托福寫作環(huán)境類的話題寫作思路
在托福寫作中，環(huán)境類話題主要涉及到的是環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟的選擇、環(huán)境污染的危害以及治理環(huán)境問題的方法等話題。今天小編就給大家介紹一下托福寫作環(huán)境類的話題寫作思路。
托福寫作環(huán)境類的話題寫作思路
思路拓展一：環(huán)境保護
?環(huán)境保護需要得到國家政策的支持;
?提高公民的環(huán)保意識，是環(huán)境保護的基礎;
?引入、開發(fā)新資源，替換污染能源。
例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use new able sources of energy (sun, wind, water) will soon replace fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal.
這道題目主要是關(guān)于“新能源代替就能源的趨勢“，選擇同意題目觀點?；卮疬@類問題的關(guān)鍵在于能源之間的區(qū)別，可以運用第三條思路。在環(huán)境方面的話，新能源是靠自然界的風、水、熱來積累能源，沒有污染;而傳統(tǒng)能源(煤、油、氣)都會在使用的時候排放有害物質(zhì)。
例2：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The environmental issue is too complex to be solved by the individuals.
這道題目是關(guān)于“個人無法解決復雜的環(huán)境問題“。這個題目最大的問題就是說的過于絕對，由此作為突破口，只要能夠找到一個理由，就可以充分反駁題目觀點。那么個人能夠做什么呢?這里就運用到第二個思路” 提高公民的環(huán)保意識，是環(huán)境保護的基礎“。個人可以宣傳環(huán)境保護，也要從自身做起，保護環(huán)境。
思路拓展二：節(jié)約
?節(jié)約資源，就能夠減少浪費，從而避免環(huán)境污染;
?資源耗費，就會帶動資源的再生產(chǎn)，帶來環(huán)境問題;
例題：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Is it more important to use land for human use such as farming, industry than to save for endangered animals.
這道題目是關(guān)于“工廠和農(nóng)業(yè)用地比瀕危動物用地更加重要“。這道題目一定是從反面來回答比較簡單，這樣就不會和”動物保護“產(chǎn)生矛盾。其實用語動物保護的土地實際上對于土地本身是有益的，而生產(chǎn)用地會造成土壤流失和污染，從而和”節(jié)約資源“聯(lián)系起來。
思路拓展三：健康
?環(huán)境污染帶來健康威脅(呼吸)
?環(huán)境問題直接造成人們的健康危害，直接危害人類的生存問題。
例題：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The government should give priority to improving healthcare than to solving environmental problems.
這道題目是關(guān)于“政府應該將醫(yī)療保健放在首位，而不是環(huán)境問題“，對于這道題目而言，兩個方面都是非常重要的，所以建議大家運用”折中“的寫作方式。不過，考生在論述環(huán)境問題的時候，可以結(jié)合環(huán)境問題對于健康的危害來說，從而例證環(huán)境保護的重要性。
托福寫作的思路問題可以這么解決
先來看道托福寫作題目：
Agree or disagree: technology has made our lives more complicated rather than simpler.
題干旨在讓考生們?nèi)ッ枋隹萍紝τ谖覀兩畹暮脡模]有個科技任何的描述。
再來看到雅思寫作題目：
We have been living in the nuclear age now for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet the technology has been put to positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine.
To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use?
題干旨在考察同學們對于核科技的好壞分析，但題干卻描述了核科技在現(xiàn)代生活中具體一個方面的作用，也就是政府能夠用來研制出核武器。
大家來看下這兩道題目的區(qū)別，同時考察同學們對于一個具有爭議性的觀點。托福寫作題目的出題角度會更加的抽象。而雅思寫作題目會給出一個細節(jié)的描述，這就可給各位考生們一個啟發(fā)去分析這個題干。
我想從托福寫作和雅思寫作題目的對比中來和各位同學們談談寫作中例子細節(jié)的展開。
回到一開始的那道獨立寫作題目：Agree or disagree: technology has made our lives more complicated rather than simpler.
