老托福閱讀真題及答案
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老托福閱讀真題及答案55
In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington, in Seattle, engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor environment — Olmsted Brothers of Brookline, Massachusetts — to advise them on an appropriate layout for the university grounds. The plan impressed the university officials, and in time many of its recommendations were implemented. City officials in Seattle, the largest city in the northwestern United States, were also impressed, for they employed the same organization to study Seattle's public park needs. John Olmsted did the investigation and subsequent report on Seattle's parks. He and his brothers believed that parks should be adapted to the local topography, utilize the area's trees and shrubs, and be available to the entire community. They especially emphasized the need for natural, serene settings where hurried urban dwellers could periodically escape from the city. The essence of the Olmsted park plan was to develop a continuous driveway, twenty miles long, that would tie together a whole series of parks, playgrounds, and parkways. There would be local parks and squares, too, but all of this was meant to supplement the major driveway, which was to remain the unifying factor for the entire system.
In November of 1903 the city council of Seattle adopted the Olmsted Report, and it automatically became the master plan for the city's park system. Prior to this report, Seattle's park development was very limited and funding meager. All this changed after the report. Between 1907 and 1913, city voters approved special funding measures amounting to ,000,000. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow, and with the added incentive of wanting to have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board bought aggressively. By 1913 Seattle had 25 parks amounting to 1,400 acres, as well as 400 acres in playgrounds, pathways, boulevards, and triangles. More lands would be added in the future, but for all practical purposes it was the great land surge of 1907-1913 that established Seattle's park system.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The planned development of Seattle's public park system
(B) The organization of the Seattle city government
(C) The history of the Olmsted Brothers architectural firm
(D) The design and building of the University of Washington campus
2. The word engaged in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) trained
(B) hired
(C) described
(D) evaluated
3. The word subsequent in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) complicated
(B) alternate
(C) later
(D) detailed
4. Which of the following statements about parks does NOT reflect the views of the Olmsted
Brothers firm?
(A) They should be planted with trees that grow locally.
(B) They should provide a quiet, restful environment.
(C) They should be protected by limiting the number of visitors from the community.
(D) They should be designed to conform to the topography of the area.
5. Why does the author mention local parks and squares in lines 14 when talking about the
Olmsted plan?
(A) To emphasize the difficulties facing adoption of the plan
(B) To illustrate the comprehensive nature of the plan
(C) To demonstrate an omission in the plan
(D) To describe Seattle's landscape prior to implementation of the plan
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about how citizens of Seattle received
the Olmsted Report?
(A) They were hostile to the report's conclusions.
(B) They ignored the Olmsted's findings.
(C) They supported the Olmsted's plans.
(D) They favored the city council's seeking advice from another firm.
7. According to the passage , when was the Olmsted Report officially accepted as the master plan
for the Seattle public park system?
(A) 1903
(B) 1907
(C) 1909
(D) 1913
8. The word sums in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) problems
(B) amounts
(C) services
(D) debts
9. According to the passage , which of the following was most directly influenced by the
Alaska-Yukon- Pacific Exposition?
(A) The University of Washington
(B) Brookline, Massachusetts
(C) The mayor of Seattle
(D) The Seattle Parks Board
PASSAGE 55 ABCCB CABD
托福閱讀的高分思維
1.詞匯
從某種意義上來講，詞匯量的大小是TOEFL閱讀理解高分的基礎和關鍵。如果詞匯量沒有達到基本要求(五千以上)，縱然你有"葵花寶典"在手，也只能命喪ETS的"毒招"之下。所以，以犧牲詞匯量為代價的技巧練習簡直是一味巨毒無比的“五毒散”。
2.通過練習使學生養(yǎng)成高效的閱讀方法--即所謂的閱讀技巧
TOEFL的閱讀量非常大，一般的中國考生根本無法把文章全部讀完，所謂的"掃讀法"、"跳讀法"和"略讀法"也只能適用于少數(shù)類型的文章，根本不能解決本質(zhì)問題。那么，文章到底應該怎么讀法呢?一句話，主動地閱讀文章的關鍵部位。所謂主動是指不能象一般的閱讀那樣完全被動地接受信息，而應該不斷的進行思考和預測;所謂關鍵部位，主要是每一段的開頭和結(jié)尾部分。由于TOEFL的閱讀理解文章全部選自于正式出版物，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)非常完整和嚴謹，而且出現(xiàn)的邏輯模式也是屈指可數(shù)。經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)的訓練，考生的預測可以做到非常準確的程度。這樣，通過閱讀文章的幾處關鍵部位，就能很快地把握整個文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)在的邏輯關系，也就解決了問題的70%。
3.解題訓練
排除法恐怕是一直以來大多數(shù)學生在解閱讀理題目時使用最多的方法。事實上，這種方法具有致命的缺點：干擾大、費時間。更有效和迅速的辦法是讀完題干之后，就在腦子反映出一個模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在選項中尋找接近的答案進行判斷。這種能力必須在平時的訓練和講解中逐漸養(yǎng)成和加強，決非什么技巧之類的東西可以替代。
托福閱讀介詞短語的積累
一、帶-ing詞尾的介詞
barring：except，not including除....外
concerning：about，regarding論及，關于
excepting=except
failing：in default of因缺少...;在缺少。..時
following：after in time;as a sequel to在....以后
including：if we include如果包括我;......包括在內(nèi)
pending：during/until在.....期間/直到.....為止
regarding：about，concerning，in respect of
二、成語介詞
according tas stated by/ in proportion根據(jù)...../依照.....
ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，還有
apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除.....外/且莫說;除....之外尚有
as for：with regard to至于
as from：on and after(a specified time)從一特定時 間開始
as of=as from
as regards：about，concerning至于，就。..而論
as twith regard to關于，至于
because of：on account of，by reason
but for：without the help or hindrane etc.of假如沒有....(幫助或障礙等);要不是
by means of憑借......的方法
due to，because of由于
except for：not including，other than除了
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