托福閱讀越錯越多怎么辦

時間：2020-07-19 14:28:57 楚薇0由分享

托福閱讀越錯越多怎么辦?這一定是因為你做題的時候掉進了什么誤區(qū)，一起來看看吧!

托福閱讀越錯越多怎么辦

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process。

很多人在看到這句話的時候，經(jīng)常翻譯為"沙漠化是源于"或者翻譯為"沙漠化導致""很多的土地與很多的人去影響的原因。 "這里面有兩個點特別容易犯錯誤，一是result from是源于的意思，而不是單純的導致的意思。

二是affected在這里其實是后置定語，因此這里的意思是"被影響"，這里很多人又疑惑了，因為我們以前看到的東西都是，人的因素導致沙漠化啊，怎么又會是被影響呢?這就是你的問題了，你被自己以前獲得的信息給影響了，你只要知道文章的作者是這么認為的就可以了，何必把自己腦中的信息強加在本文作者身上呢?

這句話其實是一個很淺顯的例子，舉這個例子，其實就是想告訴很多考生很多時候，只是認為自己已經(jīng)把文章讀懂了，但是實際上對于文章的理解上有無數(shù)的錯誤，這其實就是語言的細節(jié)!這些細節(jié)點要想解決靠的是什么?靠的是單詞的積累，靠的是語法的一步一步的打磨。

新托福閱讀考試中如果你經(jīng)常有看得懂文章，但不對題的感嘆出現(xiàn)，考生們最好還是從自身下手，去檢查自己的單詞，以及語法，如果覺得不知道從哪里下手，到底該怎么提升，建議你做做老托福的語法，而且要多分析錯題;并且多找一些文章多翻譯一下，然后按照里面給出的譯文去檢查一下自己到底哪里理解錯了，希望以上這些方法可以幫到大家。

托福閱讀值得警惕的誤區(qū)分析

這種方法相當于瞎子摸象，只對新托福閱讀文章只有局部的感覺，整個文章的概念無法獲得。要提醒考生的是，近年考試中針對整個文章提問的題量有所增加。所以，這種不看文章直接做題的方法是極其危險的。

有些考生則喜歡把文章一字不漏地細讀托福閱讀文章之后再做題。這種方法僅適合于兩種情況，其一，考生已具備相當?shù)拈喿x水平，長期以來運用這種方法效果甚佳;其二，某一篇具體的文章是考生所熟悉的內(nèi)容，細讀文章并不會花太多的時間。一般來說，大部分考生采用細讀文章方法，做題時間嚴重不足?？忌粦撏?，閱讀理解測試速度和理解兩個方面。

在托福閱讀備考中，許多考生認為做不對題與自己的詞匯量有關，認識單詞能做對，不認識單詞就會做錯。事實上，那些認識的單詞經(jīng)常做錯，不認識的單詞反而能做對。原因是，做不認識單詞時，考生會仔細研讀詞匯題的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。

而做認識單詞時，忽略上下文的重要性，往往是裝模作樣的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉擇。所以，做好詞匯題關鍵在于透徹分析上下文——詞匯題的句子以及上下一句話，有時候，個別詞匯題也許需要在新托福閱讀文章其他段落尋找線索。

淺談托福閱讀答案選項的設置

涉及題型(三)：

句子簡化題 sentence simplification，

細節(jié)題 factual information，

排除題 negative factual information

1. 正確答案選項的設置

丨A.原文信息的同義改寫:

1 同義詞替換

2 正話反說/反話正說(例題1.D)

例題1：(摘錄于TPO8R2，Extinction of the Dinosaurs)

...Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that theLate Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.

1.According to paragraph 1,which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?

A.Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.

B.Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.

C.The climate was very similarto today’s climate.

D.The climate did not change dramatically from season to season.

