寶馬公司簡介英文
寶馬公司簡介英文
寶馬與一些車壇老大哥如菲亞特、福特、雷諾、勞斯萊斯等相比下顯得是一間很年輕的造車廠。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的寶馬公司簡介英文，希望對你有用!
寶馬公司簡介
BMW and some car big brother, such as Fiat, Ford, Renault, Rolls-Royce, etc. compared to the next is a very young car factory. But in the 1930s it produced the world's best sports car and limousine, which recovered from the destruction of World War II and the fiscal recession of the 1950s. In the early 1970s, it became one of the protagonists in the world's high-performance and luxury sedan markets and continued to this day. BMW's full name is the Bavarian car factory. It was registered by a company that made an aircraft engine in March 1916. The first successful product of the company was the inline six-cylinder engine designed by Fitz, which was assembled on the German fighter during World War I. German ace pilot Ernst Udter attributed a significant portion of their success to the BMW engine.
寶馬公司歷程
In 18 November, the end of the First World War, Germany became a defeated country, their aircraft were "the Treaty of Versailles" as "war weapons" to prohibit the production, so the company carried out a series of reorganization, and the purchase of Healy The manufacture of the Austrian factory, but later found helios motorcycle nothing, almost the BMW dragged down.
In 1922, BMW developed the first motorcycle engine, although not adopted, but has set an important direction for the depot, and then in the nuremberg victoria-worke plant to re-create a design by Max Fitz Of the 500ml air-cooled level of the two-cylinder motorcycle engine, assembled in the revolutionary r-32 motorcycle, its power is through the drive shaft rather than the chain to the rear wheel, r-32 for the classic BMW motorcycle Set the sample. In 1924, BMW put the r-32 into the market and soon succeeded.
Before 1992, BMW in China is not called the BMW, and was translated as "Ba Yier". This is because BMW's full name is "BayerischeMotorenwerkeAG". At that time, although the BMW has been famous in foreign countries, but the Chinese people on the car brand is still very strange. Chinese name changed to BMW, the consumer attention, sales have gradually expanded. "BMW's name highlights the noble luxury with the BMW car, but also with the Chinese traditional title seamless, while pronunciation is also similar to the BMW." BMW's Chinese high-level once explained the "BMW" the origin of the name.
寶馬公司產(chǎn)品歷史
The Twentieth Century BMW 315
BMW wanted to make his own car, but it did not want to challenge the big Daimler-Benz car at that time, so decided to try some small cars. At that time a factory called Essoni transport industry has a name called Walter Fort (wartburg), later renamed Dixi (dixi) car brand. At that time, Dixi car sales are poor, so to the British Austin (austin) depot to apply for the right to manufacture 7 cars in Germany, 1927 officially put into production, renamed dixi315dai (da that the German version), this by the German customers welcome Of the British and German mixed race, so that the depot rejuvenated. In the eyes of the shareholders of BMW, Eisenhower and BMW merger is a best opportunity to improve brand competitiveness, and finally in 1928 the two merged. July 1929, BMW launched the first car 315, is the beginning of the production of dixi315 transferred to the experts do not agree with the dixi315 BMW is the first car, in any case, the BMW 315 has been produced until the end of 1932, lasted nearly 6 year. Dixi is a very basic means of transport, but it makes BMW into the four-wheel world. It did not look like a car, but the owner of Dixi can not wait to start the test on the track, it is surprising that a Disi car actually in the 1929 Alpine rally in the success.
