雅思閱讀考試題型形式分析
在雅思閱讀考試?yán)锩嬗泻芏嗟念}型，想要在閱讀部分獲取高分必須要事先掌握好這些題型的特點(diǎn)。下面給大家介紹一下雅思閱讀考試題型都有的三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
雅思閱讀考試題型形式分析
1、語(yǔ)言模式
段落
英美報(bào)刊的文章不管它是新聞還是特寫之類的，它的段落短小就是它的一大特點(diǎn)，一個(gè)段落往往就是只有那么一句話或兩句話。一般來(lái)講，英美報(bào)刊段落大概都是由60個(gè)單詞組成的，平均差不多會(huì)在4行左右。據(jù)說(shuō)，這是專家經(jīng)過(guò)了科學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)后總結(jié)出來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，專家認(rèn)為這是最適合讀者的一個(gè)段落長(zhǎng)度。
大多數(shù)的雅思閱讀文章的段落長(zhǎng)度也都是在這個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)。但是由于那些雜志期刊也是考試命題的重要來(lái)源，所以在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中長(zhǎng)度很大的段落也是屢見(jiàn)不鮮的。
簡(jiǎn)明
報(bào)紙的編輯出版往往是受時(shí)間限制的，并且一切都是在時(shí)間的壓力下去完成的。因此報(bào)紙一般都比較推崇簡(jiǎn)明的風(fēng)格。
2、時(shí)效性
雅思閱讀文章全部都是選自一些英美主流報(bào)刊雜志。所以一版考生在考試的時(shí)候會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到一些時(shí)髦話題的文章，像BSE(瘋牛病)、911事件、或者是安然公司破產(chǎn)案這樣的內(nèi)容在考試中都出現(xiàn)過(guò)。所以大家平時(shí)最好是能夠經(jīng)常去關(guān)心這些時(shí)事，積累一些比較必要的背景知識(shí)，這對(duì)于考試而言真的是大有裨益的。
3、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
大多數(shù)的雅思閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)往往就是人們常說(shuō)的“倒金字塔”形式。這是指在一篇文章中那些重要的信息都放在開(kāi)頭部分，尤其是開(kāi)頭的前三段。也就是說(shuō)，一篇文章的主題一般都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在前三段。一般我們可以把這樣的段落稱為導(dǎo)語(yǔ)段。文章一般都是把新聞所涉及的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及過(guò)程和結(jié)果都交待出來(lái)。讀者讀完了導(dǎo)語(yǔ)段之后也就知道了新聞的關(guān)鍵信息。
那么在接下來(lái)就是逐步向讀者交待事件發(fā)生的起因、過(guò)程、影響等信息。這是文章的主要部分，但是各種信息其實(shí)并不是平鋪直敘的，而是按照它們的重要性而先后出現(xiàn)來(lái)的。與事件直接相關(guān)的信息往往被認(rèn)為是最重要的，因此位置靠前，然后才是一些比較次要的信息。
在這一部分，閱讀文章其實(shí)還可以交待消息的來(lái)源，并且時(shí)常引用一些記者在采訪中得到的有關(guān)人士的話，以證明消息的可靠。新聞往往還可以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明一些背景材料，有時(shí)文章不惜還會(huì)重復(fù)一些內(nèi)容。
雅思閱讀材料大集合：拿奧運(yùn)獎(jiǎng)牌還要繳稅?
參加倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的美國(guó)選手獲得獎(jiǎng)牌后盡享風(fēng)光的同時(shí)，美國(guó)國(guó)稅局已經(jīng)盯上他們了。獲得獎(jiǎng)牌的選手所交稅額是綜合獎(jiǎng)牌本身市值和獲得的獎(jiǎng)金總數(shù)后計(jì)算得出的，稅率為35%。獲得金、銀、銅牌的美國(guó)選手獲得的獎(jiǎng)金分別為2.5萬(wàn)、1.5萬(wàn)和1萬(wàn)美元，而金、銀、銅牌的市值為675、385和5美元，由此他們要交的稅分別為8986、5385和3500美元。佛羅里達(dá)州一位參議員聽(tīng)聞這一報(bào)道后專門上交提案，建議對(duì)這些得獎(jiǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員免于征稅。他表示，美國(guó)的稅法很復(fù)雜，而且經(jīng)常被用來(lái)當(dāng)作懲罰成功人士的工具。
When Olympic medalists return to the United States, they're in high demand. Everyone, from Michael Phelps to a bronze medalist in judo will be sitting for television interviews, talking to newspapers, going to assemblies at local schools and celebrating with friends, family and young athletes. They'll also draw some unwanted interest from everyone's favorite bureaucrats: the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
American medalists face a top income tax rate of 35 percent. Under U.S. tax law, they must add the value of their Olympic medals and prizes to their taxable income. It is therefore easy to calculate the tax bite on Olympic glory.