解析：文章說氣候比較溫和，答案選項反過來說氣候改變不大。

3 句型改變(例題2.C)

例題2：(摘錄于官方指南116頁，Swimming Machines)

A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C (45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C (77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes.The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special"heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

10. Which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

A.Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

B.Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

C.They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

D.They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

解析：文章說在7度水中保持體溫超過25度，答案選項改寫成可以在比身體更冷的水中游泳。

丨B.原文信息的抽象擴大(例題3. B)

例題3：(摘錄于官方指南103頁，Artisans and Industrialization)

Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior.

A.Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.

B.The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.

C.Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.

D.Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.

解析：文章說徒弟被認為是家庭的一份子，師傅的責任不僅有教手藝還有提供教育和道德監(jiān)管。答案選項說師傅的責任不僅僅是教手藝，雖然沒有直接提到其他的責任，但是在邏輯重心上和原文屬于抽象的吻合。

2.錯誤答案選項的設置

丨A. 與原文不相關的內(nèi)容：

1 文章沒出現(xiàn)的信息(例題3. C/D)

C.Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.

D.Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.

解析：文章沒提到family member這一概念。

2 出現(xiàn)文章沒提到的多余關系

文章說a導致b，并且c導致d;答案提到了a導致的b和c導致的d有關系。

丨B. 與原文矛盾的內(nèi)容：

1 顯形邏輯聯(lián)系詞:

1.1答案選項的邏輯重心與原文不匹配(although a,b不等于b,but a)

1.2答案選項與原文邏輯相悖(例題3. A)

A.Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.

解析：文章的確出現(xiàn)了but一詞，但是屬于not only...but also的部分內(nèi)容，因此本身不具有轉折關系，選項A出現(xiàn)了與原文并列遞進相悖的邏輯關系。

2 動詞變化(例題1.B/例題2.B)

The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.

B.Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.

解析：文章出現(xiàn)的buffer這一詞，同學如果不認識，只看到shallow sea和temperature有關聯(lián)，而B選項也有關系，造成誤選。buffer意思為緩沖，即使不認識，也可以根據(jù) keeping it relatively constant 伴隨做結果狀語理解肯定不是B選項的改變巨大。

3 指代關系(例題2.D)

The billfishes have gone one step further.They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these criticalorgans.

D.They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

解析：題干問bluefin tuna 因此答案選項D的指代詞they指代金槍魚，而文章內(nèi)部的確出現(xiàn)答案選項D的大致對應，只不過文章內(nèi)部they是之前的billfishes.

4 反義詞和否定含義詞(例題1.A)

The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid.

A.Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.

解析：文章和答案內(nèi)容用否定含義的詞語相反。

丨C. 觀點不匹配：比較級/最高極/絕對詞(例題2.A)

A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C (45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over3 25°C (77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes.

A.Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

解析：文章沒有出現(xiàn)和其余魚類的比較對比。

注意：比較極/最高極/絕對詞大部分情況錯誤，如果正確，原文必須有相關信息

例題4：(摘錄于TPO3R2，The Depletion of the Ogalalla Aquifer)

Paragraph 1：The vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880’s. This region has asemiarid climate, and for 50 years after its settlement, it supported alow-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater).This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians,who once inhabited the region.

1.According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements about the High Plains is true?

A. Until farmers and ranchers settled there in the 1880’s, the High Plains had never been inhabited.

B. The climate of the High Plains is characterized by higher-than-average temperatures.

C. The large aquifer that lies underneath the High Plains was discovered by the Ogallala Sioux Indians.

D. Before the early 1900’sthere was only a small amount of farming and ranching in the High Plains.

解析：這里雖然有only一詞，但是其含義和原文的a low-intensity agriculture economy 低產(chǎn)量的農(nóng)業(yè)不矛盾，故正確。

托福閱讀真題

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately, There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment.

In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.

By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.

1. Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Laws governing the printing industry.

(B) Competition among printers

(D) Advances in printing technology

2. According to the passage , why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects?

(A) Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major

projects.

(B) There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.

(D) Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects.

3. Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they

(A) required a small financial investment and sold quickly

(B) were in great demand in European markets