托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，觀點(diǎn)千萬(wàn)不要“一邊倒”
寫(xiě)好托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作需要掌握一定的技巧，托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，觀點(diǎn)千萬(wàn)不要“一邊倒”是怎么一回事呢?想知道的話來(lái)看看這篇文章吧!
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，觀點(diǎn)千萬(wàn)不要“一邊倒”
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中，ETS 一般都會(huì)問(wèn)“Do you agree or disagree with thefollowing statement A”。一般來(lái)說(shuō)， 明確的觀點(diǎn)可能就是“我同意A”或者“我反對(duì)A”。而當(dāng)寫(xiě)同意A 的文章時(shí)，肯定就要極力呈現(xiàn)A 的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn);反之，當(dāng)對(duì)A 持堅(jiān)決反對(duì)的態(tài)度時(shí)，則會(huì)瘋狂地列舉出A 的種.種缺點(diǎn)。雖然這兩種寫(xiě)法都符合“中心論點(diǎn)明確”這個(gè)原則，卻都過(guò)于極端，屬于“一邊倒”的情形。
事實(shí)上，生活中的事物都是較為復(fù)雜的。有些事物具有兩面性，優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)并存，如科技可以提高人類的生活質(zhì)量，但也會(huì)帶來(lái)環(huán)境問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而降低人類的生活質(zhì)量。而有些事物本身是中性的，只代表客觀情況，它們給人帶來(lái)的或好或壞的影響完全取決于其他外部條件，如“電視給社會(huì)帶來(lái)正面還是負(fù)面影響”這一話題。要知道，電視本身是沒(méi)有意識(shí)的，它不會(huì)主動(dòng)地影響人們以至于社會(huì)，實(shí)際上在影響大眾的是通過(guò)電視傳播信息或內(nèi)容的人。
啟德考培產(chǎn)品中心總經(jīng)理、啟德國(guó)際教育規(guī)劃院院長(zhǎng)劉文勇說(shuō)，“對(duì)于前者——具有兩面性的事物，我們可以有所側(cè)重地論述其中的一面，但是也要注意文章觀點(diǎn)的完整性，不能為了重點(diǎn)突出它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而完全忽略它的缺點(diǎn)，或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)它的缺點(diǎn)而從頭到尾對(duì)它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)只字不提，這種做法是不理智的?！?/p>
“而對(duì)于中性的事物，我們亦不可摒棄‘具體情況，具體分析’的原則，如果忽視其他影響因素和外部條件而簡(jiǎn)單地將其歸類到或好或壞的行列都是不合適的。事實(shí)上，寫(xiě)文章要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，而某物一定好或一定壞的片面文章顯然是不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)??！?/p>
如何才能同時(shí)做到“觀點(diǎn)明確”且“嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)不極端”?劉文勇推薦“讓步寫(xiě)法”和“居中寫(xiě)法”兩種寫(xiě)作方式。
“一般情況下，當(dāng)想要論述一個(gè)事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)大于其自身的缺點(diǎn)(或反之，缺點(diǎn)大于優(yōu)點(diǎn))時(shí)，或者當(dāng)想要描述一個(gè)事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)/ 缺點(diǎn)大于另外一個(gè)事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)/ 缺點(diǎn)(兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較)時(shí)，建議大家最好采用‘讓步寫(xiě)法’。‘讓步寫(xiě)法’涉及兩個(gè)事物的比較時(shí)，其中一個(gè)事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)往往會(huì)是另一個(gè)事物的缺點(diǎn)，反之亦然，所以二者是此消彼長(zhǎng)、緊密聯(lián)系的?！?/p>
“參加諸如SAT 和GRE 等注重思辨性思維(criticalthinking)的考試時(shí)，盡可能多地采用這種‘明確但不極端’的觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)椤鞔_’只是意味著觀點(diǎn)本身清楚，而未必是必須倒向其中的某一方，居中型的觀點(diǎn)同樣能表明堅(jiān)定的立場(chǎng)。而且，居中型的觀點(diǎn)更容易體現(xiàn)作者能客觀地看待事物?！爱?dāng)我們闡述一個(gè)居中型觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，顯然參與論述的信息就更多了——討論對(duì)象的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)全部囊括。如此，必然要從辯證的角度來(lái)分析信息。當(dāng)我們嘗試從辯證的角度去寫(xiě)文章的時(shí)候，文章無(wú)疑也就顯得更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)了。”
具體來(lái)講，什么時(shí)候推薦采用“居中寫(xiě)法”呢?劉文勇建議可以分成兩種情況?！扒闆r一：兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，無(wú)法簡(jiǎn)單地判定哪個(gè)更好或哪個(gè)更差時(shí)，可采用‘居中寫(xiě)法’。
情況二：一個(gè)事物如果優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)各占一半，沒(méi)有明顯的好，也沒(méi)有明顯的壞時(shí)，我們也提倡用‘居中寫(xiě)法’?！?/p>
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作范文：旅行交通工具
You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64 kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give specific reasons for your choice.
