雅思寫作備考：倒裝句應(yīng)該怎么寫
在雅思寫作考試的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，有關(guān)于主題是否切題、句子是否連貫和準(zhǔn)確、句式是否多樣等。因此，平淡無奇句子完成不能引起考官的興趣。在下文中，學(xué)習(xí)啦就來和大家分析一下雅思寫作中常見的倒裝句應(yīng)該怎么寫吧。
雅思寫作備考：倒裝句應(yīng)該怎么寫
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go,lie, run等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動詞。例如：
Then came thechairman. 那時總裁來了。
Here is yourletter. 你的信。
2)表示運(yùn)動向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。例如：
Out rushed amissile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。
Ahead sat anold woman. 前面坐著一個老嫗。
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：
Here hecomes. 他來了。
Away they went. 他們走開了。
倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never,seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。例如：
從未見過如此糟糕的表演。
無論如何你不會找到這個問題的答案的。
母親一直到孩子入睡后離開房間。
當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room untilthe child fell asleep.
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒裝。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he alsoseverely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物，還狠狠批評了送禮的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student cameto visit her. 她剛出門，就有個學(xué)生來訪。
No sooner had she gone out than a studentcame to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個學(xué)生來訪。
so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
用這些詞表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 湯姆會講法語，杰克也會。
If you won't go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 湯姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
---It's raining hard.---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。
only在句首倒裝的情況。例如：
Only in thisway, can you learn English well. 只有這樣，你才能學(xué)好英語。
Only afterbeing asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才來參加會議。
如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。例如：
Only when heis seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重時，他才臥床休息。
as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前(形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。但需注意：
1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2)句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able todo the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但總不能讓人滿意。
注意：讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連
其他部分倒裝
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時，需倒裝。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move aninch. 他害怕得很，動也不敢動。
2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：
May you all behappy. 愿你們都快樂。
3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had,should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的話，就再試一次。
托福寫作185篇題庫范文附思路解析一
1. Why people attend college?
People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』
說明人們選擇上大學(xué)的具體原因(一個或者多個)：增加經(jīng)驗、拓展知識、開闊視野
為了實現(xiàn)理想(ideal; idealistic)(如，周恩來就是為中華之崛起而讀書)為了保證將來的就業(yè)機(jī)會 父母要求子女上大學(xué) 別人都上大學(xué)了，所以自己也選擇讀書 找不到工作
("無知"，總是一部分人做出某個選擇的理由。上大學(xué)如是[1]，去博物館如是[12]，從事危險運(yùn)動亦如是[43]。)
相關(guān)題目：[168]
『范文』
After graduating from high school many young people have the option to directly enter the work force. Most students who have the opportunity, however, decide to go to college before finding jobs (They attend college to obtain more choices,-higher salaries, and more opportunities for advancement in an increasingly competitive job market. Before attending college, students have a limited opportunity to specialize. After obtaining a specific college degree a job applicant can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs. For instance, applicants with Computer Science degrees would not only be qualified for jobs in high-tech companies, they would also be well prepared for any job with computer skills as a prerequisite. With a larger range of potential jobs to choose from, degree holders are more likely to find a job that suits their particular needs and interests.
Additionally, employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants. For example, many companies desire employees who are competent in more than one language and offer higher salaries to attract them. Even if a job applicant without a college degree has high standardized test scores, employers may still place a higher value on an applicant with similar test scores who also possesses credentials from a well-known university. Because of the extent to which a college degree is accepted by employers as proof of competence in a given field, college graduates are not only more likely to receive more job offers, they can also command higher salaries than applicants who lack college diplomas.
Finally, in addition to offering more choices and higher salaries, a college degree offers access to jobs with a clear path towards professional advancement. A B.S. in biology, for example, could allow a student to find a job in a lab after graduation, a first step on the road towards a career in scientific research. The same major could also be used to apply to medical school, and a career as a doctor. Both of these avenues would be unavailable without taking the first step of an undergraduate degree in biology.
2. Are parents the best teachers? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』
因觀點(diǎn)絕對而不能同意。
不是所有的父母都是好老師
最好的老師不僅僅是父母
有些父母盡管善良，但對教育孩子一無所知
z有些父母不配做孩子的老師，對孩子有不良影響
『范文』
Obviously, in most cases the earliest teachers people have are their parents, and parents are generally most concerned about the development of their children. However, it is not completely true to say that parents are the best teachers.
First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have some bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy everything including bad ones from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, when their children do not follow the instructions, the children will be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses
Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are perhaps capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than has ever been before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family.
Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albeit Einstein's mother and that of Forest Gump are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted.
In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers.
