托福寫(xiě)作_獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作“三選一”類(lèi)型題目，到底怎么寫(xiě)?
托福寫(xiě)作中，三選一類(lèi)型的題目頻繁出現(xiàn)，讓很多同學(xué)不知所措。今天，我們就來(lái)看一下，這種類(lèi)型的題目在寫(xiě)作中，都有哪些常見(jiàn)的誤區(qū)，和應(yīng)該如何破題。
托福寫(xiě)作|獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作“三選一”類(lèi)型題目，到底怎么寫(xiě)?
我們以這道三選一的題目為例，進(jìn)行分析：
Which do you think is the most important factor that affects the lasting time of a friendship?
1. helping each other in crisis
2. having similar interests
3. trusting each other completely
你認(rèn)為哪個(gè)是影響友誼長(zhǎng)久的最重要因素?
1. 在危機(jī)中互相幫助
3. 完全信任彼此
我們來(lái)看一位同學(xué)如何展開(kāi)這篇作文的：
他選擇的是“2. 有共同興趣”
理由1：有共同興趣，可以經(jīng)常在一起做喜歡的事
理由2: 有共同興趣，可以互相理解
乍一看，是不是覺(jué)得挺對(duì)很有道理呀?這樣寫(xiě)，對(duì)于目標(biāo)22以上的學(xué)生，其實(shí)是沒(méi)太大問(wèn)題的，但是如果你期望自己寫(xiě)作至少26分以上，獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作拿到good，那就有問(wèn)題了!
大家觀察一下，這樣的題目，除了明顯的從三擇一這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，還有什么特征呢?
注意，此題中有 “most important” 這樣一個(gè)絕對(duì)詞，而類(lèi)似的題目中，也都有best, most useful 等等的關(guān)鍵詞。所謂most，best，學(xué)過(guò)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)的同學(xué)都知道，這是形容詞最高級(jí)，最高也就意味著有得有比較。
也就是說(shuō)，我選了2，還得提1和3，對(duì)嗎?
對(duì)!!!
好，接下來(lái)，不少同學(xué)又犯難了。我覺(jué)得3個(gè)選項(xiàng)都挺好的，我找不出2同時(shí)比1和3都好的兩個(gè)理由呀?
這個(gè)時(shí)候怎么辦呢?的確，很多時(shí)候，我們很難找到2-3個(gè)理由來(lái)說(shuō)明我們所選擇的同時(shí)要優(yōu)于其他兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。但是退而求其次，我們可以理由段展開(kāi)時(shí)，先寫(xiě)“2比1重要”寫(xiě)一段，再寫(xiě)“2比3重要”再來(lái)一段，這樣就可以既符合題目要求，又降低寫(xiě)作的難度啦。
比如，再這個(gè)題目中，我們可以寫(xiě)：
1. 有共同興趣比在危機(jī)中互相幫助重要。因?yàn)槿绻泄餐d趣，可以經(jīng)常在一起;而危機(jī)可能很少會(huì)碰到，即使危機(jī)中互相幫助過(guò)，時(shí)間久了也就慢慢淡忘了。
2. 有共同興趣比完全信任彼此重要。有共同興趣，才能有共同語(yǔ)言，互相理解;如果只是完全信任，但卻話不投機(jī)，最終并不能長(zhǎng)久。
哈哈，不知這樣講解之后?大家的思路是不是打開(kāi)了一些呢?下面附上近期的三選一寫(xiě)作題目，供大家多多練習(xí)，打開(kāi)思路!
10.28
Which is the most important thing for a country's leader to assure the prosperity of the country:
1. Creating more jobs for unemployed workers
2. Enhancing agriculture and lowering the food prices
3. Increasing access to affordable housing
10.27
Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends:
1. joining a sports team
2. participating in community activities
3. travelling
9.16
People nowadays are busier than ever in work and school. They want to spend more time to learn new things. Which one will you choose to learn?
1. Learn a new sport that you have never played before
2. Learn to cook food that you haven’t prepared before
3. Learn to make something by hand, like clothing or jewelry
3.31
People in communities can make decisions that protect and improve the natural environment. Which ONE of the following three actions is MOST useful for people to do if they want to help the environment in their local community? Why?
