贊美另類雙語(yǔ)故事
無(wú)法拒絕另類。另類的生活充滿自由和誘惑?？墒?，我們也無(wú)法投身另類。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了贊美另類雙語(yǔ)故事,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
贊美另類雙語(yǔ)故事
IN 1956 William Whyte argued in his bestseller, “The Organisation Man”, that companies were so in love with “well-rounded” executives that they fought a “fight against genius”. Today many suffer from the opposite prejudice. Software firms gobble up anti-social geeks. Hedge funds hoover up equally oddball quants. Hollywood bends over backwards to accommodate the whims of creatives. And policymakers look to rule-breaking entrepreneurs to create jobs. Unlike the school playground, the marketplace is kind to misfits.
1956年威廉·懷特在他的暢銷書籍《組織人》中提出了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。他認(rèn)為公司過(guò)于喜愛(ài)那些“全才型”的總裁，以致于許多公司已經(jīng)到了“和天才為敵”的地步。今時(shí)今日，這種偏見(jiàn)體現(xiàn)在相反的方面。軟件公司大肆招收不合群的極客[注1]。對(duì)沖基金同樣急于吸入怪異的寬客[注2]。好萊塢竭盡全力來(lái)遷就創(chuàng)意人才的心血來(lái)潮。政治家們則指望打破規(guī)章的創(chuàng)業(yè)家來(lái)制造就業(yè)。和學(xué)校操場(chǎng)不同，市場(chǎng)對(duì)于這些另類分外和善。
Recruiters have noticed that the mental qualities that make a good computer programmer resemble those that might get you diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome: an obsessive interest in narrow subjects; a passion for numbers, patterns and machines; an addiction to repetitive tasks; and a lack of sensitivity to social cues. Some joke that the internet was invented by and for people who are “on the spectrum”, as they put it in the Valley. Online, you can communicate without the ordeal of meeting people.
招聘人士已經(jīng)注意到一個(gè)優(yōu)秀電腦編程員的心理特質(zhì)非常接近于阿斯伯格綜合癥[注3]患者特點(diǎn)：對(duì)于一些狹窄的課題有強(qiáng)迫性的興趣，熱愛(ài)數(shù)字、規(guī)律和機(jī)器，對(duì)重復(fù)性的工作著迷，對(duì)于社交信號(hào)則置若罔然。正如硅谷人開(kāi)玩笑所說(shuō)的那樣，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是那些“位于自閉癥光譜”[注4]上的人為了自己而發(fā)明的。在網(wǎng)上，你可以和別人聯(lián)系，而不需要承受見(jiàn)面帶來(lái)的煎熬。
Wired magazine once called it “the Geek Syndrome”. Speaking of internet firms founded in the past decade, Peter Thiel, an early Facebook investor, told the New Yorker that: “The people who run them are sort of autistic.” Yishan Wong, an ex-Facebooker, wrote that Mark Zuckerberg, the founder, has “a touch of Asperger’s”, in that “he does not provide much active feedback or confirmation that he is listening to you.” Craig Newmark, the founder of Craigslist, says he finds the symptoms of Asperger’s “uncomfortably familiar” when he hears them listed.
《連線》雜志稱這種情況為“極客綜合癥”。Facebook的一位早期投資者彼得·提爾在接受《紐約客》訪問(wèn)談到過(guò)去十年建立的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司時(shí)曾這么說(shuō)：“這些公司的老板都是一定程度上的自閉癥患者。”Facebook前雇員黃易山曾撰文提到該公司的創(chuàng)始人馬克·扎克伯格有“一點(diǎn)自閉癥的味道”，原因是“他不會(huì)對(duì)你的話提供多少積極反饋或肯定，讓你知道他正在聽(tīng)你說(shuō)話?！笨死赘穹诸?a href='http://www.rzpgrj.com/chuangyee/guanggao/' target='_blank'>廣告網(wǎng)的創(chuàng)始人克雷格·紐馬克說(shuō)過(guò)當(dāng)他第一次聽(tīng)到阿斯伯格綜合癥的癥狀時(shí)他覺(jué)得這些癥狀“熟悉得讓他感到不適”。
Similar traits are common in the upper reaches of finance. The quants have taken over from the preppies. The hero of Michael Lewis’s book “The Big Short”, Michael Burry, a hedge-fund manager, is a loner who wrote a stockmarket blog as a hobby while he was studying to be a doctor. He attracted so much attention from money managers that he quit medicine to start his own hedge fund, Scion Capital. After noticing that there was something awry with the mortgage market, he made a killing betting that it would crash. “The one guy that I could trust in the middle of this crisis,” Mr Lewis told National Public Radio, “was this fellow with Asperger’s and a glass eye.”
