對(duì)的英文評(píng)價(jià)大全
Socialist German Workers Party (which was shortened to the Nazi Party). By 1921 he was the leader of the group, and in 1923 led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the ruling German Weimar Republic. Sentenced to prison for his role, Hitler wrote his manifesto, Mein Kampf, and emerged less than a year later as a populist spokesman for
economically depressed and nationalistic Germans. Made chancellor in 1933, he
suspended the constitution, forcibly suppressed all political opposition and brought the Nazis to power. He enforced policies with a brutal secret police (the Gestapo) and formed concentration camps for the organized murder of Jews, Gypsies and political opponents. Hitler's aggressive foreign policy precipitated World War II in 1939. Although he had remarkable early success in the war, by 1942 the tide had turned. Hitler apparently committed suicide in an air-raid shelter in Berlin in 1945, after the Allied forces had invaded Germany.
Hitler survived a 1944 assassination attempt led by Claus von Stauffenberg... One of Hitler's concentration camp victims was Anne Frank... Other WWII leaders include: Britain's Winston Churchill, America's Franklin Roosevelt, Italy's Benito Mussolini, the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin, Japan's Hideki Tojo and France's Charles de Gaulle... One day before his death, Hitler finally married his longtime girlfriend Eva Braun; she
committed suicide with him by swallowing cyanide on 30 April 1945. Hitler apparently swallowed cyanide and then shot himself.
Early Life
The son of Alois Hitler (1837–1903), an Austrian customs official, Adolf Hitler dropped out of high school, and after his mother's death in 1907 moved to Vienna. He twice failed the admission examination for the academy of arts. His vicious anti-Semitism (perhaps influenced by that of Karl Lueger) and political harangues drove many acquaintances away. In 1913 he settled in Munich, and on the outbreak of World War I he joined the Bavarian army. During the war he was gassed and wounded; a corporal, he received the Iron Cross for bravery. The war hardened his extreme nationalism, and he blamed the German defeat on betrayal by Jews and Marxists. Upon his return to Munich he joined a handful of other nationalistic veterans in the German Workers' party.
The Nazi Party
In 1920 the German Workers' party was renamed the National Socialist German Workers, or Nazi, party; in 1921 it was reorganized with Hitler as chairman. He made it a
paramilitary organization and won the support of such prominent nationalists as Field Marshal Ludendorff. On Nov. 8, 1923, Hitler attempted the “beer-hall putsch,” intended to overthrow the republican government. Leading Bavarian officials (themselves
discontented nationalists) were surrounded at a meeting in a Munich beer hall by the Nazi militia, or storm troopers, and made to swear loyalty to this “revolution.” On regaining their freedom they used the Reichswehr [army] to defeat the coup. Hitler fled, but was soon arrested and sentenced to five years in the Landsberg fortress. He served nine months.
The putsch made Hitler known throughout Germany. In prison he dictated to Rudolf Hess the turgid Mein Kampf [my struggle], filled with anti-Semitic outpourings, worship of power, disdain for civil morality, and strategy for world domination. It became the bible of National Socialism. Under the tutelage of Hitler and Gregor Strasser, aided by Josef Goebbels and from 1928 by Hermann Goering, the party grew slowly until the economic depression, beginning in 1929, brought it mass support.
Hitler's Rise to Power
To Germans burdened by reparations payments to the victors of World War I, and
threatened by hyperinflation, political chaos, and a possible Communist takeover, Hitler, frenzied yet magnetic, offered scapegoats and solutions. To the economically depressed he promised to despoil “Jew financiers,” to workers he promised security. He gained the financial support of bankers and industrialists with his virulent anti-Communism and promises to control trade unionism.
Hitler had a keen and sinister insight into mass psychology, and he was a master of
intrigue and maneuver. After acquiring German citizenship through the state of Brunswick, he ran in the presidential elections of 1932, losing to the popular war hero Paul von Hindenburg but strengthening his position by falsely promising to support Chancellor Franz von Papen, who lifted the ban on the storm troops (June, 1932).