March 1932, the factory from 315 improved 320 was born, it is equipped with a 782ml engine, the new car began to have their own personality and direction, power from 11 kilowatts to 15 kilowatts. In 1933, at the Berlin Motor Show in Germany, BMW demonstrated their latest 303, evolved from 320, with a 6-cylinder, double carburetor, 1173ml cylinder capacity, 22-kilowatt high-performance double Door four seats car, the front cover accounted for half of the body, both sides of the same ventilation design to the center line, compartment space is adequate and comfortable. 303 and then extended to 315,319,320 and 321 type, BMW's creative source is flowing. In addition, it seems that BMW has a soft spot for the sports car, 1935 BMW's first sports car 315-1 come out, it is 315 improved version, equipped with three Solix carburetor six-cylinder engine power increased to 29 kilowatts, Speed up to 130 km, this car is also low fuel consumption, safe and easy to control and well-known in the world. Its elegant design highlights the rigorous demands of BMW for performance. The 315-1 two-seater was manufactured in 1935 and 1936, producing a total of 242 cars, but it set a sample for subsequent successful BMW cars. In 1936, the appearance and the old, increased the cylinder volume to 1911ml 319 available, power increased to 40 kilowatts, the speed also increased to 140 km, the compression ratio of 5.6: 1. At this time BMW also began to manufacture touring car market, which is today known as the three-compartment four-door car, which is beautiful 326 car, its classic body design makes it 1936 Berlin Motor Show on the eye-catching Bright spot. Its object is the middle class family, used to attract Mercedes-Benz customers, but it also represents the BMW is moving towards the high-end market. This was the most successful BMW in the 1930s, with 16,000 vehicles sold between 1936 and 1941. 326 provided hydraulic brake, torsion bar rear suspension system, newly designed independent front suspension system and used to replace the previous BMW Car chassis solid body, it has a convertible and hard top two models, the maximum speed of up to 112 km. In the same year, BMW's 4-cylinder engine design line to 6-cylinder engine design, and the use of 4-cylinder engine 309 also at the same time stop production. 326 soon became the main force of the BMW 6 cylinder car, which also includes poor sales of 320 (1937-1938) and 321 (1939-1941). While BMW was successful with its family and luxury sedans, it has developed classic models that will be the greatest models of the 1930s. 1936 BMW launched the 328 car on the impact of the sports industry is huge, it improved the 315-1 sports car design, equipped with high-performance aluminum cylinder head BMW 2 liter engine, you can choose the game dedicated gearbox and Quick-release wheels, the maximum speed of the 328-type car is close to 150 km, the light-weight chassis makes the suspension system relatively soft, but the operation is extremely comfortable. In the remainder of the 1930s, BMW 328 became a sign in the design of a sports car, and in the years after the war it became a classic, collectively for collectors and classic car racers. For many BMW enthusiasts it is still the highest point in the history of the company!
Elegant appearance BMW 328
328 sports car in Le Mans 24 hours match
Elegant design is a feature of a series of sedans throughout the late 1930s. The 327 is one of the most beautiful models in all BMW cars, and it is the early 326 Coupe version. Because the company decided to launch the first 328 two-seater, so 327 delayed until 1937 was launched, it is equipped with 328 sports car 2-liter engine high-performance models. By the end of the thirties, the BMW was precisely the culmination of the rich Nazi German lifestyle. In addition to the engine to choose from, 327 offers the possibility of choosing a professional handmade product, if you wish, you can buy a wooden body in a two-door or convertible. BMW's series of cars can almost meet the needs of each grade, of course, the premise is that you have enough money.
However, when the BMW continued to launch its beautifully designed, horsepower strong car, the German industry's huge energy was used to create war tools. The German plan is better armed than its potential enemies. Companies like BMW are an indispensable part of the plan. By 1939, BMW was widely involved in a series of high-tech military projects, including aircraft development, jet engine and rocket engine, but the German furnace refining out of steel can still be used to manufacture cars. BMW in the war before the last design is about to launch, it is the classic design of the thirties last one. 335 was introduced in 1935, it is equipped with a 3.5-liter engine, is 326 luxury improved. This model did not continue to produce until 1941, and became a favorite of senior officers. It is not mass production, the total number of only 410.
By 1939, BMW had been developed as a carmaker for more than a decade, but the outbreak of the Second World War proclaimed the end of this period. BMW is still producing, but the company's design and resources have turned to war use, BMW's use of labor has increased significantly, many of them from prison and concentration camps. The company's expertise in aircraft engine production is a major factor in the German Air Force's access to technology. The famous Fork Wolf 190 fighter engine is produced by BMW. BMW's success attracted the attention of the Allies, it was in Munich factory was a continuous bombing. One day in July 1944, nearly 12,000 bombs attacked BMW's factory.
