2019年6月13日雅思閱讀考前機經(jīng)預(yù)測
雅思閱讀考試前,大家可參考一些機經(jīng),重點復(fù)習題型的解題方法和思路。接下來小編為大家?guī)砹?019年6月13日雅思閱讀考前機經(jīng)預(yù)測內(nèi)容,希望能幫助到大家在沖刺階段有一個備考重點,預(yù)祝各位考生能順利拿到自己想要的成績。
2019年6月13日雅思閱讀考前機經(jīng)預(yù)測1
文章題目We have star performers
重復(fù)年份20160114 20121124
題材商業(yè)管理
題型段落細節(jié)配對 4+判斷 4+填空 5
文章大意人才與天賦,討論人才和選人標準之間的論證。講公司考核員工主要的依據(jù), talents, 文章批判了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(才能是與生俱來的,是不變的,是需要公 司去發(fā)現(xiàn)的)。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在,然后分段講到,才 能是隨時間變化的,是不能被精確度量的,是可以憑努力換來的。
參考答案:
段落細節(jié)配對:
28 One example from non-commerce/business settings that better system wins bigger stars F
29 One failed company that believes stars rather than system B
30 One suggestion that author made to acquire employees then to win the competition nowadays G
31 One metaphor to human medical anatomy that illustrates the problems of hiring stars. C
判斷:
32 McKinsey who wrote The War for Talent had not expected the huge influence made by this book. NG
33 Economic condition becomes one of the factors which decide whether or not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees. YES
34 The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident instead of company’s management mistake. NO
35 Football clubs that focus making stars in YES
填空:
An investigation carried out on 1000 36 analysts of a survey by Harvard Business Review found a company hire a 37 star has negative effects. For instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the 38 working environment that they used to be. They move faster than wall street and increase their 39 salary. Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those 40 rivals within the team. Lastly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling his/her stock share.
2019年6月13日雅思閱讀考前機經(jīng)預(yù)測2
文章題目The influence of social network to people's loneliness
重復(fù)年份20140920 20130622
題材人文社科
題型配對 6+選擇 4+判斷 4
文章大意社交媒體對人孤獨的影響.越來越多的人開始使用社交媒體,有些人認為社
交媒體使人變得更加孤獨,有些人卻不同意。在大學(xué)生中做了一個調(diào)查,結(jié) 果表明孤獨感與人們花時間在社交媒體上無關(guān)。社交媒體會使人變得焦慮, 也會讓人上癮。
參考閱讀:
Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, suggests that his recent research shows that online social media use, rather than making us as users feel inter-connected, contributes to overall life dis-satisfaction and loneliness.
This side-effect can have drastic results, considering over 1.1 billion users around the world are linked up on Facebook alone.
The study monitored 82 participants’ feelings and well-being, compared to their social media use, over a long period of time. This kind of LONG TERM comparative research was the first of its kind to be conducted.
The main correlation result was: the more time spent on social media, the less happy you will be over time.
A separate study in 2010 conducted by Carnegie Mellon University discovered that when users are DIRECTLY interacting with social media friends, such as posting pictures and status updates, tagging photos, or liking things, their sociability and well-being increased.
However, the dangerous part of our social media use stems from the time we are passively consuming social media content, which represents a majority of user time spent on these platforms. This passive consumption of other peoples idealized vacations, days off, meals, boyfriends, family, etc. led users to feel lonely and unsatisfied with their own lives, despite how eschewed this perception of others lives ACTUALLY is.
Thus, social media has forced us to face a grave paradox: social media claims to be the platform that can connect users with their friends, family, community and the like within seconds, and this is true; however, never before have we experienced more isolation than we are now as a result. Our obsession with our digital social media lives is beginning to take precedence over our physical, here-and-now lives, resulting in our inability to interact with real people, and enjoy life’s current moments without being distracted by how this will be portrayed on social media.
