巴赫英文簡(jiǎn)介
巴赫英文簡(jiǎn)介
巴赫，巴洛克時(shí)期的德國(guó)作曲家，杰出的管風(fēng)琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家。巴赫被普遍認(rèn)為是音樂(lè)史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱(chēng)為“西方近代音樂(lè)之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的巴赫英文簡(jiǎn)介，供大家參閱!
巴赫簡(jiǎn)介
John Sebastian Bach (German: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685.3.21-1750.7.28), the Baroque German composer, the outstanding organ, the violin, the harpsichord. Bach is widely regarded as one of the most important composers in the history of music and is known as "the father of modern music in the West" and one of the most important figures in Western cultural history.
Bach was born in the middle of the city of central Thuringia, a music family in the city of Eisenach, in the lifetime is a famous palace music long, in the church of Leipzig in Leipzig, Germany spent the last 27 years.
Bach combines the musical styles of different ethnic groups in Western Europe. He set the essence of traditional music in Italy, France and Germany, and made the best of it.
Bach himself was not well known in his life and had been forgotten by the world in his fifty years after his death. But in the last half and a half years of his fame is growing, generally believed that he is the history of Western music, one of the greatest two or three composers, and some people think that he is one of the greatest composer.
巴赫人物生平
Family origin
Bach was born on March 21, 1685 in Eisenach, in the central Dillingen forest in central Germany. Eisenach because of the mountain built, so the terrain is high and low ups and downs, and the ground is paved by the quartzite, so it is a rich German fairy mountain city, this place has a deep musical origin, In the Middle Ages, the poet, the court musicians are in Eisenach for performances and competitions, it can be said that it is the birthplace of German music.
Although this is just a small town, but the public is love music. It is said that the city's ancient city gate is engraved with "music often in our town shine" message. And medieval singers often hand harp, singing and singing here and singing competition. Wagner had written the famous opera "Don Hauser" accordingly. And the sixteenth century religious reformer Martin Luther, also in this "Bible" translated into German. The Bach family is a family of music, and his family has been famous for many years before his death.
His father was an excellent violinist, and two of his grandfather's brothers were talented composers, and several of the uncle's brothers and sisters were respected musicians. For a very high musical talent for the small Bach, in such a family growth was very lucky, but the fate of the god but partial to find some trouble: his 9-year-old mother, 10-year-old father died, had to rely on brother to continue to raise The Although the house holds a lot of music information, can be arbitrary brother does not allow him to read through the study, no matter how hard he pleaded also to no avail. Bach had to take advantage of his brother away from home and sleep late at night, in the moonlight secretly to love the music of a stroke to copy down, which lasted for six months, thus greatly damaged his eyesight. His later years in the blindness of the pain through, until death.
runaway
Bach 15 years old, finally separated from home, embarked on an independent life of the road. He entered the choir at the same time into the school of the gods by the wonderful singing of the ancient piano, the violin, and the organ. Here the library is rich in classical music works, Bach one drill into, like a huge piece of sponge, to learn, the integration of the various European schools of artistic achievements, broaden their own music vision. In order to practice piano, he often sleep all night, all night long. Every holiday, he has to walk dozens of miles to Hamburg to listen to famous players playing.
Employment fame
In 1702 he graduated from St. Michel, the following year in a chamber band as a violinist. In the next two decades he had done many things. Bach was known for his great organist life in his lifetime, though he was a composer, teacher, and band conductor. In 1723, when Bach was thirty-eight, he began to sing at the church of St. Thomas in Leipzig, where he had been in the twenty-seven years of his life.
Weimar Age (1708-1717)
Bach played his orator "God is my king, BWV71", resigned in the same year to accept a more rewarding post: the Duke of Weimar William. Ernst's court orchestra; 1714 became long. In Wimachbach created most of the organ works, but also for the first time found Vivaldi's music, began the concerto creation. In 1717 he accepted the position of Prince Edward Leopold, Prince of Kodon, but his resignation was obstructed by William Ernst and even imprisoned before he was exempted from his duty.
Keten era (1717-1723)
The days of Ketten are the golden age of Bach's life. Here he created a lot of excellent secular and religious music, such as the "The Book of the Mean Law Piano Collection", which is known as the "Old Testament of the Keyboard", and the "Brandenburg Concerto", which is a milestone in the development of orchestra ; At the same time Bach is still in the palace of Kotten, Kotung Palace of the temple is very beautiful, here also for the Bach like.
In 1724, Bach's owner Ketten's interest in music seemed indifferent, so he resigned from the office of the court, came to Leipzig as the St. Thomas church school musicians (music guide), where he spent his life The remaining 27 years.
Since then, Ketten is vibrant because of Bach's music: its choir has been using Bach's name since 1906, "Bach Music Festival" founded in 1935, in 1967 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the Bach service, Bach Music Festival "and" Bach Music Competition ", and this as a continuation of the tradition so far, and then the organizers also set up this, that is today's" Kettenbach community. " In 1983 the Ketten Museum of History opened the Bach Memorial.
Leipzig Times (1723-1750)
The Leipzig period was the longest of Bach's life and the most creative period. At this time Bach regardless of playing skills or composition level have come to the point of perfection. He wrote a masterpiece in Leipzig, a touching "b minor mass" and "Matthew Passion", "the average law piano collection" voluntarily and reflect his profound composition of the "fugue art" and so on The In 1747, the king of the unmarked music traveled to Potsdam to be summoned by another king, King Frederick of Prussia, and made improvisation. All the audience here are impressed. In the following year, Bach developed the theme of this performance, writing another work that sums up his composition and playing art - "the devotion of music".
