八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)是世界第一大語(yǔ)言，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)以后工作、生活都很重要。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你提供的八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望能幫到你。
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)：重要詞匯和句型
1. get ( 1 ) 買 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 為某人買某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到, 到達(dá) Where did you get the book ?
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .
(3) 使, 讓 get + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) 使某人\ 某物 怎么樣
Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) ( 逐漸) 變得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about \ what about 后跟名詞\ 代詞\ 動(dòng)詞ing形式。
( 1) 向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?
(2) 向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖?jiàn)或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 詢問(wèn)天氣或身體情況
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 談話中承接上下文
I’m forty years old . How about you ?
I’m from Beijing . How about you ?
3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .
She was very glad to receive the invitation .
He didn’t receive a good education at university .
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6--year – old child 一個(gè)六歲的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “數(shù)詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞, 作前置定語(yǔ),
修飾后面的名詞child .
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：
a five-year-old girl 一個(gè)五歲的女孩
a six-foot-deep hole 一個(gè)六英尺深的洞
a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子 a 100-meter race一場(chǎng)百米賽跑
a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房
a two-inch-thick dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典
5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動(dòng)詞原形, 構(gòu)成不定式. 句子的主語(yǔ)與
動(dòng)詞不定的主語(yǔ)不一時(shí), 可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語(yǔ)for sb.
He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊(duì)) .
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .
表示否定意義的never \ not 和too … to… 連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣.
One is never too old to learn .
too … to… 可以與 enough to 和 so… that … 轉(zhuǎn)換.
與enough to轉(zhuǎn)換 時(shí), enough 前的形容詞, 副詞必須是too 后面形容詞,
副詞的反義詞, 并使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
== she isn’t old enough to do the work .
與 so… that … 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí), that 后面的從句要用否定形式.
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. cost 1) 動(dòng)詞 , 花費(fèi) \ 價(jià)值 (多少錢 )
How much did it cost ?
I didn’t buy it because it cost too much .
The meal cost us about 100 yuan .
(2 ) 名詞 , 成本, 費(fèi)用, 價(jià)錢. at all costs不惜任何代價(jià); at the cost
of 以 …… 為代價(jià).
Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country .
We must stop it at all costs .
After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
cost of their lives .
7. pay , spend , cost , take 的區(qū)別
pay 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢 ) , 主語(yǔ)是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .
Spend 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢或時(shí)間 ),主語(yǔ)是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.
Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework .
cost 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢 ) , 主語(yǔ)是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .
This jacket cost him 200 dollars .
take 花費(fèi) (時(shí)間 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .
花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth ?
花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework .
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .
It will take them 6 months to build the building .
How long does it take him to plant the trees ?
8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
sleep 動(dòng)詞, 睡覺(jué), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作. I am very tired . I want to sleep .
He slept for 12 hours yesterday .
sleeping , Sleep 的現(xiàn)在分詞, 表示 “ 正在睡覺(jué)”
Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping .
They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were .
sleepy 想睡覺(jué)的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed .
asleep 睡著了的.
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .
Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .
fall asleep 強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒(méi)有睡著到睡著的過(guò)程, 不能接一段時(shí)間
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .
He listened to music and fell asleep .
be asleep 表示睡著后的狀態(tài) , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時(shí)間 .
He was asleep for three hours .
9. choose 動(dòng)詞, “ 選擇,挑選 ” , 過(guò)去式chose, 過(guò)去分詞chosen
choose to do sth. 選擇做某事
can’t Choose but 只得……
pick and choose 挑挑揀揀
There are many books to choose from .
We choose mike as our leader ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ).
Will you help me choose a dictionary ?
Everyone can’t choose but obey ( 服從 ) .
It’s her habit (習(xí)慣 ) to pick and choose while shopping .
10. present (1) 禮物, 禮品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ?
what can I get him for a birthday present ?
( 2 ) 目前, 現(xiàn)在 I’m sorry he is out at present .
You have to forget the past and start living in the present .
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
11. open ( 1 ) 動(dòng)詞, 打開(kāi) , 開(kāi)業(yè), 開(kāi)張, 展現(xiàn)
It’s not right to open other people’s letters .
Would you mind opening the window ?
The door opens to the south .
This factory opened in 1998.
( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開(kāi)著的, 開(kāi)放的
In his dream the flowers are all open .
Most shops are closed but several are still open .
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public .
close 動(dòng)詞, 關(guān)閉, 關(guān)上 , 合上
Please close the door to keep the cold out .
closed 形容詞, be closed 關(guān)著的, 關(guān)閉的
when we got to the shop it was closed .
12 . give away 贈(zèng)送 , 分發(fā) give away sth to sb
Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .
John gave away his notebook to me .