2019年6月13日雅思閱讀考前機經(jīng)預(yù)測3
文章題目Expert in musician
重復(fù)年份20160130 20140517
題材人文社科
題型選擇 4+判斷 6+填空 4
文章大意天賦是遺傳先天的還是靠練習,主要以音樂為例。討論堅持不懈對成功的作 用和他們的關(guān)系。首先探討了毅力是否是成功的必要條件,并闡述了眾多學(xué) 家就此提出的各類觀點。在論證天才是不是也需要堅持不懈時,舉例了莫扎 特一個人堅持找工作的過程。最后證明了堅持不懈和成功的關(guān)系密切。
部分參考答案: 選擇:
1. what's the definition of talent in the first paragraph
brain structure different from others
2. what can we learn from violin players?
Not sure the change of brain size is the cause of effect of practice
3. the result of findings by experts suggest
Talent may have little to do with ....
判斷題:
1. ericsson's study has influenced other researchers. NG
2. the other areas have one thing in common. Y
3. whose who becoe world scale practice regularly every day NG
4. anyone who practiced over 10.000 will become a talent N
5. current learning and cognitive skills support the practice theory Y
填空題:
Receive a lot of practice from his father. .... first symphony at the age of four....not
popular...but not inherited.
雅思閱讀細讀文章與計時做題如何取舍
雅思閱讀正確率與時間掌握怎樣權(quán)衡,我想這是很多烤鴨在做雅思閱讀題時會思考的一個問題,我們該怎樣在做題的準確率和速度上做出取舍,怎樣最優(yōu)地做閱讀題呢?這便是本文將要試圖回答的問題,文章有點長,請慢慢讀~
雅思閱讀有一個老生常談的問題:做題前該怎樣讀文章。依作者拙見,要獲得高分,做題前將文章瀏覽一遍是很有必要的;而同時,很多考生又會面臨另一個難題,即在考試規(guī)定時間內(nèi)逐字逐句看完三篇文章以及做完所有題目,對他們來說幾乎是不可能的。那應(yīng)該怎樣化解決這一矛盾呢,這就是筆者想要跟大家一起探討和解決的問題。
1瀏覽文章的必要性
瀏覽文章是雅思閱讀的必備策略。做題時,通常先閱讀題目,然后通過題目中的關(guān)鍵詞到文章中定位,最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些題型,單純依靠定位就不合時宜了,即使僥幸做對,那也是自欺欺人。
例如目前頗有大展其鼓之勢的段落細節(jié)配對題。簡而言之,此題型就是出題者給出一個細節(jié),然后要求答題者找出細節(jié)所在的相應(yīng)段落。若用定位法,勢必整段逐行搜尋,耗時耗力,效率等同于通讀全文,更何況有時還未必能找到題干中的相同詞語,而是需要靠做題者自己去歸納。
例如“劍四”52頁30題題干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”,在文章相關(guān)段落中很難甄別出上述信息。還有T/F/NG題中,雖然題目順序與原文答案出現(xiàn)順序一般保持一致,但也不能完全排除順序打亂的情況出現(xiàn),例如“劍五”19頁8-13題。要做出這些題,那就非讀文章不可了。
2結(jié)構(gòu)閱讀法
那么雅思文章該怎么讀呢?首先,我們來看看雅思權(quán)威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell兩位專家是怎么說的:“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”按照他們的說法,雅思閱讀就是考察學(xué)生在讀長文章時篩選信息的能力,即read discriminately,知道哪些是重要信息必須細讀,哪些是無用的,可以忽略。
雅思考題的設(shè)計思路不僅是為了測試考生的語言水平,更在于幫助考生培養(yǎng)起一套適合英聯(lián)邦大學(xué)教學(xué)觀念的學(xué)習方法。