1. Planting trees and create parks
2. Persuading local shops to stop providing plastic bags to customers
3. Increasing access to public transportation (for example, buses or trains) to reduce the number of automobiles on local roads
3.10
Which one is the most important factor to help you work productively?
1. Having an environment which is free of noise and distractions.
2. Knowing that you will receive a reward.
3. Doing something you are interested in.
1.27
Which one of the reason is most important in helping students to study in colleges and universities?
1. Having access to the university tutors who can provide individual instructions for the students who have difficulty in study.
2. Having the help and encouragement from the family and friends.
3. Having excellent teachers in high-school who can help the students before the university.
怎樣才讓你的托福寫(xiě)作更出彩
因此在論證完整充分的情況下如何使我們的托福寫(xiě)作作文中體現(xiàn)多樣性成了托福寫(xiě)作獲得高分的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵。
在托福的教學(xué)中，常常會(huì)聽(tīng)到學(xué)生抱怨不知該如何寫(xiě)好一篇作文。過(guò)去半年，托福的大作文話題相對(duì)集中，一些考生在考試時(shí)信心十足，認(rèn)為自己字?jǐn)?shù)足夠、思路清晰、論據(jù)完整充分，應(yīng)該能拿到高分。但成績(jī)一出來(lái)，卻不盡如人意，沒(méi)有預(yù)期中好。于是他們產(chǎn)生了疑問(wèn)，到底怎么樣才能讓考官給高分?經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所提的要求的分析后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)自己的不足是在多樣性上。眾所周知，托福寫(xiě)作的四個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中Grammatical Ranges and Accuracy, Lexical Resources充分體現(xiàn)了托福寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)也是加分點(diǎn)為詞匯和語(yǔ)法的多樣性。本文將對(duì)此進(jìn)行討論并提出關(guān)于如何做到托福寫(xiě)作多樣性的一些建議。
1. 詞匯語(yǔ)法多樣性的體現(xiàn)
1). 詞性的多樣性。
有調(diào)查指出，中國(guó)學(xué)生在作文中最常出現(xiàn)的詞性為動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)槲覀兡X中時(shí)刻緊記著以前語(yǔ)文老師要求的只有用動(dòng)詞才能寫(xiě)出生動(dòng)的文章，才能體現(xiàn)我們的博覽群書(shū)。然而英語(yǔ)(論壇)中卻不盡然。通過(guò)對(duì)大多高分范文的分析，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了動(dòng)詞詞組的運(yùn)用，各種的名詞的使用更得考官的青睞，更能體現(xiàn)外國(guó)人的文風(fēng)。拿小作文的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)做例子，大家都知道增加、降低等動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)，如increase steadily, decrease sharply等，但轉(zhuǎn)換一種方式用名詞的形式表達(dá)，就更顯得多樣了,如experience a steady increase, undergo a sharp decrease。而如"surface"一詞，學(xué)生經(jīng)常只會(huì)用它的名詞用法“......的表面”，卻從來(lái)不用它的動(dòng)詞形式。如果你留心原版雜志和閱讀材料,它的動(dòng)詞用法無(wú)處不在。例如"The fact of his plan surfaced"這里的"surface"就相當(dāng)于 "appear"。所以不管什么詞性，只要用了不能的表達(dá)方法，其結(jié)果都是不同的。當(dāng)然是指正確的表達(dá)方法。
2). 同義詞多樣性。
在寫(xiě)作中，如果一個(gè)相同的詞在250字的文中出現(xiàn)了不下三次，那么作為學(xué)生自己，也會(huì)覺(jué)得自己的文章沒(méi)有可看性，更別提考官，可見(jiàn)此學(xué)生語(yǔ)言功底一般，又怎么拿得到高分。而如果一篇文章，關(guān)于同個(gè)詞卻有三四中表達(dá)方法，無(wú)疑給這篇文章加分不少。其實(shí)同義詞也是展現(xiàn)一個(gè)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)媒介。中國(guó)學(xué)生最常用的形容詞就是good, 不管是修飾什么名詞，用上再說(shuō)，殊不知這已經(jīng)給這篇文章打了個(gè)相對(duì)低的起評(píng)分，所以如何來(lái)表達(dá)不同的“好”呢?我們就可以用excellent, marvellous, gorgeous, splendid, wonderful等。再如不要一想到“越來(lái)越多”就用 “more and more” 嘗試用 “an increasing number” 這樣不同的詞來(lái)表達(dá)，勢(shì)必會(huì)給平淡的文章增添亮點(diǎn)。
3). 句式結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性
