新托福閱讀題型解析之分類填表題解題技巧
眾所周知托福閱讀考試當(dāng)中有10大類題型，除了圖表題近年來很少看到之外，其它9類題型在考試的都是會出現(xiàn)的。如果你在托福備考的過程當(dāng)中對于這些題型沒有了解其它結(jié)構(gòu)以及解題方法，那么對于你的托福閱讀考試提分是非常不利的。這里小編為大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x填表題解題技巧，希望對大家有幫助。
新托福閱讀題型解析之分類填表題解題技巧
托福閱讀題型解析之填表題
這類題型出現(xiàn)的較少，大家也可以了解一下。
OG中明確給出了本類題目計分的原則。分類填表題給出的表一般有2類或者3類組成;有四種情況：2類5正確選項;3類5正確選項;2類7正確選項;3類7正確選項。對于有5個正確選項得題，一共值3分，答對5個得3分，答對4個得2分，答對3個得1分，答對2個或2個以下不得分;對于有7個正確選項的題，共值4分，答對7個得4分，答對6個得3分，答對5個得2分，答對4個得1分，答對3個或3個以下不得分。
這種題，無論是分成2類還是3類，都肯定是文章中明確給出的。而且應(yīng)該是文章寫作的線索，是文章劃分結(jié)構(gòu)的依據(jù)。都有很明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)上的標(biāo)志，有助于區(qū)分開。正確選項，一般都在文中以小列舉的形式出現(xiàn)，只要把握了文章結(jié)構(gòu)，選出來并不困難。我認(rèn)為這種題比較容易。練習(xí)幾次就能找到竅門，應(yīng)該好好把握這種肥而不膩的題。
托福閱讀題最重要的是找到閱讀段的主題句，分析出出題者的意圖，然后根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行答題?？忌谧鐾懈ｉ喿x題的時候需要重視開頭段，結(jié)尾段和過渡段，在這三個地方，一般會包含著托福閱讀段的真實題義。
托福閱讀技巧：正確率優(yōu)先 速度跟后
托福閱讀有的時候真的是很惱人，不管我們怎么背單詞，不管我們怎么做題，他的分?jǐn)?shù)就是在那里像吃了秤砣一樣，巍然不動，其實很多時候，不是我們不努力，而是我們做事的順序做反了，有點欲速則不達(dá)的感覺。
其實當(dāng)我們在備考托福閱讀的時候，很多考友只是很機械的，將新托福突破口TPO做了一遍又一遍，又一遍。但是托福考試與物理化學(xué)是不一樣的，做物理化學(xué)題的時候，我們每做一道題，有可能就會掌握一種新的解題思路。
但是托福是個英語考試，英語考試其實我們可以把它想象成一個飯盒，它需要掌握的知識是非常有限的，這些只是其實我們早就學(xué)過了，托?？荚嚥]有考到什么新的知識，托?？荚囈蟮?，僅僅是要求我們將之前的知識熟練運用即可!
但是，各位考友需要注意的是，托?？荚囁枰闹R，其實應(yīng)該是對于“單詞、語法、邏輯”的“快速、準(zhǔn)確、細(xì)致”的理解，托福閱讀的核心其實就是這些，也就這么簡單!但是問題是不管你做多少遍題，本身都是不可能去幫助你掌握“單詞、語法、邏輯”的，因為做題做一遍就是過了，里面的單詞我們是沒有背下來的，里面考到了什么語法呢?
