GRE閱讀句子功能題解析-機(jī)經(jīng)思路大不同
為了幫助大家備考gre,攻克gre閱讀題,下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)GRE閱讀句子功能題透視-機(jī)經(jīng)思路大不同,希望大家能從中有所收獲!
GRE閱讀句子功能題透視-機(jī)經(jīng)思路大不同!
很多同學(xué)有個(gè)誤區(qū),認(rèn)為自己背好單詞就能考好GRE,事實(shí)上我們對(duì)現(xiàn)有的雞精題目進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)新GRE,尤其近幾年,在閱讀中,詞匯難度大大降低,文章大部分為長(zhǎng)度200個(gè)單詞以內(nèi)的短文章,跟老GRE的題目已經(jīng)不可同日而語(yǔ),所以,我一而再再而三的強(qiáng)調(diào),如果你的目標(biāo)不是160(需要極好的單詞量以及透徹的詞匯理解),而是150~155這個(gè)區(qū)間,那么最為高效率的備考方式是,仔細(xì)仔細(xì)仔細(xì)研究雞精閱讀文章,搞清楚出題思路,解題思路,加強(qiáng)對(duì)正確選項(xiàng)的敏感度,對(duì)錯(cuò)題選項(xiàng)的敏感度(例如比較關(guān)系),尤其是文章句間的邏輯關(guān)系~
沒(méi)錯(cuò),這就是傳說(shuō)中的考試重點(diǎn)!!!(敲黑板狀)
大家先看一篇短文章,
花兩分鐘做完這道題~
Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginningabout 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human- and climate-inducedchange are sometimes difficult to separate. For example, in the later Holocene,one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland. Such a changein vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development. Examples of such human impactfrom 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.
Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It provides an example of the kind of problems that often complicate investigations into environmental change.
B. It call into question the reliability of the established dates for later Holocene agricultural development.
C. It describes the nature of localized agricultural developments during the later Holocene.
D. It outlines a hypothesis that draws on evidence discussed earlier in the passage.
E. It limits the scope of a particular complication mentioned earlier in the passage.
題目形式非常固定,高亮文中的某一個(gè)句子,詢問(wèn)在文章中整體充當(dāng)什么功能或者作用;
我們理一下這篇短文章:
? 第一句:作者提出自己觀點(diǎn):人類影響因素使得對(duì)4000年前開(kāi)始,環(huán)境變化的調(diào)查研究復(fù)雜化(complicate into),因?yàn)槿祟惡蜌夂蛘T發(fā)的環(huán)境變化的signal經(jīng)常難以區(qū)分開(kāi)
? 第二句:作者舉例支持自己觀點(diǎn):森林植被變成草地,使得植物花粉增加,既可以理解為自然氣候越來(lái)越干燥,也可以歸因于人類農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響
? 第三句:然而,這種4000年前人類影響的例子是比較少的哦(small-scale),因?yàn)閺V泛采用農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)導(dǎo)致的環(huán)境變化后來(lái)才大規(guī)模的發(fā)生(changes occurred later)
雖然有However這個(gè)詞,但是作者并不是在否定自己的觀點(diǎn)和例子,而是想表達(dá):他所指出的人類因素和氣候因素難以區(qū)分的例子,在4000年前比較少,并不是他的觀點(diǎn)有誤,而是那時(shí)候農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)還不普遍,所以人類因素complicates調(diào)查研究的例子少。
A選項(xiàng),應(yīng)該是第二句話的作用!
B選項(xiàng),call into question,表示反駁,錯(cuò)!
C選項(xiàng),描述農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn),無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)
D選項(xiàng),概述一個(gè)假說(shuō),這不是一個(gè)假說(shuō)
E選項(xiàng),正確!!!限定了文章第二句指出的一個(gè)particular complication的scope;即small-scale.為什么要用particular complication這個(gè)詞呢?particular表示具體的,因?yàn)榈谝痪湓捠蔷C述觀點(diǎn),第二句話是例子,所以是一個(gè)具體的complication
大家做對(duì)了嗎?再看一道新鮮機(jī)經(jīng):
When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their spring time release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters. So far,
researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or among vent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.
Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.
B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.
C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.
D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.
E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.
這題答案是最后一個(gè)~大家選對(duì)了嗎~
GRE閱讀理解掌握特性是關(guān)鍵(一)
孫子兵法告訴我們:“知己知彼,方能百戰(zhàn)不殆?!币簿褪钦f(shuō)在知道GRE閱讀的定義也就是它的本質(zhì)之后,我們就應(yīng)該對(duì)GRE閱讀特性要有所了解,這樣才能使我們的準(zhǔn)備工作有相當(dāng)針對(duì)性,達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。概括的講,GRE閱讀擁有四個(gè)大類的特性:題材選擇的特性、寫作文體的特性、理解層次上的特性以及其他模式化的特性。我們將在下文中給以一一展開(kāi)。
(一)題材選擇的特性:
GRE閱讀文章的選材是十分廣泛幾乎覆蓋美國(guó)高等院校開(kāi)設(shè)的所有課程涉及的學(xué)科,包括政治、歷史、人類學(xué)、教育、地理、法律、人物傳記、醫(yī)學(xué)、生理學(xué)、物理、化學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、天文、氣象、生物、昆蟲(chóng)、植物、動(dòng)物、微生物等等。但歸納起來(lái)可以分為以下四類:
(1) 文學(xué)評(píng)論類(文科類)
(2) 社會(huì)科學(xué)類(文科類)
(3) 生命科學(xué)類(理科類)
(4) 其它自然科學(xué)類(理科類)
了解題材選擇特性的用處:
當(dāng)然了解如此的分類方法對(duì)我們研究GRE閱讀是沒(méi)有什么直接幫助的。但是對(duì)GRE閱讀題材進(jìn)行這樣的分類,有助于我們分析自己到底對(duì)哪類文章特別地發(fā)怵,也就是說(shuō)由于我們每個(gè)人所學(xué)的專業(yè)不同,所從事的工作不同,平時(shí)各自的英語(yǔ)閱讀愛(ài)好取向也不同,這就造成了我們必然對(duì)其中某些類的文章感覺(jué)讀起來(lái)不是那么順暢。面對(duì)這樣的問(wèn)題,我們就可以根據(jù)這樣的分類,有針對(duì)性地選擇那些自己不是很熟悉的題材來(lái)進(jìn)行短期突破性的大量閱讀,增加對(duì)此類文章的語(yǔ)感。
(二)寫作文體的特性:
GRE文章只有一類文體,那就是議論文,這是因?yàn)閷戇@些GRE文章的人都是些思想家、教育家、哲學(xué)家或是科學(xué)家,所以他們不可能言之無(wú)物,寫的東西當(dāng)然是要表達(dá)出自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。不過(guò)我們可以將其寫作手法做進(jìn)一步的細(xì)分,可以分為以下兩大類:
(1) Presentation
定義:作者闡釋說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)、方法或主張。
(2) Argumentation
定義:作者對(duì)別人的觀點(diǎn)、方法或主張進(jìn)行評(píng)論,如果持反對(duì)意見(jiàn),就會(huì)進(jìn)一步給出自己的方法、觀點(diǎn)和主張。
只有了解GRE閱讀的特性,才能掌握新GRE閱讀的考察方向,雖然閱讀邏輯負(fù)責(zé)程度持續(xù)增加,但這反映了ETS對(duì)于影響研究生階段學(xué)術(shù)成功的基本能力深入把握程度,希望考生端正態(tài)度認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇肌?/p>
GRE閱讀理解掌握特性是關(guān)鍵(二)
(三)閱讀理解層次的特性:
GRE閱讀理解可分為三個(gè)層次:
General Understanding:
主要是解決兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:
A. Main Idea or Point
B. Logical Development or Organization
Specific Understanding:
主要是解決兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:
A. Specific Details
B. Logical Details
Evaluating:
主要是解決三個(gè)問(wèn)題:
A. Implication
B. Further application
C. Tone / attitude
