托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分開(kāi)頭怎么寫(xiě)
為了幫助大家備考托福寫(xiě)作，提高分?jǐn)?shù)，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分開(kāi)頭怎么寫(xiě)，來(lái)看看吧！
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分開(kāi)頭怎么寫(xiě)
一：引入話題
首先確定題目討論哪個(gè)方向的問(wèn)題，然后以這個(gè)問(wèn)題為中心，寫(xiě)一句介紹性的話。
比如，Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People who develop different skills are more successful than people who develop one skill only. (你是否同意，越成功的人所具備的技能越多?)
Undoubtedly, more and more successful people are developing a wide range of skill sets to maintain their competitive advantages.
二：扣緊題目
改寫(xiě)題目，點(diǎn)明論題?？忌谶@里要切忌抄寫(xiě)題目，此處所要展現(xiàn)的是用其他的表現(xiàn)形式，特別是一些相對(duì)高級(jí)的句型來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)題目的同義改寫(xiě)，目的是突出考生的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。
There is much controversy over whether to be equipped with one skill or to master a variety of skills so as to achieve personal success.
在對(duì)題目中所涉及的名詞對(duì)象下定義時(shí)，建議大家從具體名詞入手，盡量避開(kāi)抽象名詞，以降低自己構(gòu)思難度。一般情況下，開(kāi)頭部分篇幅長(zhǎng)度為40-60字即可。我們的寫(xiě)作還是要以理由段的論述為主，所以建議同學(xué)們不要浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間在開(kāi)頭部分。
好的開(kāi)頭是高分的一半，托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
1. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤并不是開(kāi)頭段落里面所獨(dú)有的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只要開(kāi)頭有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的，基本上文段當(dāng)中也會(huì)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。而解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題就要把語(yǔ)法知識(shí)梳理和鞏固一遍。另外，值得注意的是如果作文的開(kāi)頭段就有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)給閱卷者以語(yǔ)言不好的印象，對(duì)于作文的得分會(huì)產(chǎn)生不好的影響。
常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤有：主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)、句子成分不全等。
比如:
many people believes that playing games is not good.
students has too much homework to do.
many people who love to play sports with their friends. (主句成分殘缺)
2. Someone的使用
在開(kāi)頭段里，如果我們要提出正反方的觀點(diǎn)，最好說(shuō)一些人怎么樣，另外一些人怎么樣，而不是某一個(gè)人怎么樣。
Someone believes that … (某一個(gè)人覺(jué)得…)However, other people believe that(其他的人覺(jué)得)
這個(gè)表達(dá)中，someone這方的觀點(diǎn)顯得好弱。
3. 過(guò)于詳細(xì)
開(kāi)頭只是一個(gè)引入觀點(diǎn)，給出下文走下的提示的一個(gè)段落，不需要在開(kāi)頭把理由寫(xiě)得過(guò)去詳細(xì)，否則正文段的展開(kāi)就會(huì)受到制約。最好把正文分論點(diǎn)都概括成詞或者短語(yǔ)然后用一句話把所有的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)出來(lái)。
如：
題目：Some people believe that video games could inspire young students' interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games.
開(kāi)頭：
At recent time, some young people are fond of playing video games. They believe that video games could enable them not only to relax themselves but also can make their study more efficient. Nevertheless, from my perspective, I think that young students cannot make their study more efficacious. Firstly, the young students cannot control themselves strictly. So once they start to play the games, they will lose control and waste a lot of time which should be spent in study rather than in the entertainment. secondly, playing video games can do harm to the health of eyes of young people. The eyes of young people are not physically mature, if they play games too much, their eyes will be hurt. Nowadays, many people who has been playing computer games will have myopia problem.
這個(gè)開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)得太詳細(xì)，基本把正文段的內(nèi)容都清楚地表達(dá)完了，那接下來(lái)在寫(xiě)正文段的時(shí)候，就會(huì)不知道如何把段落發(fā)展下去了。而且，這個(gè)開(kāi)頭觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有很好地卡到題目所提到的培養(yǎng)興趣和提高學(xué)習(xí)效率這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)。
建議寫(xiě)成：
There is currently a split between the positive and negative effects of playing video games on young people, with some claiming that playing those games could inspire young student’s interest and enable them to study more efficiently and others arguing that those games only distract them from their study and should not be allowed to play by students. Reflecting on its merits and drawbacks, I am side with the video game supporters and believe the prohibition on video game playing does more harm than good.
或者
Recently, video games have become prevalent among young students. Some people believe these games should be banned because they only distract students from their study and waste their time; however, others hold the opinion that playing video games can actually inspire students interest and enable them to study efficiently. As far as I am concerned, despite the potential drawbacks of video games, with proper guidance, playing video game indeed develop students’ interest and enhance their study efficiency, rendering the prohibition unnecessary.
4. 背景引入太泛或前后文聯(lián)系不緊密
在寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭時(shí)，很多時(shí)候我們可以先做個(gè)背景鋪墊(英文里俗稱hook)，然后再給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。然后很多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)背景的時(shí)候，給出的背景和題目所討論的話題相差十萬(wàn)八千里，或者給出的背景的句子跟后面的給觀點(diǎn)的句子之前沒(méi)有合理的銜接，顯得非常突兀。
如：
題目：If your friend did something you don't like, do you still want to continue the friendship with him/her?
With the development of technology, people can make a lot of friends from all over the world. If my friend did something I don’t like, I will be unhappy but I think I will still want to continue the friendship with him/her.