題干讓我們?nèi)ッ枋隹萍际沟梦覀兊纳詈啙嵾€是復雜。我們也應該從生活中去切入，思考下我們現(xiàn)在生活中有哪些便利和不便是由科技所帶來的。
例如生活在北方的同學就能到想到霧霾，那我們在深究下霧霾所產(chǎn)生的原因和霧霾所帶來的后果。
現(xiàn)邏輯就就會很清晰了：
原因：工廠的污染物排放，大量汽車的尾氣排放等引起的。
結(jié)果：產(chǎn)生了霧霾
后果：出行戴口罩;容易患呼吸道疾病;能見度降低，交通事故率增加;肺癌死亡人數(shù)增加
這種邏輯思考方式，魔君在課上稱為：線性思考方式，也就是找一件事情發(fā)生的原因，以及分析這件事情所產(chǎn)生的后果。
對應線性的邏輯思考方式，能夠?qū)Ьn上常講的一例法論證。
當然還存在另外一思考方式，魔君在課上稱為：平行思考方式，也就是去分析你所想到的例子平行對等物，例如霧霾我們劃分到空氣污染的一個上級名詞，但包括在空氣污染里的下一級名詞還有哪些呢?有：全球變暖;臭氧層空洞導致的紫外線過多;酸性排放物過多導致的酸雨等。
對于平行的邏輯思考方式，能夠?qū)Ьn上常講的多例法論證。
這里就能夠解答很多同學問魔君的一個問題，我如何能像您一樣隨意的就能夠打出600+的文章呢。那么答案很明顯了，就是結(jié)合使用線性和平行兩種思考方式去展開自己的文章。
托福寫作解析:美國環(huán)保認證法
托福綜合寫作閱讀材料：
In an effort to encourage ecologicallysustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuingcertifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by onserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive thiscertification can attract customers by advertising their product as Ecocertified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologicallyfriendly practices in order to receive Eco certification. However, it is unlikelythat wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons.
為了能過促進林業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，有個國際組織開始著手給那些達到了環(huán)保和再生利用要求的木材公司頒發(fā)認證。獲得認證的公司可以在廣告商宣傳自己是環(huán)保的，進而吸引消費者。在全球范圍內(nèi)來看，為了能得到環(huán)保認證，很多木材公司已經(jīng)開始采用了環(huán)保策略。然而，就美國的公司來講不太會采取同樣的措施，原因如下。
First, American consumers are exposed to somuch advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the Ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or“improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims ingeneral.
首先，由于每天接受大量廣告的轟炸，美國消費者對于環(huán)保標簽并不是很在意。由于很多的普通產(chǎn)品都標榜“創(chuàng)新”或者“升級”，美國消費者對于廣告上生成的東西基本上不怎么信任。
Second, Eco certified wood will be moreexpensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn Eco certification, awood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification Agency.This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend tobe strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaperuncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer tokeep their prices low rather than obtain Eco certification.
第二，環(huán)保認證后的木材會比普通木材價格昂過，因為木材公司必須向認證機構(gòu)支付審核費用才能得到相關(guān)的認證。這份額外的支出將會轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費者，而美國的消費者對于價格非常敏感。因而，他們將傾向于選擇便宜的沒有認證的產(chǎn)品。因而，美國的木材公司還是會選擇低價格而非環(huán)保認證。
Third, although some people claim that italways makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with thedevelopments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing.Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only ifthey marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case –American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States,catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with themerchandise.
第三，盡管有人聲稱這樣可以使美國的公司保持敏銳的商業(yè)觸覺，跟上世界發(fā)展的腳步。但是，這樣的說法是站不住腳的。只有當美國的木材公司主要市場是針對海外的時候，追求環(huán)保認證才變得有意義。但事實卻并非如此。美國木材公司的產(chǎn)品主要在美國銷售，而滿足了主要消費者的需求就可以保證商業(yè)運行順暢。
托福綜合寫作閱讀部分需要提取的觀點是：
- Main point: 環(huán)保認證對于美國木材公司意義不大
- Sub point 1:美國消費者對于廣告上的環(huán)保認證并不信任
- Sub point 2:環(huán)保認證會提高產(chǎn)品價格，而美國的消費者對于價格敏感
- Sub point 3:這項認證只對海外市場有效，而美國木材公司的市場主要在國內(nèi)
托福寫作模板:公共交通
托福寫作模板及范文參考：
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways，or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses，trains，subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
托福寫作范文參考：
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways or on improving public transportations? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved. However， after carefully pondering it， I buttress the last one， spending the money on improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below：
There is no denying that improving the public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution given off by enormous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation， the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Every day breathing into the air filled with the flour of the gasoline， seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our life.
So the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people， to the governments， the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission. Another reason I agree with it is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of the traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams” exists， to the businessmen who believe in “Time is money”. Traffic jams not only cost the people time and expense， but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. I imagine how can a city whose avenue full of traffic jams develop its economics?
Finally， I want to say that improving the public transportation provide a great number of ways of transportation for most of the poor people who can not afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens is not made of only people who has the ability to own a car， but the very poor people are also included. I believe that however the technology is improved， the public apparatus should not be ignored， because it serves the people all over the city.
Nevertheless， the private transportation has its own advantages， for instance， it can save a lot of time in some cases， provide some convenience for people. But improving on roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based on the above discussion， I agree with the opinion that the government should spend money on improving public transportation not only it can protect environment and save time for people， but it also can create a convenient environment for all the citizens.
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