其它短語(yǔ) give up 放棄 give back 歸還 give off 放出, 發(fā)出(氣味)
give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物給某人
13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名詞, 代詞, 從句
The color seems green rather than blue .
If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .
We depend on you rather than on him .
You should help them rather than they should help you .
prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……
She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .
He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .
Would rather do sth than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……
He would rather play than work .
I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .
14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作為代替, 而是”
Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動(dòng)名詞, 介詞短語(yǔ).表示 “ 代替, 而不是”
I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 電梯 ) .
He studies in the evening instead of during the day .
15. enter (1) 參加 == take part in \ join
More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .
My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .
( 2 ) 進(jìn)入 ==come into \ go into
She entered\ came into the room with these words .
Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?
16. encourage 動(dòng)詞, 鼓勵(lì), 激勵(lì) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .
Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .
17. progress 名詞, “ 進(jìn)步, 進(jìn)展” make progress “取得進(jìn)步, 取得進(jìn)展”
My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .
Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .
They made no progress in the heavy snow .
18. suggest 動(dòng)詞, 建議, 提議. 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動(dòng)名詞和從句
she suggested a way out of the difficulty .
he suggested going home .
who suggested you staying here ?
I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .
19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣
否定表達(dá)是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事不感興趣
Do you take an interest in English ?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games .
He takes no interest in playing basketball .
be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣
I’m deeply interested in swimming .
She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old .
20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
提到了三種提高英語(yǔ)的好方法.
of improving English是介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾ways . 它相當(dāng)與 動(dòng)詞不定式.
Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
=== Three good ways to improve English are mentioned .
Can you find a way to work out the problem ?
==Can you find a way of working out the problem ?
Fast is another way of saying quick .
== Fast is another way to say quick .
Mention (1) 動(dòng)詞, “ 提到, 提及, 說(shuō)起 ”
as mentioned above 如上所述
He often mentioned his past to me .
Nobody mentioned anything to me about it .
Did she mention where she was going ?
You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad .
As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well .
( 2 ) 名詞, “ 提及, 說(shuō)起 ”
The newspaper made no mention of him .
21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us ?
I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)：形容詞、 副詞
一、形容詞
(一)形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。
(二)形容詞的用法及位置：
1.作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。
The nice girl is my sister .
I have something important to tell you .
2. 少數(shù)形容只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。
3.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。 He looks happy .
4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make , leave , keep 等動(dòng)詞連用。
You must keep your eyes closed .
Don’t make your hands dirty .
5. 某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類人。常見(jiàn)的詞有：good , bad , rich , poor ,
young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。
The young should be polite to the old .
Please don’t laugh at the poor .
6. 某些表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式(to + 動(dòng)詞原形)：
glad , happy , pleased
be sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth .
ready , afraid , able
easy , difficult
(三) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
1.規(guī)則變化
(1)一般情況，直接在詞尾加er \ est 。
(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)， 加 r \ st 。
(3)以“輔音字母 +y ”結(jié)尾時(shí)， 把y變?yōu)?i ，再加er \ est 。
( 4) 部分形容詞，先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er \ est 。
big , hot, fat , thin , red ,
(5) 部分形容詞， 在前面加 more \ most 。
beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous
(6) 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more \ most 。
friendly(友好的) , lonely(孤獨(dú)的) , lovely(可愛(ài)的)
Likely(有希望的) , daily (日常的), lively (有生氣的)
2. 不規(guī)則變化
good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most
bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least
far ---farther (較遠(yuǎn)的) \ further (進(jìn)一步的) ---farthest (最遠(yuǎn)的) \ furthest (最大程度的)
old ---older(年紀(jì)較大的) \ elder(年紀(jì)最大的)---oldest(較年長(zhǎng)的)\ eldest (最年長(zhǎng)的)
(四) 形容詞原級(jí)的用法：
1.說(shuō)明人或事物自身的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)用形容詞原形。
The flowers in the garden are beautiful .
2. 有表示程度的副詞very , so , too, enough , quite 等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞原形。
The boy is too young .
3.表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時(shí)，用形容詞原形。
肯定句：A + 動(dòng)詞 + as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
English is as interesting as Chinese .
Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .
否定句：A + 動(dòng)詞 + not as \ so+ 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
This book is not as \ so new as that one .
I am not so careful as Lucy .
否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于 A + 動(dòng)詞 + less + 形容詞原形 + than + B 。
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .
4. 表示“A 是B 的幾倍”： A +動(dòng)詞+ 倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
Our school is three times as big as theirs .
This table is twice as long as that one .
5.“A + 動(dòng)詞 +Half + as + 形容詞原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半”
Her room is half as big as yours .
(五)、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法：
1.表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)：A + 動(dòng)詞+ 形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B
Lily’s room is bigger than mine .
