奧運(yùn)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)介英文
奧運(yùn)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)介英文
奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，簡(jiǎn)稱“奧運(yùn)會(huì)”，是國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)主辦的世界規(guī)模最大的綜合性運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，每四年一屆，是目前世界上影響力最大的體育盛會(huì)下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的奧運(yùn)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)介英文，供大家參閱!
奧運(yùn)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)介
456/5000Àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì (xīlà yǔ:Olympiakoí Agṓnes? Fǎyǔ:Jeux olympiques; yīngyǔ:Olympic Games) jiǎnchēng “àoyùnhuì”, shì guójì àolínpǐkè wěiyuánhuì zhǔbàn de shìjiè guīmó zuìdà de zònghé xìng yùndònghuì, měi sì nián yī jiè, huìqí bù chāoguò 16 rì, shì mùqián shìjiè shàng yǐngxiǎng lì zuìdà de tǐyù shènghuì, fēn wéi xiàjì àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, xiàjì cánjí rén àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, dōngjì àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, dōngjì cánjí rén àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, xiàjì qīngnián àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, dōngjì qīngnián àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, shìjiè xiàjì tèshū àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, shìjiè dōngjì tèshū àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, xiàjì lóng rén àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì, dōngjì lóng rén àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì. Àoyùnhuì zhōng, gège guójiā yòng yùndòng jiāoliú gèguó wénhuà, yǐjí qiēcuō tǐyù jìnéng, qí mùdì shì wèile gǔlì rénmen bùduàn jìnxíng tǐyù yùndòng.
Àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì fāyuán yú liǎng qiān duō nián qián de gǔ xīlà, yīn jǔbàn de zài àolínpīyǎ ér dé míng. Gǔdài àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì tíngbànle 1500 nián zhīhòu, fàguó rén gù bài dàn yú 19 shìjìmò tíchū jǔbàn xiàndài àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì de chàngyì.1894 Nián cheng lì,1896 nián jǔbànle shǒujiè àoyùnhuì,1924 nián jǔbànle shǒujiè dōng ào huì,1960 nián jǔbànle shǒujiè cán ào huì,2010 nián jǔbànle shǒujiè qīng ào huì.Olympic Games (Greek: Öλυμπιακοί Αγώνες; French: Jeux olympiques; English: Olympic Games) referred to as the "Olympic Games" is the International Olympic Committee hosted the world's largest comprehensive sports, every four years, the duration of not more than 16 days, Is the world's most influential sporting event, divided into the Summer Olympic Games, the Summer Paralympic Games, the Winter Olympic Games, the Winter Paralympic Games, the Summer Youth Olympic Games, the Winter Youth Olympic Games, the World Summer Special Olympics, the World Winter Special Olympics, Summer Deaf Olympic Games, Winter Deaf Olympic Games. In the Olympic Games, each country uses sports to exchange national culture, as well as learn from sports skills, its purpose is to encourage people to carry out sports.
The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece more than two thousand years ago, because the venue was named after Olympia. After the ancient Olympic Games closed for 1500 years, the French Coubertin in the late 19th century proposed the initiative of the modern Olympic Games.Established in 1894, the first Olympic Games was held in 1896, the first Winter Olympics was held in 1924, the first Paralympic Games was held in 1960, and the first Green Olympics was held in 2010.
奧運(yùn)會(huì)基本簡(jiǎn)介
The Olympic Games is under the guidance of Olympicism, with sports and the four-year Olympic celebration - the Olympic Games as the main activity content, to promote the comprehensive development of human physiological, psychological and social morality, to communicate the mutual understanding among the people, The world 's popularization of Olympicism and the maintenance of world peace in the international community. The Olympic movement includes Olympicism as the core of the ideological system, the International Olympic Committee, the International Sports Federation and the National Olympic Committee as the backbone of the organizational system and the Olympic Games for the cycle of the activity system.
June 23, 1894, when the French educator Pierre de de Coubertin, known as the "father of the Olympic Games", decided to set up the International Olympic Committee with 79 delegates from 12 countries to create the Olympic movement. A feat once became a satirical object. And in a hundred years later, the Olympic Games has become a celebration of celebrations, the Olympic movement has also attracted 202 countries and regions active participation.