In 1945, the end of World War II, Germany unconditional surrender, split into East and West Germany, to suffer Sennaher to become part of East Germany, and all the facilities of the Munich factory were blown away by the Allies, this hit several years To recover, the second time experienced war BMW, to up to 7 years before they can re-production, when the BMW vitality is very fragile.
Before the full revival, BMW made a three-year research and development of aircraft engines for an American company between 1945 and 1947. While the destruction of the Munich factory started from scratch, began to use aluminum production of various containers. In 1948, BMW raised enough money to start rebuilding a motorcycle factory, which was ready to launch the first vehicle r-24 motorcycle after the war. And at the same time proceed with the development and development of r-51 motorcycle work, BMW has returned to the old motorcycle manufacturing, they can once again began to rush to the car dream. Deutsche Bank provided the necessary financial support for BMW's rejuvenation. Despite the absence of signs of the car, the r-24 motorcycle proved to be the winner of the market, and they had been successful on both the road and the track. R-51 is launched after r-24, like r-24, it is the original BMW motorcycle direct successor, they have the basic characteristics of the BMW - the level of dual-cylinder engine and shaft drive system.
At that time in the car to sell people can not afford the economic situation of two rounds and three motorcycles is undoubtedly the most suitable means of transport. BMW's motorcycles strongly attracted young German people who wanted to rebuild their lives after the war. There is another advantage of motorcycles, it is for the urgent need to relax and entertain the public to provide special competition game.
Although the BMW 328 rule the world of sports cars have been the past decade, when the way of life has long been outdated, but the BMW 328 technology is still useful, all aspects of the BMW car to make life, the British can not wait for BMW's recovery , To be improved directly. In 1945, the British reconstruction of 328, 326 type also to recover. The same Americans are also very fond of the 328 type, they purchased the engine from the UK, redesigned the body and increased power to 97 kilowatts, and then shipped to the US market. In the late '40s, however, he led several former BMW engineers at the baden · baden reconstruction workshop, using 328 parts to develop a series of the latest sports car, he put him The BMW train is called Velitas. The Velitas train is suitable for both track and road driving. They were very successful in the German road race in the late 1950s and early 1950s, and thus aroused great nostalgia for the great movement traditions established before the war. The existing Velitas car is a collection of treasures. And their designer Ernst Loew in the fifties to return to BMW to help companies rebuild the car manufacturing department.
New starting point BMW 501
In October 1952, BMW finally put into production car, made the car is the pre-war 501 family of four-door car, that before the war 6-cylinder 2-liter engine, single carburetor, can only provide 48 kilowatts of power. As the other equipment is completely new design, the new luxury car will weigh 3,000 pounds, although the maximum speed can reach 135 km, but the acceleration to 96km / h will take more than half a minute. BMW only the old engine as a short-term solution, engineers are designing 3.2-liter v8 engine, its output horsepower is far more than the old six-cylinder engine. The main investment in new plant, equipment and manpower is an adventurous action, and if the decision to produce a luxury car is wrong, the company will face the possibility of a financial breakdown. But the fact that BMW customers still like 501, the car continuously out of the factory, to 1955 was replaced by 502 when a total of 5692 501 cars were manufactured.
In the years of production 501, its engine has undergone a series of improvements. Fitted with a 12v electronic system, a dual chamber Solix carburetor, a new camshaft and a new zf gearbox. But until 1954 v8 engine came out after the start of the real revolution. 501 was replaced by 502, this eye-catching new engine is the first German alloy made of large displacement v8 engine. Initially it could produce 95 horsepower, but it was continually strengthened. 502 luxury cars work well, the maximum speed of nearly 160 km, and have a good acceleration. Its sales began to grow.
