陸游簡(jiǎn)介英文
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陸游簡(jiǎn)介
Lu You (1125 - 1210), the word concept, the number of Weng, Han, Yuezhou Shanyin (now Shaoxing) people, the Southern Song Dynasty writer, historian, patriotic poet.
Lu Yousheng every Northern Song Dynasty extinction, juvenile that is deeply influenced by family patriotism. Song Gaozong, to participate in rites examination, due to the exclusion of Qin Hui and poor career. Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, thanks to Jinshi origin, served as the main book in Ningde County, Fuzhou, the royalties were deleted officials, Longxing government and other duties, due to adhere to anti-gold, repeated by the Lord and sent exclusion. Road seven years (1171), should be invited to Sichuan Xuan Xu invited to join the military, worked in the South Gate shogunate. The following year, the shogunate dissolution, Lu You Feng Chao into Shu, and Fan Chengda know. Song Guangzong after the throne, promoted to ritual Lang and the real review of the judge, soon because of "mockery of the wind" dismissed from home hometown. Jiatai two years (1202 years), Song Ningzongzhao Lu swim into the Beijing, presided over the editing filial piety, light were "two dynasties record" and "history of the Three Dynasties", the official treasure to the Pavilion. After the book, Luyou long stagnation Shanyin, Jiading two years (1210) died, leaving the pen "show children."
The poetic language of the poetic language is easy to clear, the rules and regulations straighten out, both Li Bai's unrestrained and Du Fu's sad and sad, especially full of patriotic enthusiasm for future generations far-reaching impact. Lu You also Shi Cai, his "Southern Tang book", "simple nuclear law", historical history of color, with a high historical value.
陸游人物生平
Family background
Lu You was born in the famous family, Jiangnan book family. Lu You's ancestors Lu Zhen is the big and middle Xianger years Jinshi, officials to the Ministry of Personnel Lang; grandfather Lu tenant, under the tutelage of Wang Anshi, proficient in the study, the official to the book right Cheng, the "Spring and Autumn Biography", " Is the important study of Lu's classics. Lu You's father Lu Zai, pass poetry, a section of the opera, the Northern Song Dynasty after the official, after the South crossing, due to advocate against gold accepters and send exclusion, then home is not official; Lu You's mother Down is the Northern Song Dynasty prime minister Tang Jie's granddaughter, also Origin of the door.
Xuan and seven years (1125 years) on October 17, Lu Zha Feng Chao Chao, from the waterway to Beijing, in the Huaihe River on the third son, named Lu You. The same year the winter, Jinbing south, and in Jingkang two years (1127) break Bianjing (now Kaifeng), the Northern Song Dynasty demise (Jingkang shame), Lu Zhai with his family fled home shade. Jian Yan three years (1129 years), Jin Bing crossing Jiangnan invasion, Song Gaozong led by the bureaucratic South escape, Lu Zai change Ben Dongyang, his family began to gradually stabilize down, when the land tour only four years old.
Lu You was born at the turn of the Song Dynasty, grew up in the Southern Song Dynasty, the national contradictions, the country's unfortunate, the family's displacement, to his young soul brought an indelible mark.
Early entry career
Luyou childhood intelligent, has studied under Mao Dezhao, Han Yougong, Lu Yanyuan and others, twelve years old that can be written for the poem, because the elders have meritorious service, grace to be granted Denshi Lang post.
Shaoxing twenty-three years (1153 years), Lu Youlin Lin'an (now Hangzhou) to participate in the lock hall examination (incumbent officials and Enying children's examination), the examiner Chen Zimao scoring after the first, because Qin Hui's grandson Qin Xun Ranked Lu You name, Qin Hui furious, want to take off the main exam. The following year (1154), Lu You attended the ceremony, Qin Hui instructed the examiner shall not be recorded Lu You. Lu from the land was Qin jealousy, poor career.
Shaoxing twenty-eight years (1158 years), Qin Hui died, Lu You early entry career, any Fuzhou Ningde County, the main book, and soon transferred to the capital, any imperial edict deleted officials. Lu You into the DPRK, the Chao should be on the policy, into the words of "non-clan fool, even if there is power, should not be arbitrarily sealed plus Wang Jue"; Gaozong love rare plaything, Lu You that "loss of St.", the emperor recommended strict self. Shaoxing thirty-one years (1161), Lu You to Yang Cunzhong master the prohibition for too long, the authority of the sun, more inconvenience, into the remembrance of Yang Cunzhong, Gao Zong adopted, down Yang Cunzhong for Tai Fu, Liquan view, Secretary straight and was the case, responsible for the judicial work.
Northern Expedition
Shaoxing thirty-two years (1162), Song Xiaozong Zhao 昚 ascended the throne, appointed Lu You for the Privy Council editor, thanks to Jinshi origin. Lu travel on the sparse, it is recommended to straighten out the rule of the military discipline, stick to JAC, Xu map of the original. When filial piety in the palace to take pleasure, did not pay attention, Lu said to tell Minister Zhang Tao. Zhang Tao into the palace asked questions, filial piety was then Lu Lu for the town of Chu sentenced.
Longxing the first year (1163), Song Xiaozong to Zhang Jun as captaincy, presided over the Northern Expedition. Lu travel letter Zhang Jun, recommended early long-term plan, do not rush to send troops. Zhang Jun sent generals Li Xianzhong, Shao Hongyuan led the attack, recovered from the mysterious wall, rainbow County, into the pass from, because Li Shao disagreement, Song defeated (divorced from the war), the theory of partial security then clamor. Zhang Jun on the shrimp, was relegated to Jianghuai Xuanfu to make.
Longxing two years (1164) spring, Luyou in Zhenjiang any meet Zhang Jun, offer out of the division of the Northern Expedition, Zhang Jun praised as "happy to recover." April, "Longxing and the proposal" will be signed, Lu travel letter of the two things, into the words: "Jiangdong, since Wu since the country, to Jiankang for the capital. Lin'an frequented the sea, food inconvenience, and vulnerable After the signing of the contract, the emperor should be stationed Jiankang, Lin'an, Jin Dynasty to, or to Lin'an, or to Jiankang, so that you can fight for time to build the country, while the United States and the United States, Not to the Jin Dynasty doubt. "When the dragon big Yuan, Zeng in power, Lu You on the disciples of Zhang Tao said:" Zeng, Long Daguan use of power, confuse the private party, confuse the court, today is not removed, endless trouble. "Zhang Tao heard the words of the court, filial piety furious, relegated to Lu for the construction of Kangfu pass.
The first year of the trunk (1165), Lu You transferred to Longxing government sentenced. Some people into the words of Lu You "make admoners, drums are right and wrong, said Zhang Jun military use", the court that was removed from the official Lu.
Bureaucratic shogunate
Trunk road five years (1169 years) in December, the court recruited has been idle for four years of Lu You, any Kuizhou pass sentence, in charge of academic affairs and management of agricultural activities, Lu You bring relatives from the shade of the mountain, pick along the road folk customs, "Into the Shu".
(1171 years), Wang Yanxuan Fuchuan, Shaanxi, garrison Nanzheng, called Lu You for the dry business, Lu Youde was very happy, went to Nanzheng alone, and Zhang Jichang, Yan Cangshu, Fan Xishu, Gao Zichang more than ten People in the South Gate shogunate office. Wang Yan entrusted Lu Yougui proposed to expel gold, to recover the Central Plains strategic plan, Lu You for "Ping Rong policy", put forward "to recover the Central Plains must first take Chang'an, take Changan must first take Longyou; accumulation of food, training soldiers, strength to attack, no Strength to stick to the ".
Lu to Wang Yan's army behind the scenes, often to the Luo Gukou, fairy original, Ding Junshan and other front positions and strategic fortress, and to large clearance patrol. Wu Lin's son Wu Ting on behalf of the parent soldiers, proud indulgence, many times because of minor manslaughter, Wang Yan did not dare to offend. Lu You proposed Wu Wu's son Wu Wu Wu Yu in charge of military power. Wang Yan that "Wu Gong timid, lack of intellectual, encounter the enemy will be defeated," Lu You retorted: "Wu Ting enemy, how can guarantee his undefeated? If Wu Tingli have military exploits, more difficult to control." , Wu Tingzi Wu Xi rebellion, Lu You's words really be verified.
In October, the court rejected the Northern Expedition plan "Ping Rong policy", transferred Wang Yan back to Beijing, the shogunate dissolution, the plan of the Northern Expedition also destroyed, Lu You feel very sad. Big casual area along the military life, is the only time in the life of the tour in front of the anti-gold front, trying to achieve patriotic military practice, this life is only eight months, but gave him a memorable memory of life.
Shu career
Road eight years (1172 years), Lu You was appointed as the Chengdu government road to appease the Secretary of the Senate, official leisure, land swim donkey into Sichuan, quite unsuccessful. The following year, changed to Shuzhou sentenced; May, by Sichuan Xuanfu Yu Yunwen recommended, Lu You also changed Jiazhou pass sentence.
Chunxi first year (1174) in February, Yu Yunwen died, Lu You and transferred back to Shuzhou sentenced. And then Shuzhou period, Lu You in-depth study of local customs, and has visited Tsui Wai, Baita Hospital, Daming Temple and other local attractions, increasingly fell in love with this land of land, and germination " The
In March, the Senate Zheng Zheng to the capital of the University of the University of Sichuan as a propaganda, Lu You bold letter, the proposed division of the Northern Expedition, recovered lost ground, not been adopted. In May, Lu You presided over the state examination, Yang Jian won the first place, made to participate in the autumn test qualifications, Lu You wrote poetry to encourage. In August, Lu You parade in Shuzhou, as "Shuzhou read", attacked the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers do not, Gou stern security. In October, Lu You was sent to Rongzhou agent state affairs.
Chunxi two years (1175), Fan Chengda transferred from Guilin to Chengdu, any home made in Sichuan, recommended Lu for the Jincheng Senate. Fan Chengda commander Shuzhou, Lu You as the Senator, two people will be friends, into the inverse of the letter. Southern Song of the main and forces slander Lu You "indulge in law", "Yan drink decadent", Fan Cheng large pressure, will be removed from the land. Lu You in the vicinity of Du Fu Cottage Huan flower Creek opened up the garden, Gonggeng in Shuzhou.
Chunxi three years (1176), in response to the Lord and sent to attack him "decadent", "wild", Luyou from the number "put Weng", to fight back. In June, Lu You was instructed to supervise the Taoism of Tongbai Mountain in Taizhou to maintain his family's livelihood. Chunxi four years (1177) in June, Fan Chengda called also Beijing, Lu You sent to the state of Meizhou, urge Fan Cheng big back to the North after persuading the emperor "first to take the middle of Hebei", "as early as the Divine Qingxu dust."
Official sea ups and downs
Chunxi five years (1178), Lu Youming name, by Xiaozong summoned, has appointed Fuzhou, Jiangxi, often cited tea salt business.
Chunxi six years (1179 years) autumn, Lu You was appointed as Jiangxi Chang Ping, in charge of granary, water matters. The following year, Jiangxi floods, Lu You ordered the county to open the grain, and personally "list of boat millet." At the same time on the court warned, asked to open a common relief. In November, Lu Youfeng returned to Beijing, to the case of Zhao Ruyu took the opportunity to impeach Lu You "do not self-test ordered, more than the rules," Lu You resentment, back to Shanyin.
Chunxi thirteen years (1186), Luyou leisurely home after five years, the court was re-use of his state for the state of Yanzhou. Lu You went to Beijing to Xiaozong resignation, when the land of the poet name victory, filial piety in the extension of the temple encouraged Lu said: "Yan Ling Shan Qing water the United States, the official, Qing can go to visit Fu Yong." Lu You in Yanzhou, Give Juan discharge, wide line of relief ", won the people love. Spare time, Lu You finishing old works, named "Jiannan poem".
Chunxi fifteen years (1188) in July, Lu You Ren Man, the court was promoted to military prisoners, in charge of weapons manufacturing and repair, once again into the capital.
Chunxi sixteen years (1189 years) in February, filial piety Zen is located in Zhao Dun (Song Guangzong), Lu You sparse, put forward the country to complete the Northern Expedition system, the proposed "to reduce taxes, punish the suppression of fear"; Soldiers, search and extraction of talent, "" trying to plan "to restore the Central Plains.
Shaoxi the first year (1190), Lu Yousheng ritual Lang and real review officer, once again into the words of Guangzong Guangyan Road, Shen Du Duo Si, and to advise the light to take the lead thrift to still weathered. As a result of Lu You "hi on the recovery", imperative doctor who Dan impeachment Lu You's "outdated", the main and send also attack from the group, the court eventually "ridicule" on the name of its dismissal. Luyou once again left the capital, grievances endless, since the title of the house as "Feng Yue Xuan".
Compile history
Shao Xi five years (1194), too on the emperor Zhao Zhao died, Song Guangzong Zhao Dun said the disease refused to mourning, full of uproar.
Zhuo Ge door Han Zhuan hello and Zhizhi Privilege Zhao Ruyu and other conspiracy, the abolition of Zhao Dun, Prince Li Zhao for the emperor, is for the Song Ningzong. Han Zhuan is Zhao Fu wife Han's uncle, control of the government, monopoly power, demoted Zhu Xi, denounced science, Xing "Qingyuan party ban", authoritarian domineering, Lu You will write poetry condemned Han 侂 hello.
Jiatai two years (1202 years), Lu You was appointed office after thirteen years later, the court of imperial edict into the Beijing, as the accomplice of the history of the country, the actual record of the incumbent essay, presided over the editing filial piety, light "two dynasty record" and "three dynasties "And removed from the morning to please the ceremony, and soon Lu You concurrently secretary of the Secretary.
During the period of the reorganization of the kingdom, the Han Dynasty advocated the Northern Expedition, Lu You vigorously praised and supported, to give all kinds of cooperation, and should be invited by Han 侂 helper, for their inscriptions, encouraged Han guards against foreign aggression, for the national meritorious service.
Jiatai three years (1203 years) in April, the history of the compilation is completed, Ning Zongsheng Lu You for the Treasure Pavilion to be system, Lu You then to this, when seventy-nine years old.
Temporary show children
Jiatai three years (1203 years) in May, Lu You back to the shade, the eastern Zhejiang to appease and Shaoxing prefect Xin Qixi visit Lu You, two long talk about the knee, a total of state affairs. Xin Qifu see Lu You residential simple, repeatedly proposed to help him build the farmhouse, are Lu refused.
Jiatai four years (1204 years), Xin Qiji call into the DPRK, Lu Youfu farewell, encouraged him to serve the country, to help Han Zhuan Gong careful use of troops, the early realization of the country.
Jubilee two years (1206 years), Han 侂 hello invited Ningzong under the imperial edict, sent troops to the Northern Expedition, Lu Youwen news, ecstatic. Song Jun ready, a smooth teacher, has recovered Sizhou, Huazhou and other places. But Han 侂 hello people oversight, Wu Xi and so on through the Jin Dynasty, do not move, plot separatism. Lu Youshu many times urged, Wu Xi ignored. Soon, the West line Wu Xi mutiny, the East line Qiu main and Han Han helmet increasingly caught in isolation.
In the eleventh year (November 1207), Shi Yuyuan launched a coup, to kill the Han 侂 helmet, sent to bring its head to the country, set the "Jiading and", the Northern Expedition declared completely failed. Lu You heard these unfortunate news, grief.
Jiading two years (1209 years) autumn, Lu You anger into the disease, after the winter, the condition of heavy, then bedridden. December 29 (January 26, 1210), Lu You died, at the age of eighty five years old. The death of the occasion, Lu You left the pen "show children" as a will: "dead to know everything empty, but sad not see Kyushu with the king of the North Central Plains, the family did not forget the letter is Weng.
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