句子連接;B項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法有錯(cuò),permit應(yīng)為permits;C項(xiàng)的mother為主格,與動(dòng)詞permit之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以正確答案為C.
二看句中作何用,形式與時(shí)態(tài)慎選擇
European football is played in 80 countries, ___________ it the most famous popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
此題答案為A, making是現(xiàn)在分詞,在句中作狀語(yǔ),與主語(yǔ)European football是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;D項(xiàng)是不定式的主動(dòng)形式,可作目的狀語(yǔ),但目的狀語(yǔ)前不用逗號(hào);B.C屬語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
三看動(dòng)詞咋搭配,約定俗成是規(guī)則
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___________into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
can’t help是“抑制不住”“情不自禁”的意思,其后要接doing或being done 等形式,屬固定搭配,故排除A.D兩項(xiàng)。從句意來(lái)看,是人們“被說(shuō)服”,所以答案為C,persuade sb into doing sth = persuade sb to do sth.
四看句型與句意,特殊用法要記得
1) How about the two of us ___________ a walk down the garden? (MET 1993)
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
how/what about + doing(n. pron.)是固定句型,該句中的the two of us 是動(dòng)名詞taking的邏輯主語(yǔ),the two of us taking一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在句子中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)。
2) The research is so designed that once __________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
該句中的once begun是once it is begun的省略句,意為“一旦開(kāi)始”,故答案為D.例如:Once (it is ) seen, it will never be forgotten. 一旦看見(jiàn)(它),永久難忘。
3) ----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
----The key _________the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve, making D. to solve; made
該題中的the key to sth/doing sth 意為“......的關(guān)鍵”“......的答案”,to 為介詞,其后要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞,第二空有短語(yǔ)by the customers,很明顯要選過(guò)去分詞made,所以正確答案為B.該句的意思是:解決這個(gè)難題的關(guān)鍵是滿(mǎn)足顧客所提出的要求。
十招搞定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法分析說(shuō)明:
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義,
我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。
1.不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作;而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)
(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車(chē)令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))
(3)不定式做主語(yǔ),一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)
不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作,特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做兩件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開(kāi)始干。
如果主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件),表語(yǔ)也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)To see is to believe.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。
如果主語(yǔ)是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買(mǎi)一輛豪華轎車(chē)。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.
(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),表示抽象的一般性的行為。
Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛(ài)好是集郵。
注:動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異,進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.
(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)
分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況,一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ),一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)。
這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)??嫉降牡胤健R话銇?lái)說(shuō),表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite, interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞,漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”,“高興”,而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”,
因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”,過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
換句話說(shuō),若人對(duì)……感興趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí),就是說(shuō)sb./sth. is interesting.
這類(lèi)詞常見(jiàn)的有:
interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的
exciting令人激動(dòng)的--excited感到激動(dòng)的
delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人費(fèi)解的--puzzled感到費(fèi)解的
satisfying令人滿(mǎn)意的---satisfied感到滿(mǎn)意的
surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的
worrying令人擔(dān)心的--worried感到擔(dān)心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲勞。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多,他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,他們非常激動(dòng)。
(4)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式,也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ),但有些動(dòng)詞要求:
(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)
attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視
afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算
begin開(kāi)始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法
cease停止 hate憎恨,厭惡 pretend假裝
ask問(wèn) dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love愛(ài)
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
beg請(qǐng)求 fail不能 plan計(jì)劃
