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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) > 英語(yǔ)寫作 > 英語(yǔ)寫作方法 > 托福獨(dú)立寫作中的常見錯(cuò)誤詳解

托福獨(dú)立寫作中的常見錯(cuò)誤詳解

時(shí)間: 騰宇1218 分享

托福獨(dú)立寫作中的常見錯(cuò)誤詳解

  托??荚囍校胍玫礁叻质敲總€(gè)托??忌脑竿?,那么如何才能讓自己的托福寫作得到高分?小編為大家整理了關(guān)于新托福寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤的介紹,希望對(duì)大家的考試有所幫助。

  托福獨(dú)立寫作中的常見錯(cuò)誤詳解

  題目:

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: For future success, relating well to others is more important than studying hard at school.

  某學(xué)員的觀點(diǎn)為Studying hard is more important for future success,并完成了以下的段落:

  [Topic Sentence]First of all, studying hard at school can lay a good foundation. [Explanation] Medicine and law are both need long time to study’s subject. People should learn at least three years to have a basic recognition. [Example]For example, one day a man goes to the hospital. And the doctor who is curing the man says that I may not bring you a healthy body because I can get this job result from my friend. Actually I am not good at it. So I have a question is if you meet a doctor just like this, what would you do? And what would you think about it? This type of people cannot be allowed to appear in the society. It is an opposite instance.

  雖然此段的結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰,但是在內(nèi)容層面,還是有很多常見的托福寫作錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生:

  1.解釋與主題句邏輯聯(lián)系不緊密。解釋的精髓在于將主題句的抽象概念進(jìn)行第一層次的具體化,并起到把主題與例子聯(lián)系起來的橋梁作用。但是,以上文段當(dāng)中問題比較明顯。首先,主題句中的要點(diǎn)在于hard,而解釋的部分卻表達(dá)了long time. 時(shí)間長(zhǎng)跟努不努力沒有關(guān)系。

  Problematic: Medicine and law are both need long time to study’s subject. People should learn at least three years to have a basic recognition.

  Revised: The success of many elites in different fields(埋下伏筆,為例子做鋪墊)is the result of unrelenting efforts(同義改寫,呼應(yīng)主題句)in their school days.

  2.例證欠缺說服力差。例子需要圍繞主題句和解釋部分的邏輯展開,比如這道題,最核心的邏輯鏈條便是由studying hard帶來的success。作者想用一個(gè)反例來說明如果不好好學(xué)習(xí),能力不夠是沒法在社會(huì)上生存的。但是在表達(dá)方式上過于口語(yǔ)化,而且語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量不高。

  Problematic: For example, one day a man goes to the hospital. And the doctor who is curing the man says that I may not bring you a healthy body because I can get this job result from my friend. Actually I am not good at it. So I have a question is if you meet a doctor just like this, what would you do? And what would you think about it? This type of people cannot be allowed to appear in the society. It is an opposite instance.

  Revised: Doctors serve as an excellent example. [正例]In order to become successful doctors, medical students must read thousands of professional books and papers at school, take numerous tests and spend long hours in the laboratory. No one can deny that hard work at school greatly contributes to their reputation and expertise. Patients will be more comfortable receiving medical treatment from these doctors. [反例]Conversely, no one is willing to see a doctor who is poor in academics but good at establishing social connections.

  段落開頭的格式:

  英文段落開頭的格式分為兩種,縮進(jìn)式和齊頭式。

  縮進(jìn)式:英文段落開頭的縮進(jìn)式與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的段落開頭很相似。在段落開頭第一個(gè)單詞之前空出4至8個(gè)字符。采用這種方式的托福寫作備考,段落與段落之間不用空行。

  以上就是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于新托福寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤的介紹,希望大家看完有所了解!

  托福寫作中冠詞誤用

  一、冠詞省略現(xiàn)象

  有些考生在托福寫作時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)省略掉冠詞,造成冠詞誤用的現(xiàn)象。冠詞省略主要出現(xiàn)在以下幾種情況中:

  1. 固定詞組中、某些專有名詞前省略冠詞

  在此類固定詞組中省略冠詞的現(xiàn)象很普遍。比如,在漢語(yǔ)“養(yǎng)成一個(gè)好習(xí)慣”中,我們完全可以省去量詞而不影響表達(dá),但在英語(yǔ)中卻不能省。當(dāng)中國(guó)學(xué)生使用英語(yǔ)名詞時(shí),漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的影響就出現(xiàn)了,再加上記憶固定詞組時(shí)存在偏差,省略冠詞就很容易出現(xiàn)。在某些專有名詞前要用定冠詞,如果記憶不準(zhǔn)就可能省去冠詞,再加上漢語(yǔ)的專有名詞前沒有相應(yīng)的功能詞修飾語(yǔ),母語(yǔ)遷移也可導(dǎo)致省去定冠詞。例如:“in (the) course of learning English”,“get into (a) good habit of saving water”等。

  2. 在形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞前省略定冠詞

  這種情況下漢語(yǔ)的影響更大。漢語(yǔ)里說“……比……大/小等;最……”等等,加上對(duì)英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法不熟悉,考生在使用它們時(shí)省略“the”就不足為奇了。出現(xiàn)較多的是在“the more…the more…”這一句型中省略“the”和在多音節(jié)形容詞最高級(jí)前的“most”前省略“the”。英語(yǔ)序數(shù)詞除用于列舉時(shí)應(yīng)與定冠詞連用,但漢語(yǔ)通常用“第……”的形式來表達(dá),再加上對(duì)序數(shù)詞使用規(guī)則模糊,考生也傾向于在序數(shù)詞前不用“the”。例如:“(The) more you read, the more you know.”,“(the) most important of all is the pollution”,“drive the car (the) first time”等。

  3. 再次提到前文提到過的人或事物時(shí)省略定冠詞

  定冠詞的一種用法就是在表示前面的話里或上文提到過的人或事物。但是有些考生在再次提到前文所提到的人或事物時(shí)不用定冠詞,例如:“There are many reasons of (the) shortage of fresh water”。語(yǔ)境中所指確定時(shí)應(yīng)使用定冠詞,但在漢語(yǔ)中不必這樣。比如在“該校的大部分學(xué)生”中,在“學(xué)生”前漢語(yǔ)不需要有相應(yīng)的功能詞來限定它,但英語(yǔ)卻不行,應(yīng)說“most of the students on campus”。從這個(gè)例子我們可以看出漢語(yǔ)的影響是存在的。

  二、冠詞冗余現(xiàn)象

  1. 在序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞前多用了定冠詞

  在分項(xiàng)列舉時(shí)序數(shù)詞不與“the”連用,基數(shù)詞通常也不用“the”修飾。但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多在數(shù)詞前多用了冠詞的情況。例如:“(The) first, with the development of…”,“For (the) 2000 of years, people take it from rain, snow…”考生過度概括了序數(shù)詞的用法規(guī)則,或記住了一般規(guī)則而沒記住例外情況。他們可能知道在序數(shù)詞前一般要用“the”,于是在基數(shù)詞前不加限制地過度使用而產(chǎn)生了偏差。

  2. 在固定詞組中多用了冠詞

  此類現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的主要原因是對(duì)詞組沒有完全掌握,也可能是受到了母語(yǔ)的影響。按漢語(yǔ)的思維方式,有些詞組是不該出現(xiàn)冠詞的,但考生還是使用了冠詞??忌⒁獾接⒄Z(yǔ)中存在冠詞,而且名詞前一般要用冠詞,所以見到名詞在不能確定用不用冠詞時(shí)就干脆用了冠詞。例如:“for an instance”,“Furthermore, the all sorts of pollution to fresh water make…”等。

  3. 在泛指名詞、抽象名詞和有其他修飾語(yǔ)的名詞前多用了冠詞

  我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)許多在泛指名詞、抽象名詞和有其它修飾語(yǔ)的名詞前多用了冠詞的情況,例如:

  “I usually talk about the Practice Makes Perfect with my classmates.”這可能與名詞的復(fù)雜性有關(guān)??忌苍S分不清泛指名詞和特指名詞、抽象名詞和具體名詞,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)冠詞誤用的情況。

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