錢(qián)學(xué)森的英文簡(jiǎn)介
錢(qián)學(xué)森的英文簡(jiǎn)介
錢(qián)學(xué)森，世界著名科學(xué)家，空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)家，中國(guó)載人航天奠基人，被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)航天之父”，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的錢(qián)學(xué)森的英文簡(jiǎn)介，希望對(duì)你有用!
錢(qián)學(xué)森簡(jiǎn)介
Qian Xuesen (1911.12.11-2009.10.31), the Han nationality, Wu Yue Wang Qian 镠 33rd Sun, was born in Shanghai, native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province Lin'an. The world's leading scientist, aerodynamics, the founder of China's manned space, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China's two bombs a meritorious service medal winner, known as "the father of China's space" "China's father of the missile" Automation control of the father "and" the king of the rocket ", as Qian Xuesen returned to the effectiveness of the Chinese missile, the atomic bomb launch forward for at least 20 years.
In 1934, graduated from the National Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, former Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology professor. In 1955, in the Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai's fight back to China. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1959 and served as director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the China University of Science and Technology, director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice minister of the Seventh Machinery Industry Department, deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, honorary chairman of the China Science and Technology Association, Vice Chairman of the Sixth, 7th and 8th National Commissions of the Consultative Conference, Member of the Department of Mathematics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Astronautical Society, Senior Consultant of the General Technology Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and other important positions of the China Society of Automation. , The second chairman. In 1995, approved by the Central Propaganda Department and Qian Xuesen himself agreed that his alma mater, Xi'an Jiaotong University, named the library as Qian Xuesen Library, and then wrote the name of the Communist Party of China by Comrade Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. October 31, 2009 Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.
In order to further promote Comrade Qian Xuesen patriotism, innovation, dedication of the performance and spirit, the central research, decided to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xuhui campus construction Qian Xuesen library. December 8, 2011, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Qian Xuesen forum held in the Great Hall of the people.
錢(qián)學(xué)森人物經(jīng)歷
Before going abroad
Qian Xuesen was born in 1911 in Shanghai, native of Lin'an City, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. In September 1923, into the Beijing Normal University secondary school.
1929 was admitted to the Ministry of Railways Jiaotong University Shanghai School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Railway Engineering, 1934 graduated from the National Jiaotong University (now Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi'an Jiaotong University), in June to obtain the seventh session of Tsinghua University students.
In September 1935, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics, September 1936 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a master's degree in aviation engineering, after the California Institute of Technology Aviation Department of learning, become the world's leading scientist von Carmen (Theodore von Kármán), and soon became the most important student of von Carmen.
He has a master's degree in aviation engineering and a doctorate in aviation and mathematics. July 1938 to August 1955, Qian Xuesen in the United States engaged in aerodynamics, solid mechanics and rockets, missiles and other fields of research, and with the mentor to complete the high-speed aerodynamics research topics and the establishment of "Carmen - Qian Xuesen" formula, At the age of twenty-eight became a world-renowned aerodynist.
In 1939, he received a doctorate in aviation from the California Institute of Technology. In 1943, he was an assistant professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1945, he was an associate professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1947, he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1947, married in Shanghai and Jiang Ying. In 1949, he was the director and professor of the Jet Propulsion Center of the California Institute of Technology. In 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, advocated from the micro-law of matter to determine its macro-mechanical characteristics, opened up a new field of high temperature and pressure. In 1954, "Engineering Cybernetics" published in English, the Russian version of the book, German version, the Chinese version was in 1956, 1957, published in 1958. In 1958 he was the director of modern mechanics department of China University of Science and Technology.
Was detained
1949
When the news of the birth of the People's Republic of China came to the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying will discuss the early return to the motherland, for their own national effectiveness. At this time the United States, led by McCarthy to the Communists to conduct a comprehensive tracing, and set off in the United States to drive an employee loyal to the US government's frenzy. Qian Xuesen was suspected of being a communist and refused to expose his friends, by the US military department suddenly revoked the certificate to participate in confidential research. Qian Xuesen very angry, as a reason to return home.
In 1950, when Qian was ready to return home, he was stopped by US officials and imprisoned in prison. Dan A. Kimball, then chief of the US Navy, claimed that Qian Xuesen, wherever he went, On the five divisions of the troops. Since then, Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the US government, but also lost valuable freedom, he lost about 30 pounds a month or so. The immigration department copied his home and detained him for 14 days on the island of Tennessee until he received the $ 15,000 huge bail sent by the California Institute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. The US prosecutor once again examined all of his material before proving that he was innocent.
Hard to return
In the early 1950s
Qian Xuesen news of persecution in the United States soon spread to China, Chinese science and technology friends through a variety of ways to support Qian Xuesen. The CPC Central Committee is extremely concerned about the situation of the United States in the United States, the Chinese government issued a statement publicly condemned the US government in violation of their wishes in the case of imprisonment of Qian Xuesen.