在英國念文科的同學(xué)都會有這樣一種共識,那就是一學(xué)期要看很多書,寫很多essay,有的同學(xué)雖然很刻苦,整日地泡在圖書館里做書蟲,但還是讀不完reading list中的必讀書。再對比周圍英國同學(xué),他們不見得比我們刻苦,卻很能掉書袋,寫出的essay理論功底更深。
學(xué)習效率的高低正是由閱讀方法的差異造成的。中國學(xué)生從小接受英語精讀教學(xué),咬文嚼字,看書喜歡一頁頁地細嚼慢咽。就個人閱讀習慣而言,這種讀法無可厚非,但若是做學(xué)問,這就不是正確的方法了。而英國學(xué)生讀書,總是先瀏覽目次、摘要等信息,然后閱讀索引,找尋需要的信息,所以他們一本書通常讀一天甚至于幾小時就夠了。同樣雅思的文章,也沒必要逐字逐句的讀,而是要了解作者行文時的構(gòu)思以及寫文章要達到的目的。如果做題前就能對文章的思路了如指掌,那就好比站在了作者的高度,定位時也就不會出現(xiàn)無的放矢的碰運氣了。
有的同學(xué)也許會有這樣的疑問,雅思文章題材五花八門,行文艱深晦澀,要看懂都不容易,怎樣能在幾分鐘內(nèi),梳理出作者的寫作思路呢?對于這個問題我們知道,雅思文章的學(xué)術(shù)性雖然決定了它的深度,但另一方面也決定了相對固定的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
因為學(xué)術(shù)是嚴謹?shù)?,在形式上它有一套嚴格的?guī)范(the established academic caliber)。就學(xué)術(shù)范疇的文章而言,其觀點可以犀利獨到,但論證必須縝密,所以文章層次結(jié)構(gòu)相比起他體裁是穩(wěn)定的。換言之,學(xué)術(shù)文章有點八股文的味道。那么我們就可以利用這點迅速掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)繼而掌握思路了。
文章的性質(zhì)決定了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。在《劍橋雅思》的前言中,關(guān)于閱讀有這樣一段話: “The passages are on topics of general interest. At least one text contains detailed logical argument.” 據(jù)筆者觀察,所有雅思文章都可以分為兩大類:介紹性的學(xué)術(shù)說明文和論辯性的學(xué)術(shù)論文。
說明文只是對一個既定的事實進行客觀介紹和陳述,不包含argument,教科書就屬于這一類;而學(xué)術(shù)論文通常針對一個懸而未決的問題,進行論證,繼而提出解決方案,其過程就是提出問題、分析問題、解決問題。在雅思考試中,這類文章分為兩種:實驗論證和邏輯論證。下面就依次介紹這幾種文章的結(jié)構(gòu):
一、介紹類學(xué)術(shù)說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)要判斷文章類別,一般看標題就可以了。介紹類文章是對某事物或現(xiàn)象進行描述或介紹,所以標題一般為名詞短語或者以How開頭的疑問句。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
-Introduce a phenomenon or a fact.-Detailed Description:Timeline/Different Aspects/Logic Development-Look into the future/Summary
無論什么文章,起始段總是引出主題,所以多用敘述描寫性語言,或介紹現(xiàn)象,或陳述事實,或交代問題。
在介紹類說明文中,中間斷落是對事物細節(jié)的展開描述,各種話題可以通過三種不同方式展開。第一類時間順序,通常用于陳述一個歷史事件,例如劍五中的“Johnson’s Dictionary”就是這一類。第二類并列或遞進,從各個側(cè)面來介紹,例如劍四中的“What Do Whales feel?”,一看標題就知道是介紹鯨魚各個感官的,屬于并列結(jié)構(gòu)。第三類是邏輯順序,據(jù)筆者統(tǒng)計,環(huán)境自然類文章多依照這種順序,下文對此會作詳細評述,這里不再贅言。
二、論證類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)
實驗類文章-Introduce Experiment-Pre-experiment (Subjects, Tools, Methods)-Experiment Process-Result (Collecting Data)-Analyses and Syntheses