This mooncake is nice than that one .
2. 有表示程度的副詞a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,
Far , rather , any 等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)。
I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .
3. 表示兩者之間“哪一個(gè)更、、、”：which \ who is +形容詞比較級(jí), A or B ?
Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?
Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?
4. 表示“幾倍于、、、、、、”時(shí)， 用“A + 動(dòng)詞 + 倍數(shù)+比較級(jí) + than + B ”
I am three years older than you .
5.表示“兩者之間較、、、、、、的一個(gè)”，常用 “the +比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu) 。
Mary is the taller of the twins .
6. 表示“越來(lái)越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級(jí) +and + 比較級(jí) ”，多音節(jié)
詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more +形容詞原形 ”
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .
7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用“the +比較級(jí) , the +比較級(jí) ”
The harder he works , the richer he is .
The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .
(六)、形容詞最高級(jí)的用法：
1.三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞最高級(jí)。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞
the , 句末常跟一個(gè)in \ of 短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。
He is the strongest of the three boys .
Shanghai is the biggest city in china .
2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一個(gè)最、、、、、、?”用句型：
Which \ who is + the + 最高級(jí) , A , B , or C ?
Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?
3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 時(shí)，用句型：
主語(yǔ) + is + one of the +形容詞最高級(jí) +名詞復(fù)數(shù) 。
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .
4. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾大 / 長(zhǎng) / 高 等”
Changjiang River is the first longest river in China .
5. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，此時(shí)不用the 。
This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .
6. 形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .
==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .
==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .
(七)、--ing 形容詞與--ed 形容詞：
--ing 形容詞表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對(duì)人的影響，一般修飾或說(shuō)明事物。如：surprising(令人驚訝的) , exciting (令人興奮的), interesting(有趣的) 等。--ed 形容詞表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對(duì)事物的感受，主語(yǔ)一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ) 。 如：surprised(感到驚訝的) , excited(感到興奮的) ,
Interested(感到有趣的) 等。
We are all excited about the exciting news .
(八)在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，必須把主體排除在被比較的范圍之外。
China is larger than any other country in Asia .( 在同一范圍內(nèi))
China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范圍內(nèi))
二、副詞：用來(lái)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念，主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞
或整個(gè)句子。
( 一).副詞的分類：
1.時(shí)間副詞：now , then , today , tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,
Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already ,
Yet , ever , never , seldom 。時(shí)間副詞是確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志，需牢記。
2.地點(diǎn)副詞：outside , inside , upstairs , here , there , home , near , away ,
In , back , off , up , anywhere 。
3.方式副詞：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily ,
fast , again 。方式副詞大多由“形容詞 +y ”構(gòu)成。
4.程度副詞：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .
5. 疑問(wèn)副詞：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,
How far . 疑問(wèn)副詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。
6.關(guān)系副詞：when , where , why , how 等。關(guān)系副詞常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。
(一)副詞的用法：
1.作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或整個(gè)句子。
Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young .
Luckily , he was not badly hurt .
2. 作表語(yǔ)，表示方位上的變化： My father will be back in a week .
3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Let him in , please .
(三) 副詞的位置：
1.一般副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后帶有賓語(yǔ)，則放在賓語(yǔ)后。
We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully .
2. 頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。
He is always late for school .
I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .
3. 某些副詞為了強(qiáng)調(diào)上下句的銜接，放在句子之前。
Suddenly he had a good idea .
4. enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要放在形容詞或副詞的后面。
The boy is old enough to go to school .
He got up early enough to catch the train .
(四) 副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法：
1.副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法和形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法基本相同。
2.表示“A不如B”時(shí)，使用：A + 助動(dòng)詞+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + as \ so + 副詞原形+ as+ B .
還可使用：A + 動(dòng)詞+ less +副詞原形 + than + B
Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim .
==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .
3. 副詞最高級(jí)前一般不加定冠詞the 。
Lin Tao did best in English of all .
(五)易混詞辨析：
1. hard , hardly
hard意為“努力地，辛苦地，劇烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副詞。
hardly意為“幾乎不”，是否定副詞。
As students , we should study hard .
I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?
2. too , also , either
too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾;also常放在be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞
之前;either用于否定句，常放在句尾。
You are a student . I am a student , too.
They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .
5. too , enough , so
too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太、、、、、、而不能、、、、、、”
enough表示“足夠”， “形容詞 / 副詞+ enough to…”表示“足夠、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。
so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”
The man is too old to look after himself .
The boy runs fast enough to win the game .
The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .
6. already , yet
already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句末尾。
I have already finished my homework .
== I have finished my homework already.
Have you finished your homework yet ?
I haven’t had lunch yet .