At today’s commodity prices, the value of a gold medal is about $675. A silver medal is worth about $385 while a bronze medal is worth under $5.
There are also prizes that accompany each medal: $25,000 for gold, $15,000 for silver, and $10,000 for bronze.
The Weekly Standard, a conservative news magazine, ran the numbers and tabulated that the tax bill on a gold is $8,986, silver is $5,385 and bronze is $3,500.
They note that Missy Franklin, an amateur who has yet to cash in on her fame with endorsements, already owes $14,000 in taxes from her gold and silver medal. By the time the Games are finished, Franklin's tax bill could reach $30,000.
Florida senator Marco Rubio reacted to the story on Wednesday, proposing a bill that would leave athletes exempt from the federal tax. "Our tax code is a complicated and burdensome mess that too often punishes success, and the tax imposed on Olympic medal winners is a classic example of this madness," he told reporters.
雅思閱讀材料大集合：美公務(wù)員上班看奧運(yùn)被叫停
L.A.'s chief technology officer sends email imploring city workers to stop watching the Olympics online, fearing it could trigger a massive computer crash.
Olympics coverage is certainly winning gold medals at L.A. City Hall, where so many employees are watching online that the city's chief technology officer begged them to stop for fear of a municipal computer meltdown.
"We are experiencing a high volume of traffic due to people watching the Olympics online. I respectfully request that you discontinue this as it is impacting city operations," city tech guru Randi Levin wrote in an email sent to thousands of workers Tuesday morning.
The email came on a day when the US women's gymnastics team was competing, as well as the women's soccer team.
Some council members expressed alarm at the prospect that city employees were watching the Olympics instead of doing their jobs.
"City employees aren't paid to watch the Olympics on their computers or TV. That is not what the taxpayers are paying them to do," said Councilman Dennis Zine, who saw the email. "The question is where are the supervisors when this is going on?"
Councilwoman Jan Perry said she's outraged and wants the city to block Olympic streaming from City Hall computers.
Mark Wolf, executive officer for information technology for the city, said he had not discussed the email with Levin but said any time employees watch streaming material, it takes up a tremendous amount of bandwidth. NBC is streaming the games live online, which taxes highly valuable bandwidth.
Asked about the city's struggling computer systems, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa's press office referred calls to Levin, who did not return calls seeking comment.
洛杉磯首席技術(shù)官給該市的公務(wù)員們發(fā)郵件，請(qǐng)求他們不要在上班期間在線觀看奧運(yùn)比賽，擔(dān)心這會(huì)引發(fā)大規(guī)模電腦死機(jī)。
奧運(yùn)報(bào)道的收視率顯然正在洛杉磯市政廳拿著，在這里眾多職員們都在網(wǎng)上觀看比賽，而該市的首席技術(shù)官卻懇求他們不要再在線看比賽，害怕會(huì)造成市政廳計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)癱瘓。
該市技術(shù)專家蘭迪?萊文在他周二上午給數(shù)千公務(wù)員發(fā)出的郵件中寫道：“由于大量工作人員在線觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)，我們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量非常大。我懇求你們停止這一行為，因?yàn)檫@影響到市政運(yùn)作?！?/p>
郵件發(fā)出的當(dāng)天，美國(guó)女子體操隊(duì)和女子足球隊(duì)都要參加比賽。
一些市議員對(duì)市公務(wù)員工作期間看比賽而非從事本職工作的情況表示擔(dān)憂。
市議員丹尼斯?金看到郵件后說(shuō)：“納稅人繳稅可不是為了讓公務(wù)員在電腦或電視上看奧運(yùn)會(huì)的。問(wèn)題在于，這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，監(jiān)督者在哪里?！?/p>
市議員簡(jiǎn)?佩里說(shuō)，她對(duì)此感到非常憤怒，希望政府?dāng)r截市政廳計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的奧運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。
洛杉磯市信息技術(shù)首席執(zhí)行官馬克?沃爾夫表示他并沒(méi)有就該郵件與萊文討論過(guò)，但是他指出，職員只要觀看流媒體音頻和視頻就會(huì)占用大量的帶寬。美國(guó)全國(guó)廣播公司在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上直播奧運(yùn)比賽，占用了寶貴的寬帶帶寬。
被問(wèn)到該市幾近癱瘓的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，安東尼奧?維拉戈沙市長(zhǎng)的新聞辦公室讓記者把采訪電話打給萊文。當(dāng)記者致電萊文請(qǐng)他做出評(píng)論后，萊文也沒(méi)有回電。
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