In 1998, the famous "Life" magazine published the most important 1000 events and characters of the historian in the past millennium. In 1896, Coubertin was among the feat of the Olympic Games, and was hailed as one of the thousands of events.
The Olympic movement is a rare masterpiece of human society, it will play a variety of sports functions most vividly, the influence far beyond the scope of sports, in the contemporary world of politics, economy, philosophy, culture, art and news media Many aspects have produced a series of effects that can not be ignored. The Olympic movement not only constitutes the unique cultural and cultural landscape of modern society, with its unique cultural charm of people's physical and mental, but also with its strong humanistic spirit inspiring, endless.
The Olympic movement is the product of the times. The industrial revolution has greatly expanded the economic, political and cultural ties between the various ethnic groups in the world. The exchanges between countries are becoming increasingly close. There is an urgent need for various means of communication to strengthen international mutual understanding. The Olympic movement is to adapt to this social needs and the development of human society to a certain stage of the inevitable product.
The Youth Olympic Games is an international event for young people. It is the highest level of comprehensive sporting events for young people. The age limit for the contestants is 14 to 18 years old. Most of the competition is the same as the Olympic Games. The Youth Olympic Games every four years, the summer Olympic Games up to 12 days.
Olympic Games and the World Cup soccer, World Formula One tournament and known as the world's three major sporting events.
Declaration
November 25, 1892, Baron Coubertin at the University of Sorbonne in Paris to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the establishment of the French Athletics Union held a wonderful speech. He called on people to "persevere in the pursuit of a modern living conditions based on the great and useful cause." This content is extremely rich, passionate historical speech, was later known as the "Olympic Declaration." In 1914, the outbreak of the war in Europe. The speech was not publicly published in a war-torn environment, and Coubertin could only hide it quietly. In 1937, Coubertin died of a heart attack because of an acute heart attack, with an exciting and exciting declaration that seemed to have been forgotten as the speech had disappeared. But the political history of the French diplomatic analysis expert Francois Dama Marquis always believe that the original manuscript is still in the world, he left through the newspaper that bit by bit indirect information, with clues traveled to Europe, North America, Africa. Eventually, the Marquis of Dharma found it in a Swiss bank safe in the early 1990s. As a result, the Marquis deama became the only right holder of the Copenhagen "Olympic Declaration".
In 1994, during the 100th anniversary of the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee published in English and French only 1,000 brochures of the "Olympic Declaration" to publish the existence of this precious manuscript. January 02, 2008, to commemorate the 135th anniversary of the birth of Coubertin, Chinese, French, British three kinds of text "Olympic Declaration" global celebrations held in Beijing. In the "Olympic Declaration" manuscripts lost a hundred years later, in China into the Olympic year, the International Olympic Committee Rogge President and the copyright owner of the French Princess Dama agreed that the civilized magazine for the first time published in the world published three French and Chinese text "Olympic Declaration".
Logo
The Olympic Games have a series of unique and distinctive symbolic symbols, such as the Olympic logo, motto, Olympic flag, song, emblem, medal, mascot, etc., these signs have a rich cultural meaning, the image reflects the Olympic ideal value orientation And cultural connotation.
Olympic rings, which consists of five Olympic rings, with blue, black, red, yellow and green colors. The meaning of the five rings is a symbol of the unity of the five continents and the world's athletes in a fair, frank competition and friendly spirit at the Olympic Games meet.
The Olympic Charter stipulates that the Olympic logo, the Olympic flag, the Olympic motto and the Olympic song are proprietary to the IOC. The IOC may take all appropriate measures to enable the Olympic logo, flag, motto and song to be legally protected at the national and international levels.
The Olympic flag was designed in 1913 by Coubertin, 3 meters long and 2 meters wide. In 1914, the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic movement was raised for the first time at the Olympic Congress in Paris. 1920 Antwerp Olympic Games officially adopted. Olympic flag above the blue is black and red ring, the following is the yellow and green ring.
The hymn was first sung at the opening ceremony of the first summer Olympic Games in 1896, but it was not determined at the time for the Olympic Games. After the 1950s it was suggested that re-creation of new songs, as a permanent song, but after several attempts are not satisfactory. The International Olympic Committee finally decided at the 5th Olympic Games in Tokyo in 1958 to use the "Olympic Hymn" ("Samara Ode") as an Olympic song. The music is stored in the IOC headquarters. Since then, in each Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies can hear this melodious ancient Greek music.