In 1954, a chance, he saw in the newspaper Chen Shutong standing on the tower of Tiananmen Square, the identity of the National People's Congress Standing Committee vice chairman, he decided to give the father of a good friend to write for help. While Premier Zhou Enlai was very anxious for this time, when he was vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Chen Shutong received a letter sent from the other side of the ocean. He opened a look, signed "Qian Xuesen", the original is to ask the motherland government to help him return home.
In April 1954, the five countries of the United States and Britain and the Soviet Union held an international conference to discuss and resolve the DPRK issue and to restore peace in Indochina in Geneva. Zhou Enlai, head of the Chinese delegation attending the meeting, was reminded that a group of foreign students and scientists in China were detained in the United States and instructed the Americans that if the British diplomats had been able to clear the relationship with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new Contact channel.
Wang Bingnan, secretary general of the Chinese delegation, began his preliminary talks with the United States and Vice-Premier of the United States on June 5, 1954. The United States has submitted a list of some US military personnel in the United States in China and detained by China, asking China to give them the opportunity to return home. In order to express China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make concessions in the third meeting of China and the United States held on June 15, 1954, and also asked the United States to stop the detention of Chinese students such as Qian Xuesen.
However, the legitimate demands of the Chinese side were unreasonably rejected by the US side. July 21, 1954, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt the communication channel, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan and the United States to agree that since July 22, 1954, the consular level talks in Geneva. In order to further express China's sincerity towards Sino-US talks, China released four seized US pilots.
China's concessions, and ultimately to fight for the United States and other scientists to return to the United States as soon as possible, but in this critical issue, the United States on behalf of Johnson or China can not get money to learn the real reason to return, that is not let go.
In 1955, after the continuous efforts of Premier Chou En-lai in his diplomatic negotiations with the United States - even including the release of 11 US pilots captured in the Korean War as an exchange. On August 4, 1955, Qian Xuesen received the US immigration office to allow him Notice of return. September 17, 1955, Qian Xuesen return to the desire to finally be realized, this day Qian Xuesen carrying his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, boarded the "Cleveland President" ship, set foot on the journey back to the motherland. October 1, 1955 morning, Qian Xuesen finally returned to his dream of the motherland, back to his hometown.
After returning home
After returning, Zhou Enlai in all respects have given Qian Xuesen cordial and meticulous care, his later years Qian Xuesen also excitedly recalled a past: 1970, China's first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong" launch on the eve of Premier Zhou Enlai convened the relevant Researchers in the Great Hall of the meeting, parting, Premier Zhou Enlai deliberately stopped Qian Xuesen: Qian Xuesen, you do not be too tired. Qian Xuesen often said to his people, the deepest impact on his life and help the largest two people, one is the founding Premier Zhou Enlai, one is his father-in-law Jiang Baili.
In the same year, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, according to his proposal, set up a leading body of missile and aviation science research, the Aviation Industry Committee, and appointed the State Council and the State Council to set up a report on the establishment of the national defense aviation industry. He is a member.
In 1956 to participate in China's first five years of scientific planning to determine, Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang, Qian Sanqiang together, was Zhou Enlai called the Chinese science and technology sector, "three money", Qian Xuesen ordered the formation of China's first rocket, missile research institute - Fifth Institute of Defense and served as the first president.
In 1956, he served as director of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher. Working in mechanics before and after 1972. At the second plenary session of the Second National Committee of the CPPCC, he was elected as the second member of the CPPCC National Committee.
In 1957, at the Qian Xuesen initiative, the Chinese Society of Mechanics was established, Qian Xuesen was unanimously elected as the first chairman. On February 18, Premier Chou En-lai signed an order to appoint Qian Xuesen as the first president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. On November 16, Premier Chou En-lai appointed Qian Xuesen as the president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. In the same year, Qian Xuesen's "Engineering Cybernetics" won the first prize of the Natural Science Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was elected by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In June 1957, the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Society of Automation was established in Beijing, Qian Xuesen as chairman. In September the same year, the International Association for the establishment of the General Assembly recommended Qian Xuesen as the first IFAC Council executive director.
In 1958, in order to cultivate talents for the two-player project, Qian Xuesen was founded by the University of Science and Technology of China at the request of the establishment of the "Star Trek Academy". Qian Xuesen was the director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of China University of Science and Technology and became the founding of the University of Science and Technology of China One of the people. By Du Runsheng, Yang Gangyi introduced to join the Communist Party of China.
In 1959, he was elected as the representative of the Second National People's Congress. And were elected as the third, fourth and fifth National People's Congress representatives.
September 19, 1959, Qian Xuesen made a special trip from Beijing to Shanghai from Xi'an to Xi'an Jiaotong University to visit the campus, visit teachers and students.
In 1960, he served as vice president of the Fifth Institute of the Ministry of Defense, and no longer serve as president of the hospital branch. Since then, Qian Xuesen's main duties have been deputy, by the fifth research institute vice president, to the seventh deputy minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and then to the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, deputy director, specializing in China's national defense science and technology development of major technical problems.