When the Nazis were elected the largest party in the Reichstag (July, 1932), Hindenburg offered Hitler a subordinate position in the cabinet. Hitler held out for the chief post and for sweeping powers. The chancellorship went instead to Kurt von Schleicher, who resigned on Jan. 28, 1933. Amid collapsing parliamentary government and pitched battles between Nazis and Communists, Hindenburg, on the urging of von Papen, called Hitler to be
chancellor of a coalition cabinet, refusing him extraordinary powers. Supported by Alfred Hugenberg, Hitler took office on Jan. 30.
Hitler in Power
Germany's new ruler was a master of Machiavellian politics. Hitler feared plots, and firmly believed in his mission to achieve the supremacy of the so-called Aryan race, which he termed the “master race.” Having legally come to power, he used brutality and subversion to carry out a “creeping coup” to transform the state into his dictatorship. He blamed the Communists for a fire in the Reichstag on Feb. 27, and by fanning anti-Communist
hysteria the Nazis and Nationalists won a bare majority of Reichstag seats in the elections of Mar. 5. After the Communists had been barred, and amid a display of storm trooper strength, the Reichstag voted to give Hitler dictatorial powers.
From the first days of Hitler's “Third Reich” (for its history, see Germany; National
Socialism; World War II) political opponents such as von Schleicher and Gregor Strasser (who had resigned from the Nazis) were murdered or incarcerated, and some Nazis, among them Ernst Roehm, were themselves purged. Jews, Socialists, Communists, and others were hounded, arrested, or assassinated. Government, law, and education became appendages of National Socialism. After Hindenburg's death in 1934 the
chancellorship and presidency were united in the person of the Führer [leader]. Heil Hitler! became the obligatory form of greeting, and a cult of Führer worship was propagated.
In 1938, amid carefully nurtured scandal, Hitler dismissed top army commanders and divided their power between himself and faithful subordinates such as Wilhelm Keitel. As Hitler prepared for war he replaced professional diplomats with Nazis such as Joachim von Ribbentrop. Many former doubters had been converted by Hitler's bold diplomatic coups, beginning with German rearmament. Hitler bullied smaller nations into making territorial concessions and played on the desire for peace and the fear of Communism among the larger European states to achieve his expansionist goals. To forestall retaliation he claimed to be merely rectifying the onerous Treaty of Versailles.
Benito Mussolini became his ally and Italy gradually became Germany's satellite. Hitler helped Franco to establish a dictatorship in Spain. On Hitler's order the Austrian
chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss was assassinated, and the Anschluss amalgamated Austria with the Reich. Hitler used the issue of “persecuted” Germans in Czechoslovakia to push through the Munich Pact, in which England, France, and Italy agreed to German
annexation of the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia (1938).
World War II
Hitler's nonaggression pact (Aug., 1939) with Stalin allowed him to invade Poland (Sept.
1), beginning World War II, while Stalin annexed Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia to the USSR and attacked eastern Poland; but Hitler honored the pact only until he found it
convenient to attack the USSR (June, 1941). In Dec., 1941, he assumed personal
command of war strategy, leading to disaster. In early 1943 he refused to admit defeat at the battle of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), bringing death to vast numbers of German troops. As the tide of war turned against Hitler, his mass extermination of the Jews,
overseen by Adolf Eichmann, was accelerated, and he gave increasing power to Heinrich Himmler and the dread secret police, the Gestapo and SS (Schutzstaffel).
Fall of Hitler and the Third Reich
By July, 1944, the German military situation was desperate, and a group of high military and civil officials (including Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben and Karl Goerdeler)
attempted an assassination. Hitler escaped a bomb explosion with slight injuries; most of the plotters were executed. Although the war was hopelessly lost by early 1945, Hitler insisted that Germans fight on to the death. During the final German collapse in Apr., 1945, Hitler denounced Nazi leaders who wished to negotiate, and remained in Berlin when it was stormed by the Russians.
On Apr. 29 Hitler married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun, and on Apr. 30 they
committed suicide together in an underground bunker of the chancellery building, having ordered that their bodies be burned. Hitler left Germany devastated; his legacy is the memory of one of the most dreadful tyrannies of modern times.