1955 BMW has launched two new cars, enough to restore the company to the pre-war position. Sporty 503 marks the return of BMW to 315 and 328 as the representative of the production of high-performance car tradition, its maximum speed reached 190 km, but sales are not. 507 is the case, but it is the 30's BMW car after the most popular one.
In the late fifties, when the German economic miracle continued, people can dominate the income has increased, the car has become more and more people dream. But for most buyers who have a cheap little car is realistic, although it may not be comfortable. So 1955 BMW from its luxury v8 series to the other extreme - to provide customers with a minimum car, people no longer have to find the parking space and worry, do not bother to repair those little damage The This new car is called Isetta, belonging to the so-called "bubble car" in the 1950s. It was designed by an Italian refrigerator maker, Renzo Ricardo. BMW is one of several companies that are licensed to produce. It can be directly into the tiny parking space. Many people can only look at the luxury v8 series of people can finally buy an Iraqisa. BMW sold 160,000 units of the Iraqi tower, later models also installed on the 600cc BMW motorcycle engine. Ironically, it was this strange car that helped BMW survive, and its sales were enough to make the company capable of producing the new 700-series train.
700 series
The 700 series was introduced in 1959, and its 700cc motorcycle engine is only bigger than the 600 series of bubble cars, but it looks like a real car, so that it has a number of stable customers. 700 standard models of the engine can produce 30 horsepower, sports can be more than 10 horsepower, in its small and light body performance is excellent. In the 700 series of models also includes a number of medium-sized engine with a convertible, they are in a series of events in the success. Its different versions have been produced in 1965, is a very important BMW family car, although not for the company to bring huge wealth, it makes the company repay all the debt.
At the same time as the 700 series was introduced, developers found a need for a slightly larger car to cover the gap between the small 700 series and the large luxury car. But the company's decision-makers on which to produce the type of car is still controversial. At this point, the company is almost on the verge of collapse. In 1959, the big shareholders of BMW forced the company to accept the Daimler-Benz low-cost acquisition requirements, BMW sellers and small shareholders who resisted this request, the financier Herbert and Harald Quinte acquired BMW's massive stock, they demanded a production for the growing German middle class sedan. 700 series of success to the company to win the time to produce this car. It is in the autumn of 1961 at the Frankfurt Motor Show launched a new type of 1500 sedan. It has not been officially put into production, but BMW feels it should be exhibited to attract potential customers. In the appearance of the development of the car on the company invited the Italian designer Mitchell Lotti, the BMW's traditional double kidney grille installed in the new car. Chassis, body and mechanical devices are rushed to develop, 1500 finally catch up with the deadline, the car at the auto show was a great success, thousands of cars were ordered out, but immediately there are many large-scale production problem.
The initial trial production began in February 1962, but it was only in October to begin production. Although by the end of 1961 has been 20,000 cars were ordered, then only 2,000 cars factory. For the BMW 1500 is a new start in the company they are called the new train, is a natural track master, on the road can also provide racing-like performance. Another of the main features of the 1500 is that it liberated BMW from the positive competition of Mercedes and then. 1500 engine for the modern BMW car set a sample. It is designed for high-speed driving, can be on the highway at nearly 100 miles per hour speed, fuel consumption is only half of the 502 v8 series. Its beautiful design, excellent driving performance is suitable for the needs of the middle class, in the end of World War II seventeen years later, the car finally saved the company.
With the success of the 1500 series, BMW began to give up it that is not very profitable old models. The small Iseta was discontinued in 1962, and the 501 and 502v8 series ceased production in 1963. Four-cylinder 1500 engine can accept higher performance debugging, it can also further expand the capacity. 1.8-liter version of the new car named 1800, launched in 1963, in appearance only a chrome horizontal stripes and a badge to see the difference. BMW engineers to exercise for the design concept, there are more high-performance engines to be launched. During the same period they also developed a high-performance t1 engine for the international tour, with a high compression ratio, an additional carburetor and a different performance option.