On November 15, 1960, under the guidance of Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally, he was appointed as the director of General Zhang Aiping, Sun Jixian, Qian Xuesen and Wang Zheng as the deputy director of the trial committee, successfully organized in China Jiuquan launch site of China's first Flight test of the missile.
In 1961, he was elected as the first president of the Chinese Society of Automation. In 1962, "Physical mechanics lecture" published. In 1963, "Introduction to Star Wars" published. In 1965, he served as Vice Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry (Missile Industry).
October 27, 1966, Qian Xuesen to assist Nie Rongzhen marshal, in the Jiuquan launch site directly led the use of short-range missiles carrying atomic bomb "two bombs combined" flight experiment, a complete success. In 1968, he served as Dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (today's China Institute of Space Technology).
In 1969, he was elected as the representative of the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and alternate member of the Ninth Central Committee. And have been elected as the tenth, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen national congress representatives, tenth, eleven, twelve Central Committee alternate members.
In 1970, he served as deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, and no longer concurrently the Fifth People's Liberation Army Research Institute.
In 1979, in the United States formally established diplomatic relations, by the United States California Institute of Technology "Distinguished Alumni Award" (Distinguished Alumni Award). But Qian Xuesen did not go to the United States to accept this honor.
In 1980, he was elected Vice Chairman of the First National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. In 1986, he was elected Chairman of the Third National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology.
In 1982, he served as deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee. Was elected honorary chairman of the Chinese Society of Mechanics. He is the Dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and is also the dean of the branch of the hospital (today's China Launch Vehicle Technology Institute). "On System Engineering" published in 1988, "on the system engineering" (updated version) published.
In 1984, at the fifth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician) General Assembly, was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences presidium executive chairman. In 1992, at the sixth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician), he was hired as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1985, Qian Xuesen's contribution to China's strategic missile technology, as the first prize winner and Tu Shouying, Yao Tongbin, Hao Fujian, Liang Shili, Zhuang Fenggan, Li Xu and other national science and technology progress award.
In 1986, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), he was elected Vice Chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and elected as vice chairman of the seventh and eighth National Committee of the CPPCC.
In 1987, was hired as the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee of Science and Technology Committee senior adviser. "Scientific and Systems Engineering of Socialist Modernization" published. May 3, 1987, served as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Human Sciences.
In 1988, concurrently served as director of the seventh session of the National Committee of Science and Technology Committee. Won the (1985) National Science and Technology Progress Award. "About Thinking Science" published. In 1988, "on human science" published. "The creation of human science", "human science and modern science and technology development perspective" and "on human science and modern science and technology" were published in 1989, 1996, 1998.
In 1989, he was awarded the title of "WF Little Rockwell Medal", "World-Class Science and Engineering Celebrity" and "Honorary Member of the International Institute of Science and Technology" awarded by the International Technology and Technology Exchange Conference and the International Institute of Science and Technology. medal. "Qian Xuesen Collection (1938 ~ 1956)" published.
In 1991, at the first plenary session of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, he was awarded the honorary title of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. Was elected honorary chairman of the China Aerodynamics Society (1989 renamed the China Aerodynamics Society). Was elected honorary chairman of the China Society of Systems Engineering.
In 1994, at the first academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, he was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. "On the Geography Science" published. "Urban Science and Landscape City" published.
In 1995, he was awarded the first (1994) "He Liang He Li Fund Excellence Award" (later renamed the "He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Achievement Award") issued by He Liang He Li Fund.
In 1995, approved by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Xi'an Jiaotong University Library named Qian Xuesen library, when he was chairman Jiang Zemin inscribed the name of the museum.
In 1998, was hired as the PLA General Armament Department of Science and Technology Committee senior adviser. In the ninth Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences Conference and the Chinese Academy of Engineering at the fourth academician conference, was awarded the "Chinese Academy of Sciences senior academician" "Chinese Academy of Engineering senior academician" title.
In 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission awarded the "two bombs and one satellite meritorious service medal."
In 2000, "Qian Xuesen manuscript (1938 ~ 1955)" published.
December 11, 2001, Jiang Zemin visited Qian Xuesen, then Vice Premier Li Lanqing also visit, "on the macro-architecture and micro-architecture", "the sixth industrial revolution communications set", "create the system" published. 1995, 1996 and 1999 Jiang Zemin had three times to Qian Xuesen home to visit him.
On the 90th birthday of 2001, Prof. Frank E. Marble, a friend of the United States in the United States, was commissioned by D.Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology, and made a special trip to Beijing to award the award and medal of the "Outstanding Alumni Award" to Qian Xuesen and elected to the China Aerospace Society Honorary chairman.
December 11, 2001 90 birthday, Qian Xuesen alma mater Shanghai Jiaotong University inscription: "I hope all the teachers and students of Shanghai Jiaotong University to inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of his alma mater, love the motherland, advocating science, the pursuit of truth, to serve the people, The first century, and strive to Shanghai Jiaotong University into a world-class university. "Qian Xuesen has always been his alma mater, fully carry forward the Jiaotong University drinking water source of the glorious tradition.
October 31, 2009 Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.
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