Olympic Motto (Olympic Motto) also known as the Olympic slogan. The Olympic movement has a famous motto: "Faster, higher, stronger (Citius, Altius, Fortius)". The motto is the friend of Coubertin, Henri Didon, the dean of the Aquila Monastery in Paris, who encouraged the students to say a word at an outdoor sporting event held by his students. Here, your slogan is: faster, higher, stronger.
Coubertin borrowed this sentence for the Olympic movement. He had to make his own understanding, which may be the best interpretation of the Olympic spirit:
"The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well."
("The most important thing in life is not success, but struggle, but the most essential thing is not conquest, but hard work.") "The most important thing in life is not victory,
In 1920, the IOC officially recognized "faster, higher, stronger (English: Swifter, Higher, Stronger)" as an Olympic motto and was first used at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics. Since then, the Olympic motto Latin "Citius, Altius, Fortius" appeared in the IOC's various publications. Olympic motto fully expressed the Olympic movement advocated by the progressive, never satisfied with the spirit of struggle. Although only a short six words, but its meaning is very rich, it not only said that in the competitive sports to be strong, dare to fight, dare to win, and encourage people in their own lives and work unwilling to mediocrity, Vigorous, always enterprising, beyond the self, their potential to play to the limit.
The Olympic Charter points out that the Olympic spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair competition. The Olympic spirit has a very important guiding role for the Olympic movement. First, the Olympic spirit emphasizes tolerance and understanding of cultural differences. Secondly, the Olympic spirit emphasizes the fairness and justice of the sport. Everyone is equal, to achieve higher, faster, stronger ideals. As the late American famous black track and field athlete Jessie Owens said, "in sports, people learn not only the game, but also respect for others, life ethics, how to spend their own life and how to treat their own "
The Olympic Charter states that the purpose of the Olympic movement is to "educate young people through physical education that does not have any discrimination, the Olympic spirit - the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship and fair competition, so as to build a peaceful and better The world contributes. "
Olympic Day
In January 1948, the International Olympic Committee at the 42nd plenary session will be June 23 each year as the Olympic Day, held a celebration to commemorate the birth of the International Olympic Committee, promote the Olympic ideal and promote the popularization movement. Since 1987, the International Olympic Committee launched the "Olympic day long run".
Medals
In 1896, at the 1st Modern Olympic Games in Athens, the championship received a silver medal and an olive branch of the Corolla, the runner-up was a bronze medal and a crown. This medal was carefully designed by the French artist Jules Shrimang.
The second Olympic Games was held in Paris, the competition rules to issue a "particularly artistic" prizes, the results canceled the medal, and to each Olympic participants made a rectangular medal, the pattern is the Warriors holding olive branch.
Followed by several Olympic Games, the design of their respective medals have a style, did not form a fixed style. It was not until 1928 that the Olympic Games were held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the medall was designed by Professor Giuseppe Casio, an Italian-based Florentine artist, symbolizing the statue of a woman who loves the friendly, peaceful and united hand of an olive branch. This medal not only awarded the athlete, but also awarded the winner of the art competition held at the same time as the Olympic Games. Since then, the subsequent session of the Olympic Games medal pattern remains unchanged, only the place names and the number of changes accordingly.
Since the 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games, the medallist design has been modified for the first time to reflect the Greek character. Since then, all the Olympic medals will reflect the Greek characteristics, because it is the origin of the Olympic Games and the revival of the land. From the 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games to the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, awarded to the athletes on the medals are carved in the actress Naiji's sitting. From the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, the medal on the Naiqi stood up, and put the wings, fly to the stadium, the victory to the best athletes. Organizing Committee to select the medal pattern is Pan Naxinako Stadium, there is the birthplace of the 1896 modern Olympic Games. The back of the medal has a total of three components: the first few lines of the Olympian Oscar of the ancient Greek poets, who were lit in Olympia and passed through the five continents in 2004, passing through the five continents, Olympic emblem.
The medal designer is Elena Waters.
The torch
The Olympic torch first appeared in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. At that time, Coubertin put forward the idea, but only in the stadium near a fountain water plate lit the flame.
