GRE閱讀考試的本質(zhì)到底是什么
GRE閱讀考試的本質(zhì)是什么?為了幫助大家備考,下面小編就給大家分享一下,希望對你們有所幫助!
GRE閱讀考試的本質(zhì)是什么?
其實GRE閱讀的本質(zhì)是邏輯+結(jié)構(gòu)+觀點+同義替換,大家先看看下面這篇文章,你就知道你和master的差距了。
同學們先按照自己的方法看吧!
Notable as important nineteenth-century novels by women, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights treat women very differently. Shelley produced a “masculine” text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes. Bronte produced a more realistic narrative, portraying a world where men battle for the favors of apparently high-spirited, independent women. Nevertheless, these two novels are alike in several crucial ways. Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaborate structures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambitions that seem to indicate metaphysical intentions, though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.
你是怎樣看的,或者說你自己的水平自己知道。來看看我們是怎么教你的吧。
首先,你得區(qū)別什么是主題,什么是細節(jié)。
剛才的文章應該是這樣看的!
Notable as important nineteenth-century novels by women, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights treat women very differently. Shelley produced a “masculine” text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes. Bronte produced a more realistic narrative, portraying a world where men battle for the favors of apparently high-spirited, independent women. Nevertheless, these two novels are alike in several crucial ways. Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaborate structures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambitions that seem to indicate metaphysical intentions, though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.
這篇文章的主題,我們已經(jīng)給你們加粗了。文章第一句說的是這兩本小說對待女性是如何的不同。關(guān)鍵詞是不同的。然后后面的2句是具體告訴你,它們分別是如何具體的不同。
這2句和前面的邏輯關(guān)系是:主題--細節(jié)的邏輯關(guān)系。
或者說是總分的關(guān)系,Nevertheless一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折,大家數(shù)同學也就僅僅知道是表示轉(zhuǎn)折,我們應該知道在文章里,它轉(zhuǎn)折的是前面哪一點?應該是轉(zhuǎn)折了differently一詞,所以轉(zhuǎn)折后面的內(nèi)容很快就出現(xiàn)了alike一詞!
那許多同學看完alike這一句,普遍的做法就是又來翻譯??墒俏覀儜撉宄?,alike后面的斜體部分是細節(jié),它們在具體闡述這兩本小說的具體的內(nèi)容。我們清楚到這里即可。
所以文章的關(guān)鍵詞就3個:
differently--nevertheless--alike
我們來試試做題
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to.
(A) defend a controversial interpretation of two novels
(B) explain the source of widely recognized responses to two novels
(C) delineate broad differences between two novels
(D) compare and contrast two novels
(E) criticize and evaluate two novels
這題你選什么?
2. According the passage, Frankenstein differs from Wuthering Heights in its
(A) use of multiple narrators
(B) method of disguising the author’s real purposes
(C) portrayal of men as determiners of the novel’s action
(D) creation of a realistic story
(E) controversial effect on readers
這題呢?不過你得思考一下,題目里得its代表什么?
3. Which of the following narrative strategies best exemplifies the “evidentiary narrative technique” mentioned in line 24?
(A) Telling a story in such a way that the author’s real intentions are discernible only through interpretations of allusions to a world outside that of the story
(B) Telling a story in such a way that the reader is aware as events unfold of the author’s underlying purposes and the ways these purposes conflict with the drama of the plot
(C) Telling a story in a way that both directs attention to the incongruities among the points of view of several characters and hints that the plot has a significance other than that suggested by its mere events
(D) Telling a story as a mystery in which the reader must deduce, from the conflicting evidence presented by several narrators, the moral and philosophical significance of character and event
(E) Telling a story from the author’s point of view in a way that implies both the author’s and the reader’s ironic distance from the dramatic unfolding of events
有同學會說最后一題好難哦。那么我們想說,同學,你有考過托福?如果有,應該知道托福閱讀里有一道題目叫句子簡化題。沒錯,這題其實一樣的,在閱讀里,一旦考到細節(jié)的部分就只能是同義替換,也就是類似于句子簡化題。你看C選項和最后一句基本完全一個意思啊!
比如:下面的部分相同的部分用同一種顏色表示。
其他沒有標出來的,同學們自己找:
Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.
和
Telling a story in a way that both directs attention to the incongruities among the points of view of several characters and hints that the plot has a significance other than that suggested by its mere events.
所以你現(xiàn)在知道,為何學生考完會說,通過這樣的GRE閱讀方法,再看GRE閱讀,怎么感覺和托福閱讀一樣簡單啊。
GRE閱讀制勝法則:打“持久戰(zhàn)”
教師指導說備考GRE閱讀36套解析需要打“持久戰(zhàn)”。掌握GRE閱讀材料中文章作者對文章主題的態(tài)度以及文章的目的,離正確答案就越來越近,以下是為大家講解的有關(guān)GRE閱讀制勝法則的5個步驟:
1.解剖文章的第1段
積極主動地解讀文章的第1段,閱讀時盡量記住作者提出的問題(現(xiàn)象或觀點),和一些關(guān)于文章內(nèi)容的概念和詞匯,如這篇文章講的是生物化學,日本企業(yè)文化還是黑人運動。文章的論題是什么,作者想說什么?