bother擾亂;煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡,寧愿
care關(guān)心,喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備
decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí) regret抱歉,遺憾
choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明
claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾,允許
start開(kāi)始 undertake承接 want想要
consent同意,贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕
decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí) vow起
contrive設(shè)法,圖謀 incline有…傾向 propose提議
seek找,尋覓 try試圖
2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ):動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式
ask要求,邀請(qǐng) get請(qǐng),得到 prompt促使
allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡,寧愿
announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使
bride 收買(mǎi) inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求
assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定,表示
advise勸告 exhort告誡,勉勵(lì) pray請(qǐng)求
authorize授權(quán),委托 help幫助 recommend勸告,推薦
bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒
beg請(qǐng)求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告
compel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引,邀請(qǐng), summon傳喚
command命令 intend想要,企圖 show 顯示
drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲,打算 train訓(xùn)練
cause引起 instruct指示 require要求
deserve應(yīng)受 leave使,讓 tell告訴
direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘
entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡
enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì),力說(shuō)
encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要
condemn指責(zé),譴責(zé) lead引起,使得 teach教
entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望
奇速英語(yǔ)暑假網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動(dòng)直播課程11月報(bào)班9.5折,兩科連報(bào)8.5折,并送十講突破核心語(yǔ)法視頻,詳情請(qǐng)咨詢(xún)qq:2835745855或者3234190098
來(lái)不及的不是時(shí)間,而是行動(dòng),心動(dòng)就馬上行動(dòng),當(dāng)你還在猶豫的時(shí)候,先報(bào)名的童鞋已經(jīng)甩你很遠(yuǎn)了。
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十大實(shí)用解題原則
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三種形式,可是其用法非常廣泛,它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測(cè)試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法,筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則,并且還用相關(guān)的題目來(lái)解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則,相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
原則一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接,如果沒(méi)有連詞連接,則需要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told
例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told
解析:例1中有連詞but連接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案為C。
例2中后面是一個(gè)句子,而且沒(méi)有連詞,所以前面不是句子,應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意此處為被動(dòng),所以答案為A。
原則二、不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)-ed形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用-ing形式,無(wú)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用-ed形式
例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
解析:lose為及物動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),所以用-ed形式,答案為B。
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.
A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration
C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities
解析:把。。??紤]進(jìn)來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)為take sth into consideration,現(xiàn)在take后面有賓語(yǔ)all the possibilities,所以用-ing形式,答案為B。
原則三、being done 表示“正在被”,一般不作狀語(yǔ),只作定語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)形式to have done或having done強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前
例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
解析:根據(jù)句意“我們沒(méi)有打通電話,就給他們發(fā)了個(gè)郵件”,沒(méi)有打通電話應(yīng)該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前,所以用having done,答案為D。
例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.
A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found
解析:根據(jù)句意,Tim Bemers-Lee創(chuàng)立萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)應(yīng)該是過(guò)去的事情,而且be considered后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式,所以應(yīng)該用to have done,答案為A。
原則四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示將來(lái)用-to do,表正在進(jìn)行用-ing,表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed
例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A.produced B.being produced
C.to be produced D.having been produced
解析:根據(jù)本題中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next month,可知the play將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來(lái),表將來(lái)應(yīng)該用to do,所以答案為C。
例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
解析:根據(jù)句意“被暴風(fēng)雨刮倒的樹(shù)已經(jīng)從路上移走了”,樹(shù)被刮倒是過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,表已經(jīng)完成用-ed形式,所以答案為B。
原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加邏輯主語(yǔ)
例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.