Bibliography
See his Mein Kampf (complete tr. 1940), Hitler's Secret Conversations, 1941–1944 (tr. 1953), and Hitler's Secret Book (tr. 1962). See also biographies by A. Bullock (rev. ed. 1964), B. F. Smith (1968), J. C. Fest (tr. 1974), and I. Kershaw (2 vol., 1999–2000); H. R. Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler (1947); W. A. Jenks, Vienna and the Young Hitler (1960); W. Maser, Hitler (tr. 1973); R. E. Hertzstein, Adolf Hitler and the German Trauma, 1913–1945 (1974); R. and C. Winston, Hitler (1974); R. Hamilton, Who Voted for Hitler? (1982); J. Lukacs, The Hitler of History (1997); R. Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler (1998); F. Redlich, Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet (1998); R. J. Overy, The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia (2004).
Recently, German Hitler comedy film, "my head: Adolf Hitler's truth" Jewish director Danny Levy with a cold humorous way to describe Hitler as a depression, and absurd to the head not only often wet the bed, like the bathtub And warships to play war, but also indulge in drugs, and the mistress Eva's relationship also has a false name, the Germans seem to be able to get obscene pleasure, we see, World War II and the Jewish massacre is not all German errors, Germany People are good, just because they happen to be a lunatic leader and patient!
Hitler's personal image by the ugly, the German nation can collectively off sin? Hitler itself is the German national revenge and will of the people on behalf of the war, the failure of Hitler described as a devil clown as if everyone can feel relaxed, but it is false self-deception, if not thousands of , The Hitler and the Nazis were able to come to power and bring an unprecedented catastrophe to the brink of national destruction.
I appreciate the first human Hitler film "The Destruction of the Empire." In this film Hitler is more like a German neighbor, uncle, gentle and polite to the surrounding lady, he will cry, like to eat chocolate cake, often holding a beloved shepherd walks. In the moment of poisoning the dog will be unable to bear and turned away because it is also a person who has lived in this world! Can be simply because Hitler re-positioning is a person in the public opinion caused a great disturbance.
Anti-Nazi personage, the German contemporary well-known writer Thomas Mann once in his essay "our brothers Hitler" in Hitler did "humanization" description. He hoped that Germany could face Hitler, he said: "Hitler's appearance is not accidental, he is a truly normal German phenomenon. Against many Germans to the emergence of Nazi as a historical accident, the real devil is in each The heart of Germany! Thomas Mann reveals the German characteristics until today also make the Germans feel pain, because his revealing is appropriate, today is still worthy of people thinking.
From Germany's political and cultural traditions of Hitler came to power, this is entirely logical, but also completely correct, because Germany exists on the one hand, idealism and romanticism, on the other hand there are ancient autocratic history of the country, people are used to looking for a A strong leader, a strongman. Is Germany in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century was depressed by the national interests of the extreme emotional outbreak, Germany's own choice, and ultimately there must be Hitler such a culmination of the characters. Is a post-war full of oppression, injustice and hatred, humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles created Hitler and war!
Guderian also said that Hitler is a vegetarian, do not drink, do not smoke."From a personal point of view, his way of life is very noble and pure, very worthy of admiration.
Who in the reign of Hitler, if the courage to resist, he first is a bold man, famous Guderian talked about the attitude of the Germans on Hitler: "I have participated in numerous reports and meetings, know very few people Is dare to be opposed to him, and Hitler, and these people are still alive in today's even less.Some people only dare to whisper in the corridor conversation, to express their opposition, or encourage others to die .
World War II Germany's expansion and the Japanese aggression in the East is different from the European territory of the origin of view to the Germanic people to create the Holy Roman Empire has ruled the majority of Europe, later because of historical reasons, Germany did not end quickly after the Middle Ages Bismarck in 1871 to build the second German Empire, is equal to once an important component of the South German people will be excluded, the Germans in the form of the actual unity of the surface under the split, Hitler became a successful fuse in the Second World War, Hitler successfully recovered the war lost Saar region, troops stationed in the country's Reynolds demilitarized zone, the exercise of a country's legitimate territorial sovereignty, in 1938 Austria, Czechoslovakia Of the Soviet Union and Taiwan region into the German territory. Recover territory, peaceful expansion of the territory. All this is in line with the interests of the German nation, Hitler gained a high degree of prestige and the German support.