在金融業(yè)的高端類似的特點(diǎn)也很常見(jiàn)。如今寬客已經(jīng)取代了傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)精英[注5]。邁克爾·劉易斯的紀(jì)實(shí)著作《大空頭》中的主人公邁克爾·拜瑞性格孤僻。這位對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理在醫(yī)學(xué)院念書期間以撰寫股市博客作為消遣。他的博文吸引了大量資產(chǎn)管理人的注意，最終他放棄當(dāng)醫(yī)生開(kāi)始了自己的對(duì)沖基金-賽昂資本公司。后來(lái)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)按揭市場(chǎng)存在問(wèn)題，于是下了重注賭房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將會(huì)崩市，賺了個(gè)杯滿缽盈。劉易斯在接受國(guó)家公共電臺(tái)采訪時(shí)說(shuō)：“在(金融)危機(jī)中我唯一可以信任的人就是這位患有阿斯伯格綜合癥，戴著一個(gè)假眼珠的老兄?！?/p>
Entrepreneurs also display a striking number of mental oddities. Julie Login of Cass Business School surveyed a group of entrepreneurs and found that 35% of them said that they suffered from dyslexia, compared with 10% of the population as a whole and 1% of professional managers. Prominent dyslexics include the founders of Ford, General Electric, IBM and IKEA, not to mention more recent successes such as Charles Schwab (the founder of a stockbroker), Richard Branson (the Virgin Group), John Chambers (Cisco) and Steve Jobs (Apple). There are many possible explanations for this. Dyslexics learn how to delegate tasks early (getting other people to do their homework, for example). They gravitate to activities that require few formal qualifications and demand little reading or writing.
創(chuàng)業(yè)家也展現(xiàn)出一些驚人的心理怪僻特點(diǎn)。凱斯商學(xué)院的朱莉·羅金調(diào)查了一群創(chuàng)業(yè)家，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中有35%稱自己患有讀寫困難癥[注6]。相較之下，讀寫困難癥在全體人口中所占的比例只有10%，在職業(yè)經(jīng)理人中該比例更只有1%。著名的讀寫困難癥患者包括福特、通用電氣、IBM和宜家這些公司的創(chuàng)始人，更不用說(shuō)近年來(lái)的一些成功人士，查爾斯·施瓦布(一間證券經(jīng)濟(jì)公司的創(chuàng)始人)，理查德·布蘭森(維珍集團(tuán))，約翰·錢伯斯(思科)，還有斯蒂夫·喬布斯(蘋果)。這背后有很多可能性。讀寫困難癥患者從很小起就學(xué)會(huì)了如何分配工作(例如讓其他同學(xué)幫自己做功課)。他們自然而然地趨向于不需要正式文憑，也不需要多少讀寫能力的活動(dòng)。
Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) is another entrepreneur-friendly affliction: people who cannot focus on one thing for long can be disastrous employees but founts of new ideas. Some studies suggest that people with ADD are six times more likely than average to end up running their own businesses. David Neeleman, the founder of JetBlue, a budget airline, says: “My ADD brain naturally searches for better ways of doing things. With the disorganisation, procrastination, inability to focus and all the other bad things that come with ADD, there also come creativity and the ability to take risks.” Paul Orfalea, the founder of Kinko’s and a hotch-potch of businesses since, has both ADD and dyslexia. “I get bored easily; that is a great motivator,” he once said. “I think everybody should have dyslexia and ADD.”
多動(dòng)癥[注7]則是另外一種和創(chuàng)業(yè)家有著不解之緣的病癥。那些無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在一件事上集中注意力的人會(huì)是非常糟糕的雇員，但同時(shí)也可以是新點(diǎn)子的源泉。一些研究表明多動(dòng)癥患者最后自己經(jīng)商的機(jī)會(huì)是普通人的六倍。廉價(jià)航空公司捷藍(lán)的創(chuàng)始人大衛(wèi)·尼爾曼說(shuō)過(guò)：“我的多動(dòng)癥大腦自然而然地在不停搜尋更好地行事方式。多動(dòng)癥帶來(lái)缺乏組織、拖沓、無(wú)法集中和其它各種不利因素，但是它也帶來(lái)了創(chuàng)意和冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力?！北Ａ_·奧法里是金考快印的創(chuàng)始人，之后還創(chuàng)建過(guò)五花八門的各種公司，他同時(shí)患有讀寫困難癥和多動(dòng)癥。他曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“我很容易對(duì)事物厭煩，這給了我很大的動(dòng)力。我覺(jué)得人人都應(yīng)該患上讀寫困難癥和多動(dòng)癥?！?/p>
Where does that leave the old-fashioned organisation man? He will do just fine. The more companies hire brilliant mavericks, the more they need sensible managers to keep the company grounded. Someone has to ensure that dull but necessary tasks are done. Someone has to charm customers (and perhaps lawmakers). This task is best done by those who don’t give the impression that they think normal people are stupid. (Sheryl Sandberg, Mr Zuckerberg’s deputy, does this rather well for Facebook.) Many start-ups are saved from disaster only by replacing the founders with professional managers. Those managers, of course, must learn to work with geeks.