A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught
C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught
解析:本題led to中的to是介詞,后面應(yīng)該用-ing形式,the thief作-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ),所以答案為D。
例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
解析:本題the noise of中的of是介詞,后面應(yīng)該用-ing形式,desks作-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ),所以答案為C。
原則六、-ing形式或to do可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),-ed形式則不可以
例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch
解析:本題中is為系動(dòng)詞,前面應(yīng)該作主語(yǔ),用-ing形式,所以答案為C。
例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined
解析:本題中is為系動(dòng)詞,前面應(yīng)該作主語(yǔ),用-ing形式,所以答案為C。
原則七、be+-ed+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)??砂裝e去掉保留-ed+介詞做狀語(yǔ)
例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
解析:“和。。。相比較”結(jié)構(gòu)為be compared with,現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語(yǔ),所以只保留非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,把動(dòng)詞be去掉,答案為D。
例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
解析:“面對(duì)”結(jié)構(gòu)為be faced with, 現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語(yǔ),所以只保留非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,把動(dòng)詞be去掉,答案為C。
原則八、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致,和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式,構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),要在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
例15. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
解析:本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)the postman一致,the postman應(yīng)該是被咬,所以答案為B。
例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
解析:本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)he一致, he 和walk應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以答案為B。
例17. While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
解析:根據(jù)“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致”的原則,watching的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和后面句子主語(yǔ)一致,所以句子主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“we”,答案為C。
例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
解析:本題沒(méi)有連詞,所以后面應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,the lessons是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是“被完成”,所以答案為B。
原則九、不定式做狀語(yǔ)一般有兩種:目的狀語(yǔ)和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)(表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing形式)。另外,某些形容詞(表喜、怒、哀、樂(lè))做表語(yǔ)后跟不定式可以表示原因
例19._____, you need to give all you have and try your best.奇速英語(yǔ)公眾微信號(hào)qisuen
A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner
解析:根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者,你要付出所有,盡最大努力”,此處表目的,所以答案為B。
例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
解析:本句句意為“記者們匆匆趕到機(jī)場(chǎng),卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了”,表出乎意料的結(jié)果常常用only to do,所以答案為B。
例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
解析:本題句意為“玻璃門(mén)替換了木頭門(mén),自然光就進(jìn)來(lái)了”,自然光進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)順其自然的結(jié)果,所以用doing, 答案為B。
例22.How glad I am ___________ you!
A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen
解析: 本題是I am glad to see you 的感嘆句形式,to see you 是原因狀語(yǔ),答案為B。
原則十、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定原則是在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not,有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done幾種形式
例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
解析: 本題考查doing的否定形式not doing,答案為 C。
例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.
A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed
C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed
解析:本題考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 為not being done的邏輯主語(yǔ),所以答
案為B。
例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.
A. don’t go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go
解析:本題考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案為D。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式三種。這是高考中的熱點(diǎn),其考查量多、面廣,幾乎是必考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。近六年高考復(fù)現(xiàn)率達(dá)百分之百。縱觀試題,其考查重點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的作用及功能相同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的區(qū)別。學(xué)生對(duì)此知識(shí)也“知之半解”,深感頭疼。請(qǐng)看下面的方法,將有助于記住不定式及動(dòng)名詞。
1、動(dòng)詞的不定式
①不定式有標(biāo)記, to與動(dòng)詞連一起。
②沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)數(shù)變化, 動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。
?、壑髻e定狀表補(bǔ)語(yǔ), 唯獨(dú)作謂不可以。
?、躰ot 加上不定式, 否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。
?、菀蓡?wèn)詞與不定式, 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有意義。
⑥仔細(xì)推敲多思考, 準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。
解析:
?、?ldquo;to+動(dòng)詞原形”是它的基本構(gòu)成形式,即不定式的標(biāo)記。
?、谒鼪](méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,不管主語(yǔ)是任何人稱(chēng),單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞不定式都沒(méi)有變化。但它仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
?、鬯哂忻~、形容詞和副詞三大特點(diǎn),所以,它在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)。
?、?ldquo;not +動(dòng)詞不定式”是它的否定形式,不要受其他否定式的影響,要記住規(guī)律。
?、菀蓡?wèn)代詞what, who, whom, which和疑問(wèn)副詞where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。
⑥通過(guò)以上分析,只要仔細(xì)研究,把不定式的功能用法搞清楚,在應(yīng)用時(shí)就能作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。
2、動(dòng)名詞:
哪些動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞,下面的順口溜有助于記憶。
喜歡、考慮不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
停止,放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(stop, give up , risk)
反對(duì)想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off)
要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)
建議繼續(xù)勤*練(suggest, go on, practise)
不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持(can’t help, excuse , insist on)
繼續(xù)注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)