用豐富多彩的句型，也是托福寫(xiě)作能得高分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。例如有這樣一個(gè)句型："If we don't recognize the..."我們是否可以替換為："Failure to recognize..."，再如 “sth. happened in 1998.” 我們也可以替換為 “1998 saw sth happening.” 這樣顯得更加的地道。此處還推薦學(xué)生能用不同的從句寫(xiě)出漂亮的句子，為文章加分。當(dāng)然，這并不是意味著整篇文章都是復(fù)合句或并列句，如果能很好的做到長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，使文章通順連貫，也是能得到考官喜歡的。
2. 幾點(diǎn)建議
在簡(jiǎn)單介紹了詞匯語(yǔ)法多樣性的體現(xiàn)后，我將提出幾點(diǎn)建議，促進(jìn)考生在備考中做好準(zhǔn)備。
1). 做好詞匯短語(yǔ)的積累工作。很多考生有這樣一個(gè)誤區(qū)，他們認(rèn)為只要背了某些參考書(shū)上所謂的模板，再積累些論據(jù)，寫(xiě)作的問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了，殊不知，卻得到了本文開(kāi)始的結(jié)果。當(dāng)然這里的積累并非死記硬背，而是通過(guò)將一個(gè)單詞的不同形式，以及其同義表達(dá)等放在一起記憶就事半功倍。若遇到一個(gè)新詞，就要在腦中搜尋它的相關(guān)信息，這樣一來(lái)，就能在考試這么短的時(shí)間中馬上浮現(xiàn)了。但是一次的記憶是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，所以適時(shí)的重復(fù)記憶也非常重要。
2). 多看高分范文，并對(duì)其中的詞匯句型多樣性進(jìn)行總結(jié)?？忌趥淇歼^(guò)程中看范文時(shí)往往只是從整體上學(xué)習(xí)了其論據(jù)的安排，而忽略了細(xì)節(jié)的詞匯句型的運(yùn)用，所以教師在上課時(shí)也要合理安排時(shí)間，將一部分用在對(duì)其的講解上。學(xué)生最好準(zhǔn)備一本筆記本專(zhuān)門(mén)用做記錄好詞好句和其轉(zhuǎn)換形式。
3). 加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。經(jīng)常有學(xué)生問(wèn)，作文提高是不是只要多寫(xiě)幾篇就可以了，其實(shí)答案是否定的。我這里所指的加強(qiáng)練習(xí)是在一定的基礎(chǔ)之上的，即學(xué)生已經(jīng)基本掌握了托福寫(xiě)作的各項(xiàng)要求。那么這樣練習(xí)才能有的放矢。通過(guò)幾次的練習(xí)，能檢查出學(xué)生多樣性的掌握情況，并對(duì)癥下藥，了解不足處，在真正考試中能突圍而出。
托福寫(xiě)作向來(lái)是托福考試四項(xiàng)中最難的，最能體現(xiàn)考生語(yǔ)言功底的，而詞匯與句型的多樣性正是它具體的體現(xiàn)。寫(xiě)作和閱讀戚戚相關(guān)，也建議學(xué)生能多閱讀外文雜志報(bào)紙，原著等，在閱讀時(shí)，要注意外國(guó)人是如何遣詞造句的，尤其是詞性用法的多樣性。希望教師和考生們共同努力，將寫(xiě)作水平拉上一個(gè)檔次。
托福寫(xiě)作必知的一般規(guī)則及常識(shí)
1.直接引語(yǔ)中，句首字母要大寫(xiě)。例如：“Then，”I said，“You havebeen making a mistake，and the letter is not in the apartment.”“那么，”我說(shuō)，“你準(zhǔn)弄錯(cuò)了。這封信并不在那棟房子里?！?/p>
2.星期、月份名稱(chēng)的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)，但季節(jié)第一個(gè)字母不大寫(xiě)。例如：Sunday星期天，August八月，winter冬天，spring春天。
3.一些大型節(jié)日名稱(chēng)的第一個(gè)實(shí)詞的第一字母都要大寫(xiě)。如：Children‘s Day兒童節(jié)，National Day國(guó)慶節(jié)， Teachers’ Day教師節(jié)。
4.由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞詞組，除其中的冠詞、較短的介詞和連詞外，每個(gè)詞的第一字母都要大寫(xiě)。例如：the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城，the UnitedStates美國(guó)。
5.大型會(huì)議、文件、條約名稱(chēng)的每個(gè)實(shí)詞(虛詞：副詞、介詞、連詞、助詞、嘆詞和擬聲詞則不用大寫(xiě))的第一個(gè)字母都要大寫(xiě)。書(shū)名、報(bào)刊名應(yīng)大寫(xiě)首字母，文章標(biāo)題中的每一個(gè)實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。
如：China Daily《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》，New York Times《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》，Their Class《他們的班級(jí)》(文章標(biāo)題)，the Warsaw Treaty《華沙條約》， 實(shí)例：English Coaching Paper《英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)報(bào)》。
6.詩(shī)歌的每一行的第一個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。
7. 表示稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)或職務(wù)的詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。實(shí)例：Mr Green格林先生， Dr Li李博士
托福寫(xiě)作范文：人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)東西是出于虛榮而非需求，是否認(rèn)同?
寫(xiě)作題目
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them. 人們買(mǎi)一些東西并不是出于需求，而是因?yàn)槠渌艘矒碛兴鼈儯欠裾J(rèn)同?