In Leipzig, Bach spent 27 years as a conductor of the St. Thomas male choir, because of his long overuse, Bach vision loss, suffering from cataract in his later years, but he still dictates the creation of dictation. In the first few days of his death, he also dictated a public praise song "to the Lord's altar." Each note of the music expresses the last devout prayer of the old man, and ends abruptly in the twenty-sixth day, and becomes the master's pen.
On the night of July 28, 1750, Bach's life painted the last of the rest, Enron went to the altar of his heart. Three days later, John Sebastian Bach was buried in the cemetery of St. John's Church in Leipzig.
Marriage heirs
Bach was twenty-one years old with his uncle two sister Mary Barbara married and married, they had a total of seven children, but when Bach thirty-five years old wife died soon. The next year he Luan Feng continued, but his second wife not only can not help raise the first seven children, but gave him gave birth to thirteen. Bach left only nine children after death, of which four became truly famous musicians.
巴赫創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格
Theme style
Bach's works are deep, tragic, broad, inner, full of the first half of the 18th century German real life atmosphere. He believes in religion and is a Lutheran. He wanted his music to serve the church, and most of his works were religious music. His music embodies the idea of living in the 18th century German ordinary citizens. He was deeply afflicted by the pain of life, rich and profound life experience, although he negative, yield, but also did not see the way to change life. He felt that a man must have a strong will, a noble belief, the spirit of self-sacrifice. This is the main content that Bach reflects in his art. His works from different angles, with a different image reflects the eighteenth century German people between the humanist ideology.
He is the last great religious artist, he believes that music is "praise the harmony of God's voice", praise God is the central content of human life. His music was originally produced by the Lutheran chant called the hymn. Through the melody you can see the composer combined with the prevailing popular voice. In the form of music he did not intend to innovate, but to push the existing form of the peak.
Bach's works contain certain philosophical and ethical meanings, but his manifestations are not abstract, dogmatic. On the contrary, in his works, the philosophy of philosophy is and lyrical, close to the scene, even though he did not like the use of a lot of modeling techniques, but in order to contrast a certain inner feelings, Bach does not avoid the use of natural scenery Depict (eg wind, river). Bach's music content of the ship's polarity determines his musical style of the version of the active and comprehensive. There is no difference between Bach's vocal style and instrumental style, and he creates a new style of vocal music.
Vocal works
He wrote a number of dramatic elements of the large-scale vocal works, including "Matthew", "b minor" is the most influential works. In these works, Bach as a devout Protestant, through religious forms of music (suffering, mass, scriptures, Cantata, etc.), to express the human disaster, the pain of compassion, sympathy and peace and happiness in the future The desire. Bach's vocal works are the most colorful in Cantata. Bata's Kantata inherited the tradition of the secular "Kang Lu Tata", which was close to the opera, and inherited the tradition of the religious Canta tower, which was close to the polyphonic chorus, to create a new type of acoustic tower. It is both in content and style than the old Cantata to be profound, rich and more.
Barthetta Tarta also has secular and religious distinctions. Most of his secular Cantata is written for the needs of official entertainment, the lyrics are mostly by some ancient Greek mythology to the nobility of the arrogant words of the boring words. But Bach is often beyond the scope of the lyrics, or to seize the individual is not the main words, by the play, written into a lively and interesting music works, such as "farmers Kang Tata". The first Kangtata tower by two farmers with Saxon local dialect sing each other, with a very strong folk conversation funny. Bach's religion Cantata is his long-standing often genre, a large number, almost all of his music works half effect. The contents of these songs are profound and rich, the performance method is also very diverse, and evolving. Initially Bach began with chorus-style Cantata, and later he expanded the range of Cantata, and wrote some of the indoor solo Canta Road also wrote a variety of different forms of Cantata, purely chorus of Cantata but instead Write less Bach in his religion used in the form of Cantata also many people his narrative, aria, duet, chorus has his own original characteristics. Cantata is the instrumental and vocal synthesis of the body of the body part is not accompaniment instrumental part of the small ensemble, big ensemble or other different instrument organization.
And Kantata, Bach's afflicted music is also a combination of instrumental music; Bach according to the performance of different stages of the psychological state of the free use of vocal and instrumental discretion in a variety of different forms. Bach used the form of mass development of music in general thinking, creating a rich musical image, express Ding deep thought to feel the feelings. At this point he and Handel are similar, they are far from the limitations of the opera art, but they returned to religious music. Although this is the inevitable result of the specific historical conditions, this contradiction in Bach's mass is particularly serious.
Instrumental works
Bach's instrumental music is the most important of the harpsichord music. His harpsichord works are much more abundant in content, genre and style than the works of his predecessors and his contemporaries. Bach in the process of creating the harpsichord music, learn from all aspects of experience to enrich the harpsichord music content, genre and style; for example, he learned from the organ music of its improvisation and tragic spirit, he put The polyphonic form derived from the organism is developed on the basis of the characteristics of the harpsichord. He learned the experience of the French harpsichord, wrote the composition of the dancing song; studied the style of the Italian violin music and the multi-Scalaati's harpsichord music style, which influenced his variations in the "c minor" Fantasy EQ "in the most significant.
Bach's dance from the daily life and historical tradition, his music has never been out of the German music tradition. "The average law piano collection" is Bach in the "pure music" field left one of the important legacy. As a work with a German spirit, "the average law piano collection" reflects the kind of rigorous German-style thinking. In addition, Bach's "French Suite", "British Suite" and six "Brandenburg Concerto" and other band works, also expressed the composer of peace and good life prayer and desire. These works sparked a strong sympathy in the hearts of the German people.
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