這個(gè)開(kāi)頭給出的背景還是比較切合題目的，但是卻不是十分的吻合。因?yàn)轭}目討論的是在某種情況下要不要繼續(xù)友誼的問(wèn)題，但是背景給出的卻是人們可以全世界交友。從背景到觀點(diǎn)就有點(diǎn)跳躍了。
建議改成：
Friends are important while friendship are sometimes fragile and in some occasions, we may want to break up with our friends. Here is the situation. If your friend did something you do not like, will you discontinue your friendship? People’s answer towards this question may vary from person to person. Yet, to me, abandoning a treasure friendship for this reason is absolutely not an acceptable option.
這個(gè)開(kāi)頭背景就直接提到友誼很脆弱，有時(shí)我們會(huì)友盡，然后再討論題目的這種友盡的情況是否成立，這樣的開(kāi)頭就會(huì)比較緊湊。
5. 開(kāi)頭段的理由不足且單一
寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段的時(shí)候只要給出自己的立場(chǎng)，不一定要給出自己的理由，但是如果要給出理由的話，一定要把自己正文段的所有理由的都給出來(lái)。如果開(kāi)頭只給出一個(gè)理由但是正文段給了三個(gè)理由，那么這就算你自己沒(méi)有很好支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)了。
如 ：
Nowadays, it is harder and harder to keep a good friendship. Some people even give up the friendship because their friends did something they don't like. However, this action will hurt our friends. If my friend did something I don't like, I will still want to continue the friendship with him or her.
這個(gè)開(kāi)頭給出了且只給出了一個(gè)繼續(xù)友誼的理由，那就是如果不繼續(xù)那么朋友會(huì)受傷，那么下文就只能圍繞著這個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行展開(kāi)，如果拓展到其他的點(diǎn)，那文章就算沒(méi)有很好地支撐自己的論點(diǎn)。
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作之高分開(kāi)頭
一般托福寫(xiě)作有以下7種方式可以開(kāi)頭，即對(duì)立法，現(xiàn)象法，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山法，引用法，比較法，故事演繹法，問(wèn)題探究法。鑒于同學(xué)們易于上手，想通過(guò)一篇文章看明白如何開(kāi)頭，我今天還是著重講解最易掌握也較好拿高分的開(kāi)頭法-開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山法。
開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式 背景介紹 + 引出話題 + 一類觀點(diǎn) + 另一類觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比 + 我方觀點(diǎn)
(1) Background 背景介紹：以概括題目的方式給出文章的寫(xiě)作背景
(2) Introducing Topic引出話題：以承上啟下的方式引出題目關(guān)鍵詞
(3) Opposite View一類觀點(diǎn)：反方觀點(diǎn)(立場(chǎng)A)
(4) Others' View另一類觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比：A的對(duì)立面給出相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)(立場(chǎng)B)
(5) My Statement 我方觀點(diǎn)：在相對(duì)立的兩個(gè)立場(chǎng)中選擇一個(gè)作為自己的觀點(diǎn)(通常為B)
下面我們結(jié)合一道托福作文話題進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練并附2篇高分學(xué)生文章示例。
示例：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The advice from grandparents has no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years.
(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to refer to others' advice and fit in. (引出話題)One indis-putable fact is that valuable advice is closely associated with experienced people like parents and grandparents. (一類人觀點(diǎn))Some people， especial-ly the old， believe that it's beneficial to turn to grandparents.(另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)However， others， the young in particular， argue that due to the great development of the world， their grandparents' suggestions are not useful any more. (個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))From my perspective， asking for help from one's grandparents can be a really wise choice.
A defining character of people is the degree to which + 概括題目. One in-disputable fact is that + 題目概括詞 + is closely associated with 題目關(guān)鍵詞. Some people， especially 具體的人， believe that + 一類人觀點(diǎn). How-ever， others， 具體的人 in particular， argue that + 另一方觀點(diǎn). From my perspective， + 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn).
(注意：“the degree to which”在此處的功能相當(dāng)于“that”，且其后所接句子的主語(yǔ)必須和前面的“people”一致)
學(xué)生高分習(xí)作(29分)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In the modern world， we should never be impolite to another person.
It is generally believed that politeness is important in dealing with the rela-tionships and issues. There is no doubt that everyone would like to get along with polite people instead of rude ones. Especially， well-educated people tend to behave politely in order to get along well with others and to solve problems well. However， politeness isn't an effective solution for all the cases， since impoliteness is sometimes necessary. Therefore， I disagree with the statement that we should never treat others impolitely.
學(xué)生高分習(xí)作(27分)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important for government to provide money for things that are beautiful not just for things that are practical.
To cater to the public's growing demands for diverse quality of living accompanying the great leap of domestic wealth， the government implements various methods of infrastructure construction as well as entertainment promotion. But the question of whether government should dedicate more to things that are beautiful remains controversy among public. Some dispute that it's more important for government to spend a fortune building things only practical. However， this claim will be untenable when close examination intrudes. To my perspective， it seems crucial that government puts more efforts in developing things that are beautiful.
最后小結(jié)：
(1) 介紹社會(huì)背景加深思想深度引出話題，把問(wèn)題呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前;
(2) 提出有爭(zhēng)議性的問(wèn)題，激發(fā)讀者興趣，使其積極參與討論;
(3) 以新穎的觀點(diǎn)，吸引讀者注意力;
(4) 呈現(xiàn)該話題正反方的觀點(diǎn);
(5) 引用名人名言、諺語(yǔ)等作為文章的開(kāi)頭;
(6) 對(duì)將要討論的話題進(jìn)行定義;
(7) 其次，要善于運(yùn)用復(fù)合句，從而使引言段簡(jiǎn)潔明了，開(kāi)宗明義。
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托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分開(kāi)頭怎么寫(xiě)
