海頓英文簡(jiǎn)介
海頓英文簡(jiǎn)介
海頓，又譯海登、海典、偕丁，維也納古典樂(lè)派的奠基人，交響樂(lè)之父，是世界音樂(lè)史上影響巨大的重要作曲家。他是維也納古典樂(lè)派的第一位代表人物，一位頗具創(chuàng)造精神的作曲家。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的海頓英文簡(jiǎn)介，供大家參閱!
海頓簡(jiǎn)介
Franz Joseph Haydn (March 31, 1732 - May 31, 1909), also translated Hayden, the sea code, ga ding, the founder of the Vienna classical music, the father of the symphony, was born in Austria South of the beautiful border of the village of Luoluo near the Hungarian border. Haydn is an important composer in the history of world music. He is the first representative of the Vienna classical music school, a rather creative composer.
Haydn's music is humorous, crisp, and contains a religious detachment. He plays the sonata from the piano to the string rehearsal. He is the founder of the instrumental rhetoric and completely assimilates the independent part of the traditional law. Development to start on its own. Later he visited the United Kingdom, accepted by the University of Oxford awarded the title of music doctor, by the influence of Handel, but also by the impact of Mozart, resulting in melodic beautiful lyrical color, there are similar Baroque style. He replaced the piano with the string quartet, with orchestral instead of the organ, creating two new forms of harmony.
He and Mozart and Beethoven three for the Vienna classical music of the outstanding representatives, nicknamed "Haydn father."
海頓人物生平
early life
On March 31, 1732, Franz Joseph Haydn was born in a poor car dealer family on the Austrian and Hungarian borders. Haydn's father is a carriage maker, to build a carriage for a living, the mother is a cook. Although the parents are ordinary workers, but they love music, which makes Haydn have the opportunity to be influenced by music.
In 1738, Hayden left his parents to Vienna at the age of six and was sent to relatives near Hainbur gander Donau, where he received training in church choirs. Was selected into the Children's Choir.
In 1740, Haydn was eight years old by the Vienna St. Stephen's Cathedral accepted as a choir boy. At the time of Vienna's Stephen's Cathedral music director Georgvon Reutter go to the countryside when the election seedling Haydn was phase. Reutter brought Haydn to Vienna, and for the next nine years, Haydn had been singing at the Children's Choir. In the last four years with his brother Michael. During which Haydn learn to sing, piano and violin. Reutter modified Haydn's first composer, but did not make a lesson for his regular professor. Despite this, Haydn has learned a lot - mainly through self-study, and he is very young to begin to enjoy the influence of the Vienna music environment, which is a musician is essential.
In 1748, from the age of 16 his sweet song began to unfortunately gradually hoarse.
1749, Haydn body has matured, has been unable to sing children's choir requirements of children's voice, coupled with some of the final change is out of the choir. It was said that he had spent the night on the park bench, but was then sheltered by his friends and began his career as a free musician. After ten years of hard years, Haydn did a lot of different work, as the Italian composer Niccola Antonio Porpora's followers. He tried to learn to fill their own professional deficiencies. And wrote his first quartet and the first opera. During this period, Haydn's professional attainments gradually increased, wings gradually feng.
In 1754, Haydn began as Vienna was born 10-year-old Marianna Martines piano teacher. When he began to teach her, Marianna Martines had already played well. Haydn lives in a student's home and does not charge tuition to meet the room rate.
In 1757, Haydn got his first important post, that is served as the chief of the Duke of Karlvon Morzin in the port of Lukavec of Pilsen.
In 1759, at the age of 27 completed the first symphony. He became the music guide of the choir of the small church of Bohemia's Countess Moxin. As a long man he commanded a small band and wrote his first symphony, string trio, Cassationen, string quartet. These are mostly handwritten and not printed.
The Duke of Morzin soon had financial difficulties and had to dissolve the band. But soon Haydn in 1761 in the Esterházy family to find a similar post of deputy director. Esterházy family at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire prominent position. Later, the band's long-time veteran Gregor Werner died in 1766, Haydn was promoted.