那么老派的組織人還有什么可做呢?放心，他不會(huì)有問(wèn)題。公司雇用的高明異類人才越多，它們也就需要越明智的經(jīng)理來(lái)控制這些人才?？偟糜腥藖?lái)確保完成那些枯燥但必需的工作?？偟糜腥藖?lái)討好顧客(或許還有政客)。這項(xiàng)工作最好還是交給那些不會(huì)流露出“普通人是笨蛋”想法的雇員。(扎克伯格的副手謝麗爾·桑德博格在這一點(diǎn)上就為Facebook做得很好。)許多新興企業(yè)都是在職業(yè)經(jīng)理人取代創(chuàng)始者之后才被拯救起來(lái)的。當(dāng)然，那些經(jīng)理人要學(xué)會(huì)和極客共事。
Geekery in the genes
基因中的極客因子
The clustering of people with unusual minds is causing new problems. People who work for brainy companies tend to marry other brainy people. Simon Baron-Cohen of Cambridge University argues that when two hyper-systematisers meet and mate, they are more likely to have children who suffer from Asperger’s or its more severe cousin, autism. He has shown that children in Eindhoven, a technology hub in the Netherlands, are two to four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than children in two other Dutch towns of similar size. He has also shown that Cambridge students who study mathematics, physics and engineering are more likely to have autistic relatives than students studying English literature. Most employers are leery of hiring severely autistic people, but not all. Specialist People, a Danish firm, matches autistic workers with jobs that require a good memory or a high tolerance for repetition.
思維另類的人聚集在一起會(huì)引起新的問(wèn)題。給高智商公司打工的人傾向于和其他高智商人士結(jié)婚。劍橋大學(xué)的西蒙·巴隆-科恩認(rèn)為如果兩個(gè)超系統(tǒng)化的人相遇并繁衍后代，他們的子女患有阿斯伯格綜合癥或其更嚴(yán)重的相關(guān)病癥-自閉癥的機(jī)會(huì)更大。他發(fā)現(xiàn)在荷蘭科技中心艾德霍芬出生的兒童患自閉癥的機(jī)會(huì)是另外兩個(gè)人口類似的荷蘭城市中兒童的二至四倍。他也發(fā)現(xiàn)在劍橋大學(xué)就讀數(shù)學(xué)、物理學(xué)和工程的學(xué)生比就讀英國(guó)文學(xué)的學(xué)生有更高的機(jī)會(huì)有患自閉癥的親戚。大多數(shù)的雇主對(duì)于雇用高度自閉癥患者都存有戒心，但也有例外。丹麥的“專家人”公司就提供服務(wù)把自閉癥患者和那些需要出色記憶力以及對(duì)重復(fù)活動(dòng)有很高容忍度的崗位配對(duì)。
More broadly, the replacement of organisation man with disorganisation man is changing the balance of power. Those square pegs may not have an easy time in school. They may be mocked by jocks and ignored at parties. But these days no serious organisation can prosper without them. As Kiran Malhotra, a Silicon Valley networker, puts it: “It’s actually cool to be a geek.”
