白宮英文簡介
白宮英文簡介
白宮也稱為白屋，是美國總統(tǒng)的官邸和辦公室，是“總統(tǒng)公園”的一部分。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的白宮英文簡介，供大家參閱!
白宮簡介
The White House (also known as the White House) is the residence and office of the President of the United States. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt was officially named "White House". The White House is owned by the US National Parks Authority and is part of the "Presidential Park". The picture on the back of the twenty dollar bill is the White House.
The White House is a white neo-classical style sandstone building located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue northwest of Washington, DC. The White House covers an area of more than 73,000 square meters, consisting of the main building and the east and west wings. Because the White House is the residence and office of the President of the United States, the word "White House" often refers to the US government, such as "the White House announced that the Chinese President visited the White House."
白宮建筑沿革
The White House did not call the White House long ago, and was called the "President's House" and the "Palace of the President". On July 16, 1790, the US Congress passed legislation to decide to establish a permanent US capital on the banks of the Potomac. It authorized the then US President George Washington to select the capital address. After the location was selected, the French engineer Pierre Lan Fang was ordered to plan the city blueprint. US Secretary of State Jefferson Jefferson proposed to the President and the Colombian District Commissioner for the design of the two, nationwide architectural design competition.
March 14, 1792, the Colombian District Commissioner announced the race began.
July 17, 1792, was born in Ireland and the educated architect in Ireland, Hoban won the race. His design uses the form of houses in the British Isles. In October 13th of the same year, by the United States Masonic and the Colombian District Commissioner jointly built for the White House, the official foundation. Hoban is responsible for directing the site construction.
In 1797, when the President of Washington left office, the White House built only the walls and fitted the roof trusses.
Hoben personally served as construction architect. First of all, in the lawn of the north side of the White House today built three brick kilns, firing bricks, for the Capitol and the White House building needs.
Architects on the construction of high quality requirements, many of the building materials from the United States the famous origin, so the construction period of a long delay, so that the first president of Washington did not live here. When he left office, the residence had just completed the outline of the building.
During the construction period, Hoban continues to find skilled workers outside the United States, to meet the needs of the project. In 1793, he hired a group of tiles in Edinburgh, Scotland. At the same time, he also hired some slaves. The base of the White House and the stone used by the facade, taken from the Virginia Glick stone. Stone was shipped along the Potomac River to Washington. White House doors and windows and flooring used in high quality timber, from North Carolina and Virginia. Lime taken from Maryland's Friedrich.
November 1, 1800, the second US president John Adams, in his departure a few months before, live in the White House. The White House began to become a place where the President of the United States worked and lived with his family. The third president, Jefferson, instructed the door to open the President's house every morning, and the citizens could visit the residence without affecting the president's office. This is a concrete manifestation of Jefferson's democratic thinking. The experience in Europe told him that the public was interested in the government's head office.
In 1809, Madison entered the White House. The architect Wright Rob was appointed to decorate the oval hall and designed and manufactured the White House furniture.
In 1812, the second British-American war occurred, the British army invaded Washington.
August 24, 1814, the British burned the building, leaving only an empty shelf.
In 1815, Hoban took office again, commanding the reconstruction of the White House, in 1817 in September before the completion of President Monroe.
In 1817, in order to cover up the traces of fire, President Monroe ordered a white paint on the gravel. Since then the president's residence has been called the "White House".
In 1834, the spring water into the White House, the end of the White House to pull out the history of water.
In 1848, the kerosene lamp entered the White House.
In 1853, when Pierce served as president, the central heating equipment was installed and the second floor bathroom and toilet were rebuilt.
In 1857, built on the West platform glass greenhouse.
In 1860, the outbreak of the Civil War, the White House became the center of decision-making and major activities, the second floor office in the White House, Lincoln President signed the famous liberation declaration.
In 1877, President Hayes entered the White House, the establishment of the library.
In 1882, the first elevator was used in the White House.
In 1902, the United States President Theodore Roosevelt officially named it "the White House", and later became synonymous with the US government.
In 1909, the western wing was expanded to build the famous oval office.
In 1913, the White House rose garden for the first time to grow roses.
In 1927, the construction of the White House third floor.
1929 Christmas Eve, the White House west of the fire, when President Herbert Hoover had to temporarily leave the Christmas party, command staff from the oval office to rescue the file.
In 1934, the west wing was renewed again. After the United States to participate in World War II, the White House has built the east wing and air defense, in the East platform to increase the cinema.
In 1948, President Truman added a balcony at the Southern Colonnade, carried out a thorough examination of the structural safety of the White House, found the problem seriously, and decided to make a thorough alteration. President Truman and his family moved to Blair, opposite Pennsylvania Avenue. The alteration of the original wallboard, smallpox and furniture of the White House, the interior decoration redo, and the new foundation, basement and steel frame bearing structure.
In 1941, the number of employees in the residence was 62, the annual budget of about 152,000 US dollars.
In 1965, the White House installed a fire alarm system.
July 1, 2015, the White House to cancel the implementation of more than 40 years of visitors to take pictures of the ban. From the date, visitors can use the phone or lens length of not more than 3 inches (7.62 cm) camera to take pictures, but not allowed to record.
白宮建筑特點
Before the introduction of the program, Washington has long been on the future of the US presidential residence: it must not be a palace, must not be luxurious, because the master of the work here is the state servant. He put forward the construction of the President's residence of the three requirements: spacious, strong, elegant, giving a feeling beyond the times. He believes that his country will soon be strong and powerful, expand the territory, in the world occupy an increasingly important position, the construction of the Presidential residence vague. For the presidential residence that is about to begin to be designed and built, Washington insists that there is no need to be tall enough to have three levels.
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