讓我們說，我們也真的說不出來?同樣的，與語法相關(guān)的邏輯我們也沒有得到任何的提高。因為我們看到的都是一句一句單獨的句子，這些句子是已經(jīng)將“單詞、語法、邏輯”整合起來了。我們做題看到的一個一個的句子，這就好比是我們看到的馬路上的一臺一臺的汽車，托?？荚嚳嫉暮诵氖沁@些汽車?yán)锩娴牧悴考墓ぷ髟恚墒侨绻覀冎蛔诼愤吙雌嚨脑?，是根本看不到這些汽車?yán)锩娴墓ぷ髟淼摹Ｎ覀冏龆嗌俦轭}，我們就看了多少遍汽車在我們的面前飛馳而過，但是仍然是不可能知道這些車?yán)锩娴墓ぷ髟淼摹?/p>
請注意，這里并不是說不可以做題，我們是可以做題的。但是我們并不應(yīng)該僅僅是去掐時間20分鐘做完題這么簡單。
其實當(dāng)我們在前期做題的時候，應(yīng)該是不限時做題的，我們應(yīng)該把做題的時間拉長，換句話說，就是我們就會有充分的時間，去研究里面每一個單詞，每一個語法點的邏輯，以及弄懂每一句話是什么意思，當(dāng)然還包括弄懂前后文的邏輯發(fā)展，這都是很重要的。
做完托福閱讀題之后，也不是把題一下就扔在一邊，我們還應(yīng)該，去反思里面的錯題，因為我們都已經(jīng)不限時做題了，那么我們?yōu)槭裁催€會做錯題呢?原因很簡單!就是因為我們掌握的知識里面是有錯誤的地方，或者我們有的知識根本學(xué)的不扎實!因此我們就要把那些題目做對了，但是我們不知道為什么，以及做錯了的題弄清楚，我們?yōu)槭裁村e了，到底是有什么知識點我們不清楚?!自己弄不懂就去求教高手，只有這樣我們才能一點一點提升我們的托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)。
托福閱讀練習(xí)：IBT樣題分析
Reading
(1) The northern spotted owl is the only species whose survival has been definitively proven to depend on old growth. For at least a dozen other species, ranging from the marten to the pileated woodpecker, a reservoir of old growth habitat may also be essential. But using radio collars, researcher Eric Forsman followed foraging flights from owl nests in the broken tops of ancient Douglas first and fed the data into a computer. The computer-generated maps revealed an overwhelming preference for hunting in forests over two hundred years old, even if to do so the owls have to travel to the limits of their ranges, bypassing plenty of slightly younger forest en route to a kill. The owl needs old growth, and lots of it. But he probably won’t get it.
(2) Early in the 1980s government biologists decided that of the 1,000 or so nesting pairs of northern spotted owls in Oregon, 400 were needed to guarantee survival of the species. They initially proposed setting aside 1,000 acres for each nesting pair. Later studies showed an average pair needed 2,200 acres and in some conditions of terrain, well over 3,000. But Bureau of Land Management timber managers agreed to a mere 300 acres of per pair when, as part of an interagency agreement, it took responsibility for 90 owls. Later the agency’s director indicated that the Bureau had no legal obligation to honor the agreement if it interfered with timber sales. Some years after Forsman reported his original findings, population geneticist Russell Lande completed another analysis of the owl and its habitat, concluding that the owl was headed for certain extinction. Nevertheless, in 1987 officials at the US Forestry Service and at US Fish and Wildlife decided not to list the owl as threatened or endangered.
(3) Inconveniently for the logging industry, the little owl has turned out to be anything but insignificant. As early as 1968, a small group of researchers were applying modeling techniques to forest ecosystems. Ecosystems research is politically awkward; it considers nothing by itself. In the Douglas fir forests of the Cascades and the Coast Ranges the owl’s ecological role is to cull and keep healthy the population of small mammals that are its favorite foods, among them the fungus-eating California red-backed vole and the northern flying squirrel.
(4) A flying squirrel would not launch himself into space from the safety of an old-growth fir’s wrinkled bark, nor a vole emerge from his burrows under and old-growth down log, were they not also gourmets. They are after truffles, the extremely edible fungus that is found near the roots of trees and plants.
(5) It has been known for a century that woody plants, and especially conifers, develop symbiotic relationships between the tips of their roots and certain fungi. n These fungus-root combinations are called mycorrhizae. n But their full interconnectedness with the forest ecosystem was not widely understood, even among botanists, until 1977, when a zoologist and mushroom expert began working as a team. Their research explained that when the fungi such as mushrooms and truffles wrap themselves tightly about root tips, they perform the spongelike services that fungi do best: absorbing minerals, nitrogen and water from the soil and feeding them to the tree. nThey also produce growth-regulating chemicals that induce the tree to produce new root tips and strengthen the tree’s immune system, giving it a longer life span. n
(6) Squirrels, mice and voles, along with certain insects, eat the fruiting bodies of the fungi—truffles—and carry the spores to new sites in their intestines. Though some mycorrhizal fungi fruit above ground as mushrooms and scatter their spores on the wind, truffles are entirely earthbound. Unless animals eat them, they don’t reproduce. And it is these fungi that are adeptly conserving moisture on the steep slopes where ground water runs off rapidly and where foresters have a hard time growing new trees. As their spores ripen, the truffles begin to emit strong and distinctive odors—fruity, fishy, cheesy, garlicky—so that the rodents can home in on them with a minimum of digging. Squirrels that, for whatever reason, can’t do this efficiently enough, of course, get eaten by owls.
Reading Questions
1. According to paragraph 1, what is true about northern spotted owls?
A. They fly relatively long distances to get preferred foods.
B. They have moved their nests to trees in relatively young forests.
C. Their flights sometimes surpass the limits of the radio collar.
D. There are fewer northern spotted owls than there are martens and pileated woodpeckers.
2. According to paragraph 2, what action did the Bureau of Land management take?
A. It announced the owl was in danger of extinction.
B. It set aside 1000 acres of land for nesting.
C. It went to court against the timber managers.
D. It decided to ignore a previous interagency agreement.
3. In paragraph 3, which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in major ways or leave out important information.
Inconveniently for the logging industry, the little owl has turned out to be anything but insignificant.
A. In spite of the nuisance of caring for it, the wood companies have seen the importance of the small owl.
B. Because the owl is small, the lumber industry has said that it will not be convenient to turn forests into state parks.
C. The owl has ultimately become extremely important, to the displeasure of the logging industry.
D. Fearing that it was too much trouble, the timber company decided to turn over the significant job of caring for the owl.
4. The word awkward in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. liberal
B. motivated
C. delicate
D. aggressive
5. The word cull in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. thin
B. nurture
C. track
D. attract
6. In paragraph 3, what does the author say is challenging about ecosystem research?
A. It has to look at how all the parts are related to one another.
B. It requires costly computer systems for modeling.
C. It relies on political funding to support its programs.
D. It is so new that an accepted methodology is till being worked out.
7. According to paragraph 4, why does the author say the flying squirrel and the vole are gourmets?
A. To show how unnecessary their killings are
B. To emphasize their discriminating eating habits
C. To contrast the behaviors of flying squirrels and voles
D. To demonstrate the decayed state of old growth habitats
8. In paragraph 5, all of the following statements about mycorrhizae are true EXCEPT
A. They are symbiotic life forms.
B. They allow fungus to give the tree minerals.
C. They play a critical role in forests.
D. They infuse chlorophyll into the roots.
9. Look at the four squares [n] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In trade for all this, the tree supplies sugars that the chlorophyll-lacking fungi cannot manufacture for themselves.
Where would the sentence best fit?
n 1
n 2
n 3
n 4
10. The word they in paragraph 6 refers to
A. bodies
B. mushrooms
C. truffles
D. animals
11. The phrase adeptly in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
A. precariously
B. competently
C. inconspicuously
D. generously
12. According to the information in paragraph 6, which of the following can be inferred about steep hills which are not covered by mycorrhizai fungi?
A. The squirrels would come to dig there for other foods.
B. There would be insufficient moisture for new tree growth.
C. The soil would have an unpleasant odor.
D. The fungus spores would fly over them to more distant terrain.
13. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas. This question is worth 2 points.
This ecology of old growth habitats has been found to be complex and highly interconnected.
? _____________________________________________
? _____________________________________________
? _____________________________________________
Answer choices
? Ecosystems research was carried out in Douglas fir forests near the Cascades.
? Central to the old growth ecosystem was the fungus that grows around the roots of conifer trees.
? Government officials have provided backing for the old growth habitats by protecting rare species.
? Researchers gathered information about owls’ foraging behaviors and began to understand how truffles were linked to a wide web of life forms in old growth habitats.
? Typical of the old growth symbiotic relationships were the small animals which came to eat the truffles growing near old growth, but which in turn went on to spread the truffle spores.
? In contrast to many old growth species, the northern spotted owl is likely destined to become extinct.
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新托福閱讀題型解析之分類填表題解題技巧