寫(xiě)作范文
In recent decades, international trades and improving living standards have largely contributed to the large scale of purchase of products. The reason behind this commercial behaviors either comes from individual’s needs for them or from envy of those who have already possessed them. From my perspective, the essential motive behind the scene would be for individual purposes.
Admittedly, people would sometimes buy the products because friends or classmates have them. it is not rare to see that after a high school studens has bought a newly-released iPad and bring it to the class, other friends would be at first gathering around him to witness how the product runs and then beg their parents to buy the one for them. For them, buying the newest generation iPad might bring them attention from others, which has nothing to do with the functionality of product. However, on balance, this only happens for within a small number of people, especially young students and women. For other consumers, they would be wise in choosing what they want. In this regard, more people are buying products out of their needs.
To begin with, for college students, they are inclined to buy what they really want. In other words, due to limited living expenses monthly, most of them could not buy whatever they want. According to the recent survey conducted on Sina Weibo, after polling 500 students in universities from Beijing, most of them claim that each month they have to manage their living expenses within 1500 yuan. Not only does this sum of money have to cover meal bills, clothing and fees for textbooks, but it also have to deal with emergencies. Under this circumstance, normally they have to make a plan for money use, and try to avoid buying things with little practical use. This explains why college students in Beijing rarely buy the newest generation of iPhone or pay for monthly travel, and they have to put the money either on textbooks or living necessities.
In addition, male adults are another group of consumers who make purchase based on real needs. For example, for those who decide to buy a car, the motive is mostly because the car could help family member to tackle emergencies or drive them to the suburb for a relaxing weekend. Also, for those who decide to equip with a new Macbook, the motive might have something to do with work requirement, which asks them to process the data faster and more accurately. Moreover, for those who deicide to spend money on applying for MBA in business school, the motive might be related to career development. A wider caree insight cultivated from MBA would give them a broader window of success in the work. Seeing from this, it is the utilitarian purpose that makes male adults buy real products.
To sum up, although it is normal to see some customers making impulsive purchase since, most of the rational customers would buy products out of their needs.
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托福寫(xiě)作_獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作“三選一”類(lèi)型題目，到底怎么寫(xiě)?