2.在腦子里面形成一個作者思路圖
在腦子里或者在草稿紙上畫一個文章的結(jié)構(gòu)思路題。各個段落的目的是什么,主題又是什么?再次提醒,考察的是你的答題能力而非閱讀能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一個細節(jié)(其實,你也沒有那么多時間)。相反,你應該只讀文章段落的第1句,而快速瀏覽其余部分。當你“讀”完這篇文章時,你就能對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)思路有總體的把握。
3.通覽文章時,留意語氣詞和過渡詞
在快速閱讀文章時,特別留意段落開頭或者結(jié)尾可能出現(xiàn)的語氣詞和過渡詞。這樣做有助于你對作者思路的把握,從而快速掌握文章大意。
4.停下來,總結(jié)一下文章大意
在回答問題前,花幾秒鐘總結(jié)一下文章的思路和主題。
5.開始答題
根據(jù)你對文章的整體思路來答題。將問題(或選項)定位到文章中具體的某個段落甚至具體的句子。這里,你可以比第3個步驟更仔細。
新GRE邏輯閱讀考試更加注重學生實際運用語言的能力和邏輯思維能力的考察,所以備考新GRE邏輯閱讀的考生平時訓練時要針對所掌握的知識點總結(jié)和積累,不要盲目追求數(shù)量。
GRE閱讀高度之感知精確性
要求精確性,最好的檢驗標準和考察方式就是文章的細節(jié)題。所以每一次GRE考試的閱讀部分想達到全對是極其困難的。因為ETS必定會安排很瑣碎,不起眼的小細節(jié)來拉開區(qū)分度(雖然這種特等難題的數(shù)量是非常有限的)。再進一步看,什么地方是文章最細的地方?一種可能就是筆者舉的那些隱蔽的語言現(xiàn)象處。它們不僅在內(nèi)容上延伸,結(jié)構(gòu)上也處于被忽視的地位,所以容易被廣大考生所遺忘。如果誰讀文章,不經(jīng)意間也能對這部分內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生部分模糊印象,那么這個考生對全文的把握是比較全面準確的。筆者把這種現(xiàn)象概括成“主題最主要之所,細節(jié)至細微之處,皆可出題”,權(quán)當ETS的“兩手抓,兩手都要硬”。
解決方法
在GRE閱讀技巧的授課過程中,預測考點,題型分析和改寫理論是一個不可分割的整體。針對這個特殊的出題規(guī)律,考生必須在初讀文章時就形成一定的敏感性,判斷細節(jié)的重要性和出題的可能性。這個工作看似有點玄乎其玄,但是卻具有重大意義。
其實預測這個方法是普遍使用的。在TOEFL聽力考試中,最基礎(chǔ)的技巧就是搶讀選項。大腦中一旦形成了大致的預期和估計,對解題的幫助是巨大的。而且解題經(jīng)驗積累越豐富,這種方法有效性越大。新TOEFL改革后必須等對話結(jié)束后才出現(xiàn)選項,這樣一來解題難度大大提高。
GRE中預測考點的詳細理論很豐富。同學們可以在讀文章時注意any, a和an, 名詞復數(shù)泛指以及上文中提到的特殊標點,特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和語氣。反復總結(jié)歸納這種類型隱蔽細節(jié)的普遍規(guī)律,一定可以在第一時間引起警覺。高手對決,往往是在未出招之前就已分出勝負了。這同樣適用在和ETS斗智斗勇斗體力的備考GRE艱苦過程。
本文從提出一個現(xiàn)象,列舉了簡單實例到分析問題本身,最后提出一點建議。整個過程中讀者不難發(fā)現(xiàn)一些ETS出題的習慣和規(guī)律,也為GRE閱讀準備中部分考生片面追求技巧的行為敲響了警鐘。所以“讀懂”永遠是閱讀理解的根本問題,也是永遠追求的境界。希望考生在了解了GRE閱讀的特點和挑戰(zhàn)性后,可以靜下心來真正從提升自己閱讀能力出發(fā)積累。這樣GRE帶給你的會是真實的英語水平的巨大飛躍!
GRE閱讀:如何領(lǐng)會作者的態(tài)度
1.社會現(xiàn)象.作者反對將社會現(xiàn)象拔高到階級、政治、意識形態(tài)或超人性的高度,反對各種左派思想、革命主張和馬克思主義。
2.文學評論作者一貫反對從政治或意識形態(tài)角度去解釋文學現(xiàn)象或評價相應觀點,作者贊同從純文學標準進行解釋或評價。
3.對于新材料、新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新發(fā)明。作者的態(tài)度以支持的正評價為主,有時會提到缺陷,但不影響主態(tài)度。
4.生命科學,作者一貫反對Darwin及其進化論,包括趨同進化觀點。
5.對如下題材作者與我們持有相同的傾向。
溫室效應(二氧化碳數(shù)量)。
臭氧層問題。
供水問題(淡水資源缺乏)、城市污染、沙漠化侵襲——環(huán)境類問題。
6.關(guān)于弱勢人群或其他
有婦女題材、黑人題材、黑人婦女題材、少數(shù)民族題材等。有三種態(tài)度作者一貫反對:
1.仇視。
2.認為上述問題不重要,不值得研究。
3.認為上述問題已經(jīng)完全解決。
4.作者態(tài)度:關(guān)注并盼望有方案給出。
5.喜新厭舊.過去的、傳統(tǒng)的、大家一致接受的,作者至少不會給正評價。
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