在雅思閱讀中,實驗類文章結(jié)構(gòu)最為固定。筆者分析了“劍四”和“劍五”中所有實驗類文章,發(fā)現(xiàn)其結(jié)構(gòu)無一不遵循以上套路,這是因為實驗報告的形式本來就單調(diào)。首段總是說明實驗的緣起以及實驗沒目的,然后介紹實驗前的準備工作包括器具,實驗主體等,接著進入實驗進程的描述,而后公布實驗結(jié)果,最后綜合數(shù)據(jù)得出結(jié)論。無論實驗做什么,這個基本順序是不會改變的。
邏輯論證類文章-Introduce the topic/problem-Literature Review (Optional)-Present Causes/Reasons (optional)-Writer’s Approach-Supporting Evidences-Conclusions
這類文章從結(jié)構(gòu)上講更接近于論文。起始段導(dǎo)出議題,第二部分對議題進行文獻綜述,介紹已有的觀點或探討引發(fā)問題的原因,第三部分引入作者的判斷以及相關(guān)分論點或論據(jù),最后是結(jié)論。在雅思考試是中這類文章通常是比較難的。
3實戰(zhàn)中的運用 下面結(jié)合題目具體說明結(jié)構(gòu)閱讀法的運用。
例一 (劍五”P16,Johnson’s Dictionary)一看標題就知道是說明文,主題是介紹約翰遜博士的詞典。然后閱讀具體斷落來套結(jié)構(gòu),注意一般只要看首尾句就可以了。第一段第一句”There had been concerns about the state of the English language.”交代背景,說明英語語言的問題,引出編詞典的主題。第二段首句“there had, of course, been dictionaries in the past”介紹過去的字典,可知這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是按照時間順序進行的。抓住這點,余下幾段就容易分析了。
依次往后,分別講了編詞典的必要性、編詞典前的準備、編詞典中的艱難、介紹工作成果、出版后的好評,約翰遜的感慨以及最后功成名就。抓住這個順序,即使后面的T/F/NG題次序打亂,每道題也依然能夠準確快速地定位了。限于篇幅,此處稍舉幾例。
第9題“Johnson has become more well- known since his death.”這句和身后事有關(guān),按照時間順序肯定在最后一段找了。第10題“Johnson had been planning to writer a dictionary for several years”,按照時間順序,這句應(yīng)該去第四段找,因為那段講的是編詞典的準備階段。
例二 (劍五”P20,Nature or Nurture)首先通過首句可以判斷是實驗類文章。閱讀各段首句,梳理結(jié)構(gòu):A段引出實驗,說明實驗?zāi)康?。B段介紹實驗前的準備工作。C段實驗過程。D、E兩段實驗結(jié)果,F(xiàn)、G、H三段實驗分析。最后一段綜合,得出結(jié)論??春竺娴亩温浼毠?jié)配對題。14題從生物學(xué)角度分析實驗結(jié)果,在F、G、H段內(nèi)找。從首句可判斷F段講動物攻擊性,G段講社會性,H段講人性和道德,動物攻擊性最接近生物學(xué),所以選F段。15題講實驗?zāi)康?,所以選A段。16題講實驗主體,所以B段。剩余各題都可如法炮制,這里不再贅述。
環(huán)境自然現(xiàn)象類文章結(jié)構(gòu)-Introduce phenomenon-Causes-Impacts or effects brought by it-Solutions/Look into the future
文章的主題通常是某種現(xiàn)象如地震,火山等,起始段介紹現(xiàn)象及其產(chǎn)生的原因,下面各段講造成的后果,介紹人類怎樣應(yīng)對,最后展望未來。例如,“劍五”P86,“The Impact of Wilderness Tourism”探討野外旅游, 主題屬于環(huán)境類。按照這個結(jié)構(gòu)即使不看文章,我們也應(yīng)該可以判斷Section A選的是iii這個標題(Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there),依次類推Section B論述后果,那么應(yīng)該選V因為里面有“disruptive effects”,而Section C論述應(yīng)對措施所以選ii。
總之,在做題前分析文章結(jié)構(gòu),了解每段的構(gòu)成和主題是很有必要的。這既是一種有效考試的策略,更是針對學(xué)術(shù)文章的良好閱讀方法。
2019年6月13日雅思閱讀考前機經(jīng)預(yù)測相關(guān)文章: