初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié)有哪些
語(yǔ)法是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的必要條件,所以在初一學(xué)好語(yǔ)法很有必要。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納,希望可以幫到你!
初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納
一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法:說(shuō)明身份,年齡,狀態(tài)等。
口訣:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。
單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。
變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。
變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫(xiě)莫忘記。
be動(dòng)詞的用法:
be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。
第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來(lái)用。
句型解析析:I am+…
I am a student. I am a boy.
第二人稱(You)配合are使用。
句型解析:You are+…
You are my good friend. You are a good person.
第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。
句型解析:She(He, It) is +…
She is a good girl. She is so cute.
人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。
句型解析:We (You, They) are +…
We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students.
注意:
1 綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,前面請(qǐng)先加上第幾人稱。
be動(dòng)詞前面的人稱,是不可隨意替換的。例如:
I am, You are, She is,并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is, You am, She are 這樣的情形。
2 當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前
例如:you and I, Tom and I
當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面,
例如:you and Tom
當(dāng)三者都有時(shí),排序?yàn)椋? 3 1
例如you, Tom and I
練習(xí):1. Where ______ Ann . She ______ here.
2. How old ______ you . I ______ thirteen.
3. ______ you Mr Read . Yes, I ______.
4. What ______ your name. My name ____ Ann
二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can
1 can作“能、會(huì)”解,否定式是cannot,縮寫(xiě)為can’t。
“can+動(dòng)詞原形” “can’t+動(dòng)詞原形” :表示某人能做或不能做某事
Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
Can 表示的”能力”為現(xiàn)在的能力,而不是過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的能力。
1). for ability表示能力。例如:
—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.
I can run fast,can you?
2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如:
—Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎?不,她不會(huì)。
3). indicating permission表示許可。例如:
Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?
Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎?
We can’t wear jeans at work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。
4). indicating requests表示要求。例如:
Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎?
Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?
5). indicating possibly表示可能性。例如:
That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗—她住院了。
He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺(jué)。
There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?
6). used to make suggestions用以提出建議。例如:
We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的話,咱們可以在飯館吃飯。
I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開(kāi)車去。
三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Would
1 Would是will的過(guò)去式,可用于各人稱,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的"意志"、"愿望"和 "決心"等。
如:I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
2 would用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)時(shí),不論是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:
Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?
Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?
[注]在日常會(huì)話中,I would like to和I should like to都可以說(shuō),I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like。如:yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to
Yes, very much. Sorry, ai already have an appointment.
3 Would還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問(wèn)題要解決時(shí),他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。
練習(xí):
1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_A___.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
2 The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
3 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?
A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try
4 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must
5 ___ you like to have another try?
A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do
6 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
四 “there be”句型
There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。
”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。
There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:
Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:
?、賂here is a tree behind the house.
?、赥here is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
?、跿here are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:
?、賂here is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
肯定句:there is an apple on the table
否定句:there isn't an apple on the table.
一般疑問(wèn)句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is. / No, there isn't
特殊疑問(wèn)句:what is there on the table.
1. 定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu):
(1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
(2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。
?、?There is a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。
?、?There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.
我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。
?、?There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹(shù)下有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩。
3. There be句型與have的區(qū)別:
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。 eg.
?、貶e has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。
②There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。
(2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時(shí),There be 句型與其可互換。
?、貯 week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。
4 變臉一:否定句
There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如:
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree
.=There is no bike behind the tree.
5 變臉二:一般疑問(wèn)句
There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可,此為\"調(diào)整法\"。但同時(shí)要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí),要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)??纯聪旅鎯删涫侨绾蝄"改頭換面\"的吧:
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
6 變臉三:特殊疑問(wèn)句
There be句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式有以下三種變化:
① 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn):當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),用\"Who\'s+介詞短語(yǔ)?\";當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),用\"What\'s + 介詞短語(yǔ)?\"。注意:無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。如:
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
?、?對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn):提問(wèn)地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用"Where is / are+主語(yǔ)?\"啦!例如:
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
?、?對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn):一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu):
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)?
How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)?
初一英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
形容詞的級(jí)
我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。
如:greater-greatest, shorter–shortest,
taller–tallest, longer–longest,
nicer- nicest, larger –largest(大)
二) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)
結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。
如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest (字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest少)
三) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。
如:happy-happier happiest,
sorry-sorrier sorriest,
friendly(友好的)-friendlier friendliest
(more friendly most friendly),
Busy(忙碌)-busier busiest,
easy-easier easiest
初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
重點(diǎn)句式及注意事項(xiàng):
1. 他正在干什么? What is he doing?
他正在吃飯。 He is eating dinner.
他正在哪里吃飯? Where is he eating dinner?
他正在家里吃飯。 He is eating dinner at home.
2. 你想什么時(shí)候去? When do you want to go?
讓我們六點(diǎn)鐘去吧。 Let’s go at six o’clock.
3. 他正在等什么? What is he waiting for?
他正在等公交車。 He is waiting for a bus.
4. 他們正在和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話? Who are they talking with?
他們正在和Miss Wu說(shuō)話。 They are talking with Miss Wu.
5. 你們正在談?wù)撌裁? What are you talking about?
我們正在談?wù)撎鞖狻?We are talking about the weather.
6. 他們都正在去上學(xué)。 They are all going to school.
7. 這兒是一些我的照片。 Here are some of my photos.
這兒是一些肉。 Here is some of meat. (some of meat不可數(shù),故用is)
8. 謝謝你幫我買(mǎi)這本書(shū)。 Thank you for helping me buy this book.
9. family 家;家庭。強(qiáng)調(diào)“整體”,是單數(shù);強(qiáng)調(diào)“成員”時(shí),是復(fù)數(shù)。 His family has a shower. 他們家有一個(gè)淋浴。 His family are watching TV. 他全家在看電視。
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