There are many different types of transportation which I could use to travel 40 miles from my home. The type of transportation I would choose depends mainly on how fast I need to get there and how much money I have. Some possibilities are walking, horseback riding, driving, or using a taxi, bus, or train.
The most economical choice is walking. It costs nothing, is healthful, but it is time consuming. The average person can walk about 4-5 miles per hour, so this trip would take at least 10 hours to complete. That means I would probably have to spend the night somewhere along the way. If I have to spend money for a hotel, then this choice really isn't free. Plus, I might arrive at the end tired and with sore feet! After walking comes animal transportation. In my area, horses are not common, so it wouldn't be a likely choice. I believe that a 40-mile trip would take 2 or 3 hours on a horse. If I had free access to a horse, the cost would be minimal. Of course, I'd have to know how to ride!
With a car, the travel time is minimal (under one hour), with only the cost of gasoline to consider. However, I don't own a car, and car rentals are expensive. Shared taxis are one form of affordable transportation, with 4 or 5 people sharing the cost of a car trip to a common destination. The only downside is finding people to share the fare with me. Fortunately, I live in an urban area, where there are buses and 'trains to ride. One of these would be my first choice.
In short the kind of transportation depends on how fast I need to get to my destination and how much money I have. If I need to get there fast, and money isn't important, I can hire a private taxi.Since I don't own my own car, I don't have that option, and I have never walked 40 miles in one trip. I usually depend on the bus and trains, and would do so in this circumstance. They are cheap, dependable and reliable.
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作范文：高等教育提供人群劃分
Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, some people hold the opinion that a college education should be available to all students; meanwhile others consider the idea that higher education should be available only to good students in somehow more preferable.
As far as I am concerned, I have to declare myself as one of these who agree that higher education should be offered to all the students. Among countless factors which influence my choice, there are three conspicuous aspects listed as follows.
The first and foremost cause for my propensity is that all students should have the same opportunity to attain a further chance of studying. Born equally as all of us, it is impartial that we all can approach a better education. From the view of equity, it will be unfair that some students get the best possible education while others are denied from a college education.
Another reason why I cast my preference for the point that higher education should open to all students is that our high-education should serve the function of educating the whole country, not merely for a minority of its people.
Beyond these obvious aspects, there is a further subtle point which we must take into our account. It would not be too kindly disposed to the bare idea that allowing barely fantastic students to enter universities, because it is economical for part of people to be better educated with limited resources of all kinds. Nonetheless, pound for pound, I reckon that the consideration that higher education should be accessible to all students is awfully advantageous.
To sum up, a higher education is never absolutely just a dream of the students without a terrific mark. It is a dilemma forthe public to choose from the two object opinions because they are from time to time confused by the seemingly good qualities of the thinking that higher education is available merely to good students but neglect the genuinely good qualities of the true one. From the factors presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that a further education should be rendered more widely and openly.
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托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，觀點(diǎn)千萬(wàn)不要“一邊倒”
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