The ancient Olympic Games lit the torch ceremony, originated in the ancient Greek human stealing fire from the myth of God, in the Olympus Zeus (Zeus) before the gods, according to religious rituals lit the fire on the altar, and then the torch traveled all the city, to convey the Olympic Games At the beginning of the message, the city must be truce, forget the hatred and war, and actively preparing to participate in the Olympic Games competition, so the torch symbolizes peace, light, unity and friendship and so on.
In 1920, the Antwerp Olympic Games in order to commemorate the end of the war, burning a symbol of the flame of peace; 1928, during the Amsterdam Olympic Games in a tower burning flame, and the fire by the Olympic to get the condenser. In 1934, the International Olympic Committee confirmed the burning of the torch ceremony and in July 19, 1936 in Olympia held a fire ceremony (1936 Berlin Olympic Games).
Mascot
In the history of the Olympic Games, the mascot for the first time in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Since then the mascot has become the main component of the image of the Olympic Games. International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Games Organizing Committee of the mascot design requirements are very high, every Olympic Games mascot of the opening have attracted the attention of the world, become the highlight of the Olympic Games.
In the form of mascot art, before the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, the Olympic mascot mostly to hold the state-specific animal image for the creation of the prototype, usually a species. After 1992, the Olympic mascot appeared characters, or is completely virtual shape, the number has changed. There were four kinds of mascot in Nagano Winter Games in 1998, there were three kinds of mascot in Sydney in 2000, there were two kinds of mascot in Athens in 2004, and more than five in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games mascot. No matter what kind of form, its basic creative core is conducive to the expression of the theme of the Olympic Games, is conducive to the performance of the host city unique geographical features, historical and cultural and cultural characteristics, while conducive to market development and protection.
The modern Olympic Games produced a variety of mascots. Each mascot is unique, they have a vibrant character, embodies the friendship and fair competition of the Olympic ideal. The mascot for the first time in the Olympic Games played a significant role in the 1972 Munich Olympics. In recent years the Olympic Games, the role of the mascot has been strengthened. The mascot will anthropomorphize the value of the Olympic Games, giving it the physical form and making it widely accepted by the children, which is unmatched by other images of the Olympic Games.
Sworn oath
Olympic Games in 1913 by the International Olympic Committee, the formal implementation of the 1920 (1916 Olympic Games due to a war closed).
Athletes: "I am in the name of all athletes, to ensure that the glory of sports and the honor of our sports team to the real sports moral spirit to participate in the Olympic Games, commitment to not use doping, respect and comply with the rules of the Games" The
Referee: "I am in the name of all the referees and officials,To ensure that the real sports moral spirit, fully open to the implementation of the Olympic Games duties, respect and comply with the rules to guide the Games.
Ritual
Opening ceremony
1, the Olympic Games Organizing Committee announced the opening ceremony, the International Olympic Committee President and the Olympic Games Organizing Committee Chairman at the entrance to meet the host country heads of state, and guide him to the seat of seats;
2, playing or singing the host country national anthem.
3, the opening ceremony of theatrical performances, the host proud of the history and culture, life style will be fully demonstrated. Such as the Beijing Olympic Games on the four major inventions, silk road, martial arts show, the London Olympic Games on the industrial revolution, the British democratic movement and pop music show. The success or failure of the general opening ceremony, largely depends on the effect of large-scale sports and cultural performances.
4. The delegations were lined up in the alphabetical order of the language of the host country (except for the delegations of Greece and the host country, the first admission of the Greek delegation, the final of the host country; the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was arranged in the order of simplified Chinese characters Field, 2014 Nanjing Olympic Games is in accordance with the French alphabetical order admission);
5, the Olympic Games Organizing Committee Chairman speech;
6, the International Olympic Committee President speech;
7, the host country heads of state announced the opening of the Olympic Games,
8, or Olympic flag, playing "Olympic hymns"
9, the delegation of the flagboard around the podium to form a semicircle, the host country of an athlete boarded the podium, he left the corner of the Olympic flag, give his right swear;
10, a referee of the host country boarded the podium, in the same way oath;
11, the Olympic torch relay ran into the stadium, the last relay athletes along the runway around the week after lit the Olympic flame, flying pigeons.
Closing ceremony
1, the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games First of all, the International Olympic Committee President and host country heads of state welcome ceremony
2, the flag of the host country, generally in the central flagpole from the third pole, the second shot for the Olympic flag
3, theatrical performances
4, the flagposters of the delegations according to the order of the opening column 1 column approach, behind them is regardless of nationality of the athletes, the standard-bearer in the podium after the formation of semi-circular
5, men's marathon gold and silver bronze medal awards by the International Olympic Committee President as the award guests. The ceremony was the first of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, meaning the man marathon as a symbol of human will and perseverance, in all Olympic projects to give the highest honor and status.