In World War II, Germany showed a remarkable military flexibility, and was adept at using an indirect strategy of roundabout and surprise. In the relationship between the rule of the occupied territories and the relationship with the Allies has shown that Germany's arrogance, domineering, rigid and selfish cold, the Germans stupid to create their own numerous enemies, so that the prospects for Germany difficult.
Germany's use of the invention of World War II armored blitzkriegs, jets, and missiles opened up a new era of war. Hitler to Germany's glory and glory reached its peak in history, but also quickly slipped into the abyss of destruction.
It can be said that the vitality and creativity of Germany, Germany's efficiency, diligence, excellent and brutal evil in the World War done in the most vividly show!
As for the brutal and bloody in World War II, I would like to remind you that massacres and violence have become a means of resolving contradictions. There is no qualitative difference between warfare and genocide, cruelty is the fashion of that era. The US and British allies had long known the killing of the Jews, but no one protested and stopped. In fact, my heart is smiling. As for the European countries, many of them are scrambling to send the Jews Hitler is doing what they want to do and dare not do.
To Hitler as a madman devil is simple, it seems that this will reduce the guilt of each German, Hitler became the scapegoat of the German conscience! But in fact it also insulted their own national IQ, I would like to ask a madman devil every leader of the nation is what kind of nation, is it a mentally handicapped nation?
Today, Hitler spared no effort, many of which are also the Nazis for the brilliant and triumphant. For these people, the so-called rationality is the king defeated Kou.
All the praise and boundless slander are necessarily objective and paranoid political propaganda, in the lion's body on the bounce is often only rats and the crows, the most important thing is to say, , In this case to induce many people can not be objective and rational thinking, I am afraid that conclusion is definitely not correct.
Now rejects all Nazi Germany's objection to Hitler's war of aggression and the defeat of the war, so that all his social reform of state reform is only considered a deception, but so far, the European countries, but The idea of a welfare society was developed. Then the capitalist countries and the so-called socialist countries have conducted aggression and interference in the internal affairs of other countries in this century, and that their civilization achievements are worthless?
The rulers who died in shame and dishonor did not show their bravery and fearlessness. When the characters had become history, it was necessary to deal with the historical phenomenon and essence with the objective psychology of the study. Nazism and all the socialist movements in history are human beings to explore their own destiny and future development and try, do not forget the earliest welfare state is the national socialism before the war Germany Germany. Despite the painful price paid in the world after being denied. But Hitler was not only a dictatorship destroyed by infinite power, but also as a failed idealist. Hope we hate the sin, not the man.
A lack of rational thinking, like to blame all the evil of a person's society is inevitable to repeat the same mistakes. The thinking that Hitler gives us will accompany the 21st century.
Then someone has said: 'Since the Revolution the people has gained Rights. The people govern!' Strange! The people has now been ruling three years and no one has in practice once asked its opinion. Treaties were signed which will hold us down for centuries: and who has signed the treaties? The people? No! Governments which one fine day presented themselves as Governments. And at their election the people had nothing to do save to consider the question: there they are already, whether I elect them or not. If we elect them, then they are there through our election. But since we are a self-governing people, we must elect the folk in order that they may be elected to govern us.
Then it was said, 'Freedom has come to us through the Revolution.' Another of those things that one cannot see very easily! It is of course true that one can walk down the street, the individual can go into his workshop and he can go out again: here and there he can go to a meeting. In a word, the individual has liberties. But in general, if he is wise, he will keep his mouth shut. For if in former times extraordinary care was taken that no one should let slip anything which could be treated as lèse-majesté, now a man must take much greater care that he doesn't say anything which might represent an insult to the majesty of a member of Parliament.
And if we ask who was responsible for our misfortune, then we must inquire who profited by our collapse. And the answer to that question is that 'Banks and Stock
Exchanges are more flourishing than ever before.' We were told that capitalism would be destroyed, and when we ventured to remind one or other of these famous statesmen and said 'Don't forget hat Jews too have capital,' then the answer was: 'What are you worrying about? Capitalism as a whole will now be destroyed, the whole people will now be free.
對(duì)的英文評(píng)價(jià)大全