從更廣的視角看，組織人被無(wú)組織人代替正在改變權(quán)力的平衡。那些另類人士在上學(xué)時(shí)可能并不輕松。他們?cè)馐苓\(yùn)動(dòng)好手們的嘲諷，在聚會(huì)上無(wú)人搭理他們。但今時(shí)今日任何認(rèn)真的組織都需要這類人才方能成功。正如一位硅谷的關(guān)系網(wǎng)人士吉蘭·馬爾霍特拉所說(shuō)的那樣：“當(dāng)極客其實(shí)挺酷的?！?/p>
譯者注：
1 - Geek，英語(yǔ)本意為性格古怪者，但隨時(shí)代改變賦予新的意義。過(guò)去一般指“電腦專家或愛(ài)好者”，或是“過(guò)度的書呆子”，為貶義詞。過(guò)去十年中這個(gè)詞開(kāi)始重興，帶上了一定的正面因素，很多人以此自居，由此引出“極客”這一譯法。具體概念有很多不同的定義，大體來(lái)說(shuō)，極客對(duì)科技，尤其是計(jì)算機(jī)和新媒體很感興趣，是某一方面的專才，喜歡在生活中應(yīng)用書本或是學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)，對(duì)于更廣泛的社交和常識(shí)不感興趣，醉心于某些特立獨(dú)行的活動(dòng)或領(lǐng)域。和“宅文化”有共通之處，但細(xì)節(jié)上有區(qū)別。
2 - Quant，Quantitative analyst的簡(jiǎn)稱，最早關(guān)注于投資管理、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和衍生品的定價(jià)問(wèn)題，后來(lái)拓寬到幾乎所有在金融中應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的領(lǐng)域。和financial engineer(金融工程師)意義相當(dāng)，近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)“寬客”這一譯名，一般為數(shù)學(xué)、物理學(xué)科，而不是傳統(tǒng)金融學(xué)科教育出來(lái)的人才，同時(shí)具有相當(dāng)?shù)碾娔X技術(shù)。在很多層面上和極客有共通點(diǎn)。
3 - Asperger’s syndrome，阿斯伯格綜合癥，有時(shí)被看作自閉癥的一種(學(xué)術(shù)上有爭(zhēng)議)。和一般自閉癥不同，阿氏綜合癥患者的語(yǔ)言和認(rèn)知發(fā)育一般不受到障礙，對(duì)日常生活影響不大，因此一般不需要接受治療。主要包括社交溝通困難，偏執(zhí)，興趣狹窄等特點(diǎn)。確實(shí)有阿氏綜合癥患者是數(shù)學(xué)天才，但這是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象。
4 - on the spectrum是指Autism spectrum，自閉癥光譜，廣義的所有社交溝通上表現(xiàn)出障礙的病例總稱。代表了從自閉癥到阿斯伯格綜合癥等等一系列相似的發(fā)育障礙。
5 - preppy，或prep，是美國(guó)亞文化的一個(gè)概念，傳統(tǒng)上指美國(guó)東北部私立大學(xué)(像常春藤大學(xué))的預(yù)備學(xué)校，就讀這些學(xué)校的很多學(xué)生都是家庭背景殷實(shí)，人脈良好。類似于社會(huì)上層的概念。這一概念在美國(guó)是非常復(fù)雜的，包含一個(gè)人的說(shuō)話方式、口音、詞匯、舉止、禮儀等方面。在這里是指擅于交際，搞教育水平的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)精英，和極客對(duì)比。
6 - dyslexia，讀寫困難癥，是一個(gè)很廣義的概念，包括很多學(xué)習(xí)障礙，最典型的一種是閱讀障礙，會(huì)影響一個(gè)人閱讀理解的能力。患者無(wú)法順利進(jìn)行閱讀活動(dòng)，經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練治療可以進(jìn)行閱讀，但是速度較慢，在沒(méi)有上下文拿出單個(gè)詞語(yǔ)時(shí)理解拼寫往往會(huì)有問(wèn)題。此障礙和智商無(wú)關(guān)。
7 - Attention deficit disorder (ADD)，多動(dòng)癥。嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，“多動(dòng)癥”是指注意力匱乏障礙Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)，底下有三個(gè)分類表現(xiàn)，其中表現(xiàn)為注意障礙為主的稱為ADD，其特點(diǎn)為注意障礙但不“多動(dòng)”，主要表現(xiàn)為懶散、困惑、迷惘、動(dòng)力不足，伴較多焦慮、抑郁，有較多的學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題, 而較少伴品行問(wèn)題。
俗語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)：
bends over backwards - 非常盡力，竭盡所能去完成某一件事。字面意思為“下腰”，比喻要花大功夫才能做到。
make a killing - 大獲成功，尤指賺到大錢，和中文賭博俗語(yǔ)“大殺三方”有異曲同工之妙。
square peg - 來(lái)自諺語(yǔ)Square peg in a round hole，插在圓洞里的方棍子，指和周圍格格不入的另類
jock - 美語(yǔ)，代表運(yùn)動(dòng)員的一類刻板印象，通常指高中或大學(xué)里青少年亞文化圈子里那些英俊強(qiáng)壯，頭腦愚蠢，態(tài)度傲慢，性格暴躁，受女孩子歡迎，欺負(fù)弱者的校隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員形象。
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贊美另類雙語(yǔ)故事