6, the Olympic volunteer gratitude ceremony, there are athletes on behalf of volunteers to express their contribution to the Olympic Games to pay tribute to the ceremony, the ceremony for the Beijing Olympic Games closing ceremony first.
7, or the Greek flag, playing the Greek national anthem, generally in the central flag from the left pole.
8, the Olympic Games Organizing Committee Chairman
9, the International Olympic Committee Chairman of the closing remarks, in accordance with established practice, he will be a word on the Olympic Games to make an assessment, and announced the closing of the Olympic Games, invited young people to participate in the next Olympic Games. The Olympic flag slowly descended, the Olympic song will sound.
10, the Olympic flag transfer. The flag of the host country of the next Olympic Games rises from the right flagpole. Host the mayor of the city boarded the podium, and the flag to the IOC chairman, the International Olympic Committee chairman to the next Olympic Games host city mayor.
11, the next Olympic host 8 minutes of cultural performances, the ceremony by the 2004 Athens Olympic Games first.
12, the Olympic flame extinguished.
13, athletes carnival.
Award ceremony
During the Olympic Games, the medal shall be issued by the Chairman of the International Olympic Committee (or by his elected member), accompanied by the Chairman of the International Sports Federation (or its representative). Often, at the end of each match, the venue is held at the venue in the following manner: the top three athletes are dressed in formal clothing or sportswear on the podium for official seats. The championships stand slightly higher and then announce their names. The flag of the championship delegation should be raised from the central flagpole, and the flags of the second and third delegations rise from the flagpole right and the left side of the central flag. When the national anthem of the championship delegation is played, all medal winners should face the flag.
Olympiad
Olympiad is the title of the Olympic Games every four years. People often call the Olympic Games Olympiad. The ancient Olympic Games are held leap year, the modern Olympic Games also followed the old system. In 1894 the establishment of the International Olympic Committee decided to hold a modern Olympic Games, but the first Olympic Games until 1896 was held, because this year is a leap year. The modern Olympic Games has always followed the principles of Olympia, even if the Olympic Games can not be scheduled for the war, every leap year is still a session, the Second World War in 1940 and 1944 that followed the case. After the war ended in 1948 to hold the 14th, but also because this year is leap year. The term of this period does not apply to the Winter Olympics, the winter Olympic Games is calculated according to the actual number of times.
Emblem
For details, please refer to the "Olympic logo" entry
Bid process
1. A written application is made by the host city to the International Olympic Committee. The IOC began bidding in the first eight years of the Olympic Games and set a clear deadline. A city intended to host an Olympic Games shall submit an application to the International Olympic Committee in formal written form before this date. The application report must be approved by the National Olympic Committee and signed by the Government. If the same country has more than two cities to be bid, the Olympic Committee from the country to determine one.
2. The International Olympic Committee Executive Committee, the proposed bid for the city to conduct a preliminary screening.
3. The IOC Evaluation Committee conducts field trips to the host cities. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Sports Federation (IFC), which is responsible for the Olympic Games, issued relevant tables and questionnaires to investigate the various conditions of the city. These issues are very specific and detailed, covering all aspects of the hosting of the Olympic Games. The evaluation committee will go to the host cities in person to conduct field trips and submit the results of the study to the International Olympic Committee in written form and issue it to each member as one of the references for the members to vote at the final plenary session.
4. International Olympic Committee plenary vote to determine the city.
5. The IOC signs with the host city.
Remarks
1, the beginning of the founding of the Olympic Games in addition to the fencing, the other projects are not allowed to participate in professional players, the 20th century, 80 years lifted, leaving only boxing does not allow professional players participating, because the International Olympic Committee believes that the high resistance of professional boxing violates the Olympic spirit.
2, the Olympic men's soccer project players in addition to up to three overweight players, the other players shall not exceed 23 years old. And therefore have a "Olympic team" one said. This is the International Olympic Committee and FIFA after the compromise, because FIFA is worried that the Olympic soccer tournament without restrictions will damage the commercial interests of the men's soccer World Cup.
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