Music servant
In 1761, Haydn was appointed as the deputy director of the palace by the prince of the most powerful of Paul Antonio Estherhazi in Hungary, where he spent a 30-year-old music service. The taste of being employed is bitter: you must wear embroidered vest, white long pantyhose, wig or comb, and have a pink powder on your face. Every day before and after lunch, to wait in the living room, waiting for the owner of the day of the arrangements for music activities instructions. In the creation, must be in the specified date by the owner of the proposition or request, written on time music works. In addition, it is necessary to supervise the discipline of the band, take care of every instrument, give the new singer class, improve the band level and so on. Haydn wrote sadly: "I am sitting in my wilderness, almost no human with me, I am very painful ... ... in recent days I do not know if I am a long or theater ticket ... ... to know that often slaves are very sad ... ... ".
Although sometimes the court life imposed on him all the constraints to provoke him angry, he still lived in such a world. The world does not doubt that the prince of the supreme, nor the suspicion of the great artist who wears uniforms. With regard to his status at Esther Haji's home, his own final evaluation argues that favorable conditions outweigh the unfavorable conditions. "Prince is always satisfied with my work.I am not only often encouraged, and as a band conductor, I can experiment, observe what produced the effect, what weakened the effect, I can improve, replace, add some additions and deletions, Can be boldly done as I like, I am isolated, no one to disturb or torture me, I was forced to become 'original talent'.
As long as long
About 1770 as a uniformed and commander of the palace of music, Haydn followed the family lived in three places: about 50 km from Vienna Eisenstadt Viennese Hermitage, and a new castle called Eszterháza. The castle was built in 1760 in the Hungarian border. Haydn's duties were mainly composer, leading the choir, playing chamber music for the members of the court, and organizing opera creation. Despite the many duties in the body, Haydn feels very full and happy. Esterházy's princes (first Paul II - PaulAnton, then Nikolai I -NikolausI.) Are very understanding of music, enjoy the work of Haydn and give him the necessary conditions to make his talent to play. They go to the chorus every day.
In 1780, after having a stable long job, Haydn married Maria Anna Keller, but she was not feeling well after marriage. Maria Anna is not fertile, which makes Haydn very disappointed. There are rumors that he and the same is the Esterházy Orchestra actor Luigia Polzelli dyed, and her son Anton's father. Haydn in Esterházy thirty years as Le long period, not only to create a large number of musical works, style has also been innovative, and fame out. Gradually began not only for employers, but also for the public to write.
In 1781, Haydn and Mozart became good friends, and since then on his later works have a deep impact. They often like to play string quartets together. As we all know, Haydn at that time has stopped writing opera and symphony, and this is Mozart's strengths. Mozart specially wrote the first quartet to tie in with Haydn just finished the Op.33 series. Mozart dedicated the work to Haydn.
On February 11, 1785, Haydn joined the Masonic Zurwahren Eintracht. Mozart was unable to attend his inauguration ceremony because he had to attend the concert of his father Leopold Mozart that day. Mozart is also a member of the organization. It is this relationship that deepens the deep friendship between Haydn and Mozart.
Independent musicians
In 1790, Nikolaus Dagong died, his heir did not have the slightest musical taste, so the dissolution of the court band and let Haydn retired. Haydn then accepted the invitation of German music manager Johann Peter Salomon to London to join his newly formed symphony orchestra and choir. The two trips (1791 - 1792 and 1794 - 1795, respectively) were a great success. The audience came to watch Haydn's show, so that Haydn fame and fortune. During London, Haydn also completed a number of important works, such as Symphony Orchestra, Army, London, Knight Quartet and Gypsy Trio.
In 1791, Haydn went to London, a year to write a opera, symphony 6 and 20 other works, his music is very popular. He attended the Westminster's Handel Music Festival and became an honorary musician at Oxford University. Haydn had considered joining the British and lived there for a long time, but failed to do so. He returned to Vienna, built a new house, and changed his style of writing, began to write the magnificent chorus and symphony works. He completed the creation of the oratorio "Genesis" and "Four Seasons" and wrote six church works for the Esterházy family. Esterházy family then the prince liked the music. Haydn also completed the last nine of his string quartet series, such as the Emperor Quartet, the Pentagon Quartet and the Sunrise. Although Haydn is not young, he is still full of longing for the future. In a letter he wrote: "There is so much to do in this wonderful art!"