GRE閱讀理解層次的劃分告訴我們這樣一件事情,那就是什么叫做讀懂了一篇GRE文章,如果你在這三個(gè)層次上都把握地很好的話,這篇文章你就可以說(shuō)讀得比較懂了,而且做到了這三個(gè)層次的話,我相信你做后面的是肯定沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。那么具體而言,怎樣才能把握好GRE閱讀理解的這三個(gè)層次呢?筆者認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵是做好以下的六點(diǎn):
讀出what is the focus or what are the key points
明白what is the passage about? Or what is the main idea
Can you separate the main ideas from supporting evidence and ideas
讀出what are the relationships between main idea and other ideas or evidence
讀出What words define relationships among ideas
Can you separate the author’s own altitude towards different ideas
(四)其他模式化的特性:
GRE閱讀文章還有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):
1、有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性:
A. 表現(xiàn)在文章的布局和的設(shè)立;
B. 需要重點(diǎn)讀透徹段落之間、觀點(diǎn)之間、不同人物之間、不同事件之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系;
C. 實(shí)踐表明ETS對(duì)閱讀文章邏輯關(guān)系的考查要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的考查,所以把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是閱讀的重中之重。
2、敘述語(yǔ)氣的客觀性:
在GRE閱讀文章中通常沒(méi)有絕對(duì)正確的觀點(diǎn)、理論也沒(méi)有絕對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)、理論,只有絕對(duì)的客觀。
文章結(jié)構(gòu)與出題方式的模式化;
考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容固定、范圍集中:
A. 事物、觀點(diǎn)、理論、方法的缺陷;
B. 事物、人物之間的異同點(diǎn);
C. 比較級(jí)等等
3、態(tài)度有規(guī)律性:
A. 對(duì)舊觀點(diǎn)、傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)、大多數(shù)人的觀點(diǎn)永遠(yuǎn)持負(fù)態(tài)度,對(duì)有創(chuàng)新意義的新觀點(diǎn)、新想法永遠(yuǎn)持正態(tài)度,即喜新厭舊。所以,看到用old, many years ago, frequently, traditionally等詞匯所限定的觀點(diǎn)、事物,讀者立刻可斷定是對(duì)此持負(fù)態(tài)度的;而看到用new, recently, novel等詞匯所 限定的觀點(diǎn)、事物,讀者立刻可斷定是對(duì)此持正態(tài)度的。
B. 對(duì)于用政治傾向來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)文學(xué)作品的觀點(diǎn),一貫反對(duì)。
C. 總是傾向于弱勢(shì)群體,向來(lái)都是維護(hù)黑人、印第安人、婦女的權(quán)益,向來(lái)肯定女權(quán)主義者,并且總是認(rèn)為婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)還不夠徹底,力度還不夠,女權(quán)主義者應(yīng)該還能做得更好。
D. 對(duì)某些特定理論,常常持有特定的態(tài)度:
a. 對(duì)達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論,一貫反對(duì),所以只要出現(xiàn)生物進(jìn)化論、環(huán)境適應(yīng)性選擇、趨同性等類似觀點(diǎn),一貫批評(píng)、挖苦、打擊;
b. 對(duì)馬克思主義也是一貫持有負(fù)態(tài)度;
c. 對(duì)弗洛伊德的理論也是持負(fù)態(tài)度的;
d. 在生命自然科學(xué)類文章:表現(xiàn)為關(guān)注科學(xué):對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題非常關(guān)注并盼望解決;
e. 對(duì)新觀點(diǎn)新材料以正評(píng)價(jià)為主,有時(shí)會(huì)提到缺陷,但不影響主態(tài)度。
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