漢語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持的英語(yǔ)翻譯
大家知道堅(jiān)持這一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)是怎么翻譯的嗎?接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了漢語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持的英語(yǔ)翻譯,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
漢語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持的英語(yǔ)翻譯
“堅(jiān)持”可以譯作adhere to, persevere1 in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等。
如：adherence to the socialist3 road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong Thought.
adhering to a coordinated4 and balanced program of development
persevere in the pursuit of one central task and two basic points
persisting in reform and opening up
hold on to socialism
stick to this attitude
keep to the socialist orientation5
Adhere to的意思是“堅(jiān)持維護(hù)，支持”，“信仰堅(jiān)定”，“忠實(shí)于”，如：adhere to principle/belief/ideas/opinion/promise/plan/program, “堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線”可譯作adhere to the Party's basic line, “堅(jiān)持無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)國(guó)際主義”可譯作adhere to proletarian internationalism.
Persevere in 和persist in 一般用于行動(dòng)，都有"“在困難或遭到反對(duì)的情況下堅(jiān)持”的意思;但persevere in 帶褒義，表示“不屈不撓”，而persist in帶貶義，表示“頑固，不聽(tīng)開(kāi)導(dǎo)或勸告”，如：
Perseverance6 means success.
persevere in one's studies/armed struggle
persist in one's errors/asking insulting questions
Hold on to的意思是“抓住不放”，用于beliefs, ideas, principles時(shí)表示“堅(jiān)持信仰，堅(jiān)持原則和觀點(diǎn)”，即使他人影響或情況使人產(chǎn)生懷疑，也不改變或放棄，如：
hold on to one's views
Stick to 的意思是“粘住，不離”;和choice, decision, principle, belief等詞連用時(shí)，也有“不變，不放棄”，“堅(jiān)持”的意思。
Keep to 有“不背離”，“不違背”，“遵守”的意思，如：
keep to the main road
keep to prearranged plan/schedule/promise
Keep to 用于decision, belief, rules時(shí)有“堅(jiān)持”的意思。
此外，“堅(jiān)持”也可譯作insist on, keep up, uphold等。 Insist on 多用于意見(jiàn)，主張，如：
We insist on an interview before we accept any MA candidates.
She insisted on her innocence7.
He insisted on going there alone.
Keep up的意思是“繼續(xù)”，如：
keep up one's studies/piano practice/the attack/the struggle/propaganda/criticism/the good work/the efforts/the customs of one's native land/regular payments/a friendship
Uphold的意思是“支持”，“贊同”，可和law, principle, system, practice連用?！拔覀凕h堅(jiān)持辨證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的世界觀”可譯作Our Party upholds dialectical materialism8 and historical materialism as its world outlook.
擴(kuò)展：Especially的一般譯法
在科技英語(yǔ)中常常見(jiàn)到在一個(gè)完整的句子后，由especially(或particularly, 下同)引出從句、詞組或單詞來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的行為或狀態(tài)的突出表現(xiàn)。怎樣翻譯這類(lèi)句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分呢?請(qǐng)先看下句的三種譯文：
It should be noted1 that any form of preheat adds to the welder's difficulties and causes discomfort2, particularly when welding at hight preheat temperature
levels inside vessels3.
1、應(yīng)該指出，特別在容器內(nèi)高溫預(yù)熱下施焊時(shí)，任何形式的預(yù)熱都會(huì)增加焊工的困難和使他們身感不適。
2、應(yīng)該指出，任何形式的預(yù)熱都會(huì)增加焊工的困難和使他們身感不適，特別是在容器內(nèi)高溫預(yù)熱下施焊時(shí)。
3、應(yīng)該指出，任何形式的預(yù)熱都會(huì)增加焊工的困難和使他們身感不適，在容器內(nèi)高溫預(yù)熱下施焊時(shí)尤其如此。
比較這三種譯文，譯文1的缺點(diǎn)在于：原文的敘述方式是從一般到特殊，譯文則超越一般情況，直接談到特殊情況，與原文似有不符。譯文2末尾的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)懸空，在語(yǔ)法上似無(wú)說(shuō)明對(duì)象，讀來(lái)令人有言有未盡之感。譯文3表義正確，句子結(jié)構(gòu)與原文一致，句尾用“如此”二字呼應(yīng)前文，無(wú)句意殘缺和語(yǔ)氣停滯之感。譯文3無(wú)疑是較好的，且這一漢譯模式似可用于處理類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)的所有英語(yǔ)句子。下面再舉幾個(gè)例子：
1)The decision to repair is not easy, especially in borderline cases.
作出返修的決定不是容易的，在可修可不修的情況下尤其如此。
2)Many code vessels are fabricated party in the shop and partly in the field, especially boilers4.
許多規(guī)范容器的制造，部分是在工廠，部分是在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行的，鍋爐尤其如此。
3)A visual inspection5 must be done carefully for the materials, especially for those to be used in fabrication of pressure vessels.
必須對(duì)材料仔細(xì)進(jìn)行外觀檢查，對(duì)制造壓力容器所用材料尤需如此。
4)The shell parts of reactor6 pressure vessels have been often fabricated with formed plates welded together, especially in USA and Japan.
反應(yīng)壓力容器的殼體，歷來(lái)常常是用成型鋼板焊接而成的，在美國(guó)和日本尤其如此。
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