In 1802, Haydn felt that a disease that had plagued him for years had worsened so much that he could not continue to compose music. This is undoubtedly a hit for Haydn: as he himself said, there are so many fresh music ideas, such as the influx of water, waiting for him to complete. Although Haydn was carefully watched by his servant in the last few years, it was often visited and received many honors, but it was not his happiest time. In the illness, he often played by the Austrian King Chung to find spiritual comfort. This song is his 1797 years with a patriot's passionate creation.
Behind the things
May 31, 1809, Haydn died in Napoleon after the death of Vienna. At the age of 77 years old. His last words, was actually in the neighborhood was bombarded after his comfort to the servants do not be afraid. Haydn was buried in the Hundsturmer cemetery (Haydn Park, Vienna Meidling).
And Esterhazy family even turned a blind eye to this. Until later the Duke of vonCambridge and NikolausII Dagong said that the talented Hayd had done in his home for many years, he decided in 1820 to Haydn's tomb to Eisenstadt's Haydn Church. When Haydn's coffin was opened, people found the head was gone. Later the survey found that Esterhazy Dagong's secretary - Joshua Carl Rosenbaum, was the admirer of the skull scholar Franz JososGall. He bought the prison administrator and the other two civil servants, buried in Haydn for eight days, the coffin opened, stole the skull. Because at that time can not find the stolen skull, people can only the head of the body transported to Eisenstadt buried. Later the prison manager JohannPeter gave the police a so-called Haydn skull, but the real skull was in the secretary Rosenbaum there. He let the friend Peter transfer the skull to the music academy. But until Peter did not finish the task. Peter's widow still did not do it. The skull was later held by many people until 1895 by the Friends of the Vienna Musicians Association Collection in its museum until 1953. And after several twists and turns, and finally in 1954 skull from Vienna was transported to Eisenstadt and body together. After 145 years, Haydn finally had the whole corpse.
海頓人物評(píng)價(jià)
Haydn's music is humorous, laid-back, bright, light, with a religious detachment, he will be sonata from the piano to the development of the string to the ensemble, he is the founder of the instrumentalist, the traditional method of independence , The theme of development to start their own. Later he visited the United Kingdom, accepted by the University of Oxford awarded the title of the music doctor, by the influence of Handel, resulting in melodic beautiful lyrical color, there is a similar Baroque style. He replaced the piano with the string quartet, with orchestral instead of the organ, creating two new forms of harmony.
Haydn was known as the "father of the symphony", with Mozart and Beethoven three for the Austrian classical music school outstanding representative, nicknamed "Haydn Daddy." Haydn 29-year-old palace long, from the binding "father" love, until the 77-year-old driving west tour. Haydn strong popularity, get the crowd called him "father". Interestingly, even the British presented his parrot, but met the owner, but also a Papa. In fact, regardless of symphony or string quartet is not his first, but the two respects but also reputation, because it is in his cultivation, these two important instrumental music genius from the grass into the mature stage.
German composer Wagner (1813-1883) commented on Haydn's preaching that he pursued a calm and comfortable life and sought to maintain his beloved status, so he was seen as a man of obedience The Haydn is not like Mozart, dare to fight with the feudal forces, more than Beethoven, heroic initiative to the dark reality to start onslaught! Haydn is Haydn, although he sometimes humiliating the situation of pain, but can be satisfied with the status quo, Its music. His music style as his personality: optimistic, kind, sincere, hearty, humorous.
In the string quartet, he uses the "principle of speech", that is, the various parts of the conversation like a conversation echoes, both clear melody, there are polyphonic beauty. "From Haydn I first learned the real way of writing a quartet." In the symphony he "established the principle of sonata development with a small motive, and abolished the tradition of digital bass , And began to establish the principles of the preparation and matching of modern orchestra. " These are given Mozart and Beethoven great inspiration.
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