notonlybutalso的用法總結(jié)
Not only…but also是英語中比較常見的一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞組，用于連接兩個表示并列關(guān)系的成分，著重強調(diào)后者。它的意思是“不僅 … 而且 ...”；其中的also有時可以省略。由于它的用法比較復(fù)雜，本文擬對其用法及其使用中應(yīng)注意的問題作一歸納。
not only but also的主要用法
1.連接主語:
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不僅我，而且湯姆和瑪麗都喜歡看電視。
2.連接賓語:
The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.
收信人不僅要盡力猜出是誰的，還要推測寄信人內(nèi)心有什么想法。
3.連接謂語動詞
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.英國人和美國人不但語言相同，而且有很多相同的風俗習(xí)慣。
注意not only…but also連接的動詞一般不重復(fù)，這與漢語不同。如漢語說“我不僅懂英語，而且懂俄語”，英語則說“I know not only English but also Russian”，而不說“I not only know English but also know Russian”.再如:“氣體不僅改變形狀，而且改變體積”，英譯為“A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume.”(注意介詞常重復(fù))
4.連接表語:
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor .
莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，而且是一位演員。
5.連接賓語補足語:
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
淺色和鮮艷的顏色不但使人看了高興，也會使人更加活潑。
6.連接狀語:
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thank fully.
如果低你的朋友善意地指明出你的缺點，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心懷感激之情。
7.連接從句:
He didn’t let us off the hook until we had proved not only that we knew what an organism was but also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.
直到我們證明了我們不僅知道什么是生物體，而且具有堅持真理的不屈不撓精神時，他這才放過我們。
8.連接定語:
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space. 人類不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。
9.連接句子:
Inot only heard it, but (also) I saw it.
我不僅聽到、而且看到了它。 Not only…but also連接句子時, not only 可以置于句首表示強調(diào),這時第一分句要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
他不僅有著頭等聰明的腦子，而且工作很能吃苦。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
這個可憐的人不僅被逮捕，而且被投進監(jiān)獄。
Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
對這件事不僅教授們有自己的看法，學(xué)生們也有自己的想法。
10.用于 it is…that 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now, but the computer expert, the accountant, and the business manager.
現(xiàn)在，不僅科學(xué)家和醫(yī)生需要長期的專門訓(xùn)練，計算機專家、會計師和企業(yè)經(jīng)理也需要這種訓(xùn)練。
It is not only what we do, but also what we do not do, for which we are accountable.
我們不但要對我們所做的事負責，而且要對我們沒有去做的事負責。
使用not only…but also…注意事項
1. 有時可將but also分開用，即將but視為普通的并列連詞，用于連接兩個句子，然后將also用于句中（用謂語動詞用在一起）。如：
He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique.
他不僅很快，而且技術(shù)高超。
2. 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的also有時可以省略，或?qū)lso換成too, as well（置于句末）。如：
He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well].
他不僅沖洗汽車，而且還擦拭了它。
His name is known not only in Japan, but in China.
他不僅在日本出名，而且在中國也出名。
3. 有時因為語境的需要，not only…but also…也可能用于連接兩個性質(zhì)不同的詞或短語，但這多半因為承前省略的原因。如：
He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends.
他不僅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。
句中的not only后接的是謂語goes to，而but also后接的卻是狀語 on weekends，可視為but also后承前省略了謂語動詞 goes to work。
4. 當not only…but also連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)原則上與其相近的主語保持一致。如：
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不僅學(xué)生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。
5. 為了強調(diào)，可將not only置于句首，此時其后的句子通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如：
Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work.
她不僅僅遲到了3次，她還沒干一點活。
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.
他們不但需要衣服，而且還缺水。
有時也可見到不倒裝的情形，此時主要見于but also后接省略結(jié)構(gòu)的情況（省略只剩下主語）。如：
Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too.
不僅我母親不快樂，瑪麗安也不快樂。
not only...but also 的倒裝使用
1. 連接二個分句（并列句），即 Not only 和 but 后面都有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時，如果not only位于第一分句主語之前，則該分句要部分倒裝；后一個分句，即 but 后面不用倒裝。
2. 如果not only不是位于第一分句主語之前，前后兩個分句的主語相同，可以改為并列二個謂語，此時則不倒裝。例如：
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. = The poor man had not only been arrested but sent to prison as well.
3. 如果 Not only ... but ... 連接兩個主語，不能使用倒裝。例如：Not only the teachers but also the students love their school very much.(此句中的 the teachers 和 the students 是主語。不能說：Not only do the teachers but also the students love their school very much.)