The show was still behind, and in the next decade of the 1970s, different models based on this design were introduced to meet the needs of the new BMW market. Basic section of the most important one is the two-door train type 1802, two-door car than the same level of the four-door light much lighter, the performance requirements of the car buyers are more like. Product development continues, the 2000 series with a 2-liter four-cylinder engine was introduced to the market in 1966. The new BMW changed the traditional definition of the sports car, and their performance surpassed most of the sixties two-seater racing. It is more like an ordinary car. The 200 series eventually launched a fuel injection model tii in 1969, which has a maximum speed of 185 kilometers per hour. The two-door version of the 2002 launch in 1968, road test drivers were crazy, and soon it became a fashion. At the same time it is in the US market performance is also very eye-catching, but the US version of the 2002 car is less so less standardized European car impact.
Although the four-cylinder series of cars to save the BMW, but the company did not forget can be traced back to the 30's traditional six-cylinder engine. 2500 series is BMW's rapid development of new technology introduced another new product. Four-cylinder car with 1500cc engine at the beginning, you can easily expand to a larger capacity, six-cylinder car also used the same method. Growing demand caused a period of change and expansion, the new factory was acquired and rebuilt, and the motorcycle factory was moved to Berlin. Ten years ago the company is also on the brink of bankruptcy is growing rapidly. Six-cylinder sedan has four and two-door models. 2.8-liter and 3-liter two-door car is one of the most beautiful products of BMW's seventies. Six-cylinder four-door and two-door sedan launch BMW once again and the old rival Mercedes began to compete. With the increase in German middle class wealth, BMW to their own products into a broader economic class. After the launch of the 3-liter csi in 1971, the company began to attract the attention of the high-end market again. Csi has six-cylinder engine, excellent performance is also high prices. Elegant 3-liter csi once again positioning the BMW in the 30s 327 car will take it to the position, after the Second World War BMW experienced a whole cycle, the company from the post-war giant pain stood up, Experienced an unstable period, the success of it has the opportunity to return to the original excellent and high-performance concept.
3.0csi
In the early 1970s, BMW began building its office building in Munich, which represented its return to the dominance of the German auto industry. The building made full use of high-tech construction methods to build a four-cylinder appearance, in 1972 when BMW is developing the third generation after the war car, the building was completed.
In the mid-1980s, BMW acquired the scrap barracks in the northern suburbs of Munich and proceeded to convert it into the BMW Research Engineering Center (fiz). The center has a design and testing equipment, BMW is another production center of the prototype and pilot. In 1985, the first team cooperation project was carried out here. In 1990 the center was formally established, and has been careful to expand its activities.
Expansion
In order to expand the market to comply with the growing group, BMW in 1994, the acquisition of the British Rover (rover) group, including the name of Rover, Land Rover, mini and mg. BMW needs to modernize its products and plants, which makes the acquisition of other factory costs relatively low. BMW spent $ 800 million on the acquisition.
BMW's acquisition of Rover soon, the value of the pound rose 50%, which led to the modernization of the plant issued a higher cost. So in 2000, BMW decided to no longer feasible Rover and mg two factories to 10 pounds at a nominal price to sell to the British Phoenix Group. Land Rover was soon sold to Ford, but BMW decided to keep the mini brand and start developing a new generation of mini models.
2002 BMW from Rolls-Royce's original owner Volkswagen bought the 'Rolls Royce' brand brand, ready to compete with the public Bentley brand competition for high-end market, although BMW agreed not to use the brand before 2003, but Also began planning its new factory in West Sussex's Goodwood for the new Rolls-Royce. January 2003, belonging to the BMW Rolls Royce launched the seventh generation of Mirage sedan.
Standing at the pinnacle of the contemporary luxury sedan brand, BMW can look back to those who save the company's excellent cars, those who are misled almost destroyed the company's "scavenger car." Through the ruins of war can also be farther to see the development of the 30's high quality standard elegant car and two-door car. From BMW's first sports car 315, or even longer to Dixi-based small Austin 7-type car began, BMW has gone through a long road, they are to bring pleasure and enjoyment, but also Leaving the world forever can not erase the good memories.
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