居里夫人的英文簡介
居里夫人的英文簡介
瑪麗·居里,世稱“居里夫人”， 法國著名波蘭裔科學家、物理學家、化學家。下面是學習啦小編為你整理的居里夫人的英文簡介，希望對你有用!
瑪麗·居里簡介
.Marie Skłodowska Curie (1867-1934) was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw. The world called "Marie Curie", full name: Maria Scovodovska Curie. French famous Polish scientist, physicist, chemist.
In 1903, Curie and Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the study of radioactivity. In 1911, the discovery of the element polonium and radium again won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, thus becoming the world's first two Bell of the people. Curie's achievements include the creation of a radioactive theory, the invention of the separation of radioisotope technology, found two new elements polonium and radium. Under her guidance, people use radioisotopes for the first time in the treatment of cancer. Due to prolonged exposure to radioactive material, Mrs. Curie died on 7 July 1934 due to malignant leukemia.
瑪麗·居里人物生平
School stage
November 7, 1867, was born in the Polish kingdom of Warsaw City, a middle school teacher's family.
In September 1891, went to Paris to study, in November into the University of Sultan (ie, the University of Paris) Department of Physics.
In 1894, by the Polish scholar, Professor of Physics at the University of Fortune, Switzerland, Joseph Kovarsky introduced, with Biel Curie met in order to take advantage of Curie's leading equipment for better laboratories.
In 1895 April, Mary Scrodovsky's paper "Radiation of uranium and thorium compounds" was read by Lippmann at the Academy of Sciences.
July 26, 1895, Mary and Beier Curie in the suburbs of Paris shuttle town married. Marie Curie is a female middle school teacher.
Research stage
In August 1896, Mary passed the university graduates as a teacher's title exam. (1827-1897), Mary worked for the post, working in the physical laboratory, working with Bier (room director).
In 1898 July, Curie couple to the Academy of Sciences "on the bitumen uranium ore in a radioactive new material"
Explain the discovery of new radioactive elements 84, four hundred times stronger than uranium, similar to bismuth, and Mrs. Curie suggested poles (polonium) to construct the name of the new element in her motherland's name. Since the Curie couple work closely together to study the establishment of the earliest methods of radiochemical work.
In 1898 December, Curie couple and colleague Beimont to the Academy of Sciences, "on the asphalt uranium ore contains a highly radioactive new material," that also found the new element 88, radio than uranium million times, named as Radium. Mary Curie reports of the discovery of new elements polonium, published in the Polish version of Warsaw's "Swift Art" magazine.
In March 1900, Mary taught the physics at the Saifuer Women's Higher Normal School in southwest Paris. Mary 's paper "On the atomic weight of radioactive barium compounds". Curie couples at the Paris International Physics Society read the paper "on the new radioactive material and its emission."
In October 1900, two German scholars, Valcoff and Gizelle, declared that radium had a peculiar effect on biological tissues. After the couples confirmed that the laser will burn the skin.
In 1902, after three and nine months of refining, the Curie couple separated a few grams of radium chloride RaCl2 from several tons of residue, measuring the radium content of 225, and the resulting exact number of 226.
In 1903, Curie and Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 1908, for the "Biel Curie writings" sequel, recall the author's performance. The book by the French Institute of Physics commissioned by the editor of Lang, published in Paris. Promoted to professor.
In 1911, the Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded for the separation of pure metal radium. In the same year, participated in the first Solvay meeting held in Brussels.
In 1915, from the University of Solborn University physics laboratory moved to the radium Institute of Radiology Laboratory. Travel around the country at home and abroad, to guide eighteen field medical service team.
In 1916, in the radium Institute for the health staff to open radiology crash course, teach doctors to find the body of foreign body (such as: shrapnel) location of the new law, by the Allied military praise.
In 1921, according to wartime notes finishing, written as "radiology and war", published in Paris.
