英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)是一個(gè)很重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的其中一種-過(guò)去完成時(shí)吧！
英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;也可以指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻。這里的過(guò)去時(shí)間可以用某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示，也可以通過(guò)上下文表示。
1. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，也有可能早已結(jié)束或完成。例如:
When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的時(shí)候游覽了他兒時(shí)曾玩過(guò)的地方。
2. 表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于另一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的用法，這種情況多見(jiàn)于賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:
He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他記得他把鑰匙落家了。
3. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且到那時(shí)還未結(jié)束，仍有繼續(xù)下去的可能性。例如:
By seven o’clock the worker had worked for ten hours. 到七點(diǎn)鐘為止，那位工人已經(jīng)工作十個(gè)小時(shí)了。
4. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.我們本希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)來(lái)。
5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:
(1) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可以和確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但意思有明顯區(qū)別。試比較:
He had finished his homework by eight. 他到八點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了。
He finished his homework at eight. 他在八點(diǎn)鐘完成了家庭作業(yè)。
(2) 用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，既可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，也可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。但兩種時(shí)態(tài)的意義明顯不同。試比較:
He said he was a soldier. 他說(shuō)他是位軍人。
He said he had been a soldier. 他說(shuō)他曾當(dāng)過(guò)兵。
(3) 在含有before的主從復(fù)合句中，一般情況下，在從句中使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:
Jack had finished his homework before he went out shopping. 杰克在購(gòu)物前已經(jīng)完成了他的家庭作業(yè)。
注:before本身就能明確地表示時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，故多數(shù)主從句均使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而無(wú)需使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:
Some people left for home before the film ended. 電影尚未放完，有些人就起身回家了。
英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的例句
1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
2. The children ran away because they had broken the window.
2. By the time he was twenty, he had written five novels.
3. How many English songs had you learnt by the end of last term?
4. As soon as the sun had set, we returned to our hotel.
5. How long had Brown lived in the south before he came here?
6. When he had eaten his lunch he asked for a glass of water.
7. I hadn’t understood the problem until the teacher explained it.
8. They had just got home when it began to rain.
9. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
10. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
11. Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine
12. I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
13. I returned the book that I had borrowed.
14. I met Tom yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
15. I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
16. When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
17. We had hoped to be able to come and see you, but you were not at home.
18. It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
19. We had learned over two thousand En
glish words by the end of last term.
20. They had planted six hundred trees by last Wednesday.
過(guò)去式和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
1、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去的過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情，可能一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去/現(xiàn)在或者其影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。按此理解，這里的意思是“在她打的之前(這里是過(guò)去)”就一直在下雨，而且一直持續(xù)到她打的之后。
2、用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)事件/動(dòng)作，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一事件/動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。按此理解，“在她打的之前開(kāi)始下雨”，僅僅只是表達(dá)了這么一個(gè)事實(shí)而已;或者你可以理解為“她剛要打的就開(kāi)始下雨了“這么一個(gè)瞬間發(fā)生的事情，所以不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 綜上所述，以上填had begun和began肯定都是對(duì)的咯!
習(xí)題
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1.He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __D________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he ___D______.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ___C___ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He __B___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
11. What __D_____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done
12 .He _C__ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
13. By the end of last week, they _D___ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _D____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/
15. By the time he was 4, he _A_____ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then __D___ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left
17.They ____C_____ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
18. The train from Beijing__C_____ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
19. The students ___B______ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20. Fergie__B_____ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
21. The man ___A_____ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
22 My mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works
23. Dad _C_______ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. We ___had painted____ (paint) the house before we moved________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man __had made___ (make) a will before he died(die).
3. They __had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left___ (leave).
4. The robbers _had run away____ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).
5. I __turned off_____ (turn off) all the lights before I __went___ (go) to bed.
6. Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _____ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom ___said__ (say) he had read_______ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____failed_ (fail ) because we _had made______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ___finished_____ (finish) speaking, he ____left____ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads were having (have) lunch when I ___got_____(get) to their house.
11.When I __arrived________(arrive) at the station, he ___had left_____(leave).
12..We _____had learned___(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he __finished_____(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she _had____already __done____(do)
15.She _didn't go___(not go) to Qingdao because she ___had went____ (go) there before.
16. He __hasn't told (not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he __had______already___given___(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ____have been_____(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she ___had been_______(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She __was playing________(play) the guitar while her sister__was singing______(sing).
3.句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1.I had sold the ticket when she came.(改否定句)
I did not have sold the ticket when she came.
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.(改否定句)
She didn't have sung a song to us before she danced.
3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.(否定)
They did not begin to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. (改一般疑問(wèn))
Had you been very hungry by 10:00 am?
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改一般疑問(wèn))
Had lucy already completed the project when I arrived.
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. (改一般疑問(wèn))
Had th eplane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
How was he when you saw him?
8.When he had read the note, he ate it. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
What did he do when he had the note?
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
Why did Jack not go to the cinema?
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
How long did you have had the toys before you gave them to the child?
11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
What had she written by the end of 1960?
12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. (用過(guò)去完成時(shí)連接兩句)
We ate the dumplings after we had cooked them.
13.Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken. (用過(guò)去完成時(shí)連接兩句)
The car had broken before Jim's father manded it.
14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)連接兩句)
After we ___had had hour teats________, we ___had a long holiday___________
15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)連接兩句)
Before he ___had showed us around the house_______, he_______showed us a picture________
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