On March 8, 1921, he met with Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University. Cai arrived in Paris on his way to visit, invited Curie to Peking University lectures. Answer: "This can not go, when the summer vacation in the future seek." Never finished.
In May 1921, the mother and daughter crossed the sea to the United States, to accept the United States Mary Curie Fund Raising Committee "Mary Curie Committee" presented a radium. The ceremony was held at the White House in Washington on the 20th, presided over by the President of the United States. To Philadelphia, accept the new thorium five grams; she was the first to use their own piezoelectric quartz to the United States philosophical society. The paper "on isotope and isotope" was published in Paris.
In February 1922, he was elected academician of the Paris Academy of Medical Sciences.
In May 1922, the Secretary-General of the League of Nations established by the First World War, Sir David Draham, participated in the International Commission for Cultural Co-operation, which was established last year, at the invitation of the decision of the International Council. The first member was elected as vice chairman. To this end, often to Geneva to attend the meeting.
In 1930, the French government applied for special research subsidies, received 500,000 francs.
In 1934, the book "radioactive" (two volumes) written in 1935 published. Yorio Curie, under the guidance of Mrs. Curie, found artificial radioactive.
June 1934, live in the province of Sava province Sangseluo Mo sanatorium. July 4, with anemia (caused by radium) died in nursing homes. Dr. Tommy wrote this report: "The disease he has received is a rapid development, accompanied by fever with secondary anemia. Bone marrow without hematopoietic response, may be due to long-term accumulation of radiation damage caused." "I lost everything." Cai Yuanpei was also very sad, and on July 8, 1934, he sent a letter of condolence in French to pay tribute: "The president of the University of Paris, the president of the University of Paris, I am grateful for the death of the members of the French Academy of Sciences, and I would like to pay tribute to my family. "Cai Yuanpei." July 6, buried in the Paris town town where the tomb. Her brother (Joseph Scrodovsky) (Blooney Schrava de luska) sprinkled the gravel from Poland to the tomb.
瑪麗·居里科研成就
Research areas
1, found radioactive elements polonium (Po) and radium (Ra).
2, presented the idea that the ray (now known to be composed of electrons) is negatively charged particles.
Scientific results
In the experimental study, Mrs. Curie designed a measuring instrument that not only measured the presence or absence of a substance, but also measured the strength of the ray. After repeated experiments, she found that the intensity of uranium was proportional to the amount of uranium in the substance, regardless of the state of uranium and the external conditions.
Marie Curie has conducted a thorough examination of the known chemical elements and all the compounds, and has obtained the important discovery that an element called thorium can also automatically emit an invisible ray, indicating that the element can emit a ray Not just the characteristics of uranium, but some elements of the common characteristics. She called this phenomenon radioactive, the elements of this nature is called radioactive elements. They release the ray called "radiation".
At the end of 1902, Mrs. Curie extracted a tenth of a very pure gram of radium chloride and accurately measured its atomic weight. The existence of radium has been confirmed. Radium is a very rare natural radioactive material, its body is shiny, like a fine salt-like white crystal, radium with a slight blue fluorescence, and this is the beautiful light blue fluorescence, into A woman's beautiful life and unyielding faith. In spectral analysis, it is not the same as the line of any known element. Although radium is not the first human discovery of radioactive elements, but it is the most radioactive elements. Using its powerful radioactivity, it is possible to further identify many new properties of radiation. So that many elements get further practical application. Medical research found that the radiation for a variety of different cells and tissues, the role is very different, those breeding fast cells, once the radium irradiation was soon destroyed. This discovery makes radium a powerful means of treating cancer. Cancer is caused by the rapid propagation of cells, the laser for its destruction than the surrounding health tissue damage much more. This new treatment soon developed in the world. In the French Republic, radium therapy is known as Curie therapy. The discovery of radium fundamentally changed the basic principles of physics, for the promotion of scientific theory and the application of practical, have a very important significance.
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