3. Does easier-prepared food improve the way people live?
Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
總體上，“食物變得越來越容易準(zhǔn)備”是一種進(jìn)步[37]，所以自然會帶來improvement。使人們的生活方式發(fā)
生了一些變化： 好的：
節(jié)省時間，越來越方便，一定程度上把婦女從繁雜的家務(wù)中解放了出來
也有不好的變化：
準(zhǔn)備食物是一種重要的家庭活動，可是食物變得容易準(zhǔn)備一定程度上使家人在一起的時間減少
了，比如“速凍餃子”[quick-frozen dumpling]
快餐業(yè)的高速發(fā)展的一個直接結(jié)果是，人們普遍變胖了，尤其是孩子
相關(guān)題目：[13]
『范文』
People today can prepare their meal much easier than has ever been before. To prepare a single dinner,provident housewives usually had to work for hours in the past: they had to buy home dirty vegetables which had to wash, meat which had to slice, and so on so forth. Each and every step of preparation was a time-consuming task. But now, things are entirely different. Supermarkets provide vegetables and meat clean and neat, some of them even have relevant ingredients and need only a few minutes to be made into delicious meals. And this change has indeed greatly improved the way people live. In a sense, food preparation is no longer a tedious task, at least much easier to tolerate. Such a change has liberated many women and given them chance to do more meaningful things, for example, a higher pay job or a more respectful one. On the other hand, more men are becoming willing to do the thing that they once hated so much, and in some cases such transformation of men brought dramatic positive impact on the family. Today, it's not hard to imagine a wife comes home after a day's hard work and how delightful she is to find out his husband has already prepared her several her favorite dishes! Children can more easily become independent—at least they can make themselves breakfasts or dinners when parents are occasionally not present. But such a change has also brought some unexpected consequences. Girls nowadays are becoming more and more reluctant to deem household work as their responsibility. The reason is quite straightforward: it was once really ridiculous to insist men do trivial household work rather than go work and earn money to support family, but conditions have altered now, girls might think: "I can work as well, or maybe I can earn a higher salary than you do, dear boy friend, if you want to marry me, answer me one question first, will you prepare me breakfast and dinner every day?" And some boys, on the other hand, are becoming hesitant to get married, or simply remain solitary, among miscellaneous reasons they do so is one thing: "I can take care of myself, at least I don't really need someone prepare me dinner!" Anyway, such a change is positive and it did improve the quality of people's life. At least it has brought girls, boys, husbands, wives, children and everyone else who has to prepare food an opportunity, no matter what kind of opportunity it is.
4. Which is more important, book knowledge or experience? It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
『分析』
注意一定要先進(jìn)行比較
從書本中獲取的知識
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
題材、范圍更多
有更多的深度
更加的系統(tǒng)
缺點(diǎn)：
有時過于教條
也不見得完全準(zhǔn)確
從經(jīng)驗中獲取的知識
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
獲取直接、簡單明了
更加地實用
有些知識無法從書本中獲得
缺點(diǎn)：
不系統(tǒng)，很大的隨意性
很容易產(chǎn)生片面理解
不一定要說A比B更重要，或者B比A更重要。也可以選擇在不同的情況下，有不同的比較。學(xué)習(xí)抽象
的知識，書本是最好的來源。學(xué)習(xí)游泳，這只能靠經(jīng)驗。另外，大多數(shù)的知識要書本經(jīng)驗相結(jié)合才可
以。
相關(guān)題目：[116]
有些科目或者知識適合通過實踐學(xué)習(xí)，比如，語言，體育
有些科目或者知識適合通過閱讀學(xué)習(xí)，比如，物理、化學(xué)、歷史、地理
有些科目或者知識適合通過與別人交流來學(xué)習(xí)，比如銷售技巧;管理技巧
所以不能一概而論(treat different things/problems/matters] as the same)，要看學(xué)什么，以及學(xué)習(xí)的階段。
『范文』
In general, knowledge gained from books has a wider range than that gained from experience. We now live in a world that typophile is no longer overpriced, and that printed matters are readily available. In libraries, we can learn nearly everything only if we have already acquired basic reading skills, philosophy, history, literature, physics, mathematics, chemicals, biology, geography, anthropology, and the list will go on. Unlike the experience of an individual that is limited by the range of that individual, books seem to have almost no limitation. Sitting in the local library, we virtually can travel everywhere through an interesting geographic encyclopedia, and certainly, with nearly no expense at all. On the other hand, it can be argued that sometimes knowledge gained from experience is much deeper and more comprehensive than that gained from books. It is quite true that not every thing is contained in books. How to deal with personal finance, how to cope with current social trends, even how to most effectively organize our own mind, and numerous other things can seldom be found thoroughly and comprehensively discussed in books, we have to gain the knowledge by our own experience. And the sad news is that even some knowledge that is contained in books usually needs further comprehension, mainly through experience. As to which source is more important, the answers vary. Some knowledge can be acquired only through books. It's hard to imagine we can have a good understanding of history without reading books. On the other hand, some knowledge can be obtained only through experience. When we try to learn to swim, merely a detailed manual of swimming skills, even abundantly filled with illustrations, is at most useless. We have to jump into the water and then gain the knowledge with experience. We have to use books and experience as source simultaneously to get what we want to know. Take learning physics for example, both books and experiences are equally important sources, and examples as such are numerous. Therefore, I think whether one source is more important than the other depends on circumstances.
5. The advantages and disadvantages of a new factory near your community A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.
『分析』
先討論“假設(shè)工廠真的落成了，而帶來的好處和壞處”，而后發(fā)表看法。
好處：
直接增加了就業(yè)機(jī)會(到工廠去上班);間接增加了就業(yè)機(jī)會(會有很多服務(wù)業(yè)，比如飯店、商店、
超市等等跟著開業(yè))
如果工廠規(guī)模足夠大，物流規(guī)模也足夠大，那么將最終成為交通改善的起點(diǎn)
大的工廠可以繳納很多稅，對地方財政有好處，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)社區(qū)的繁榮
壞處：
帶來各種污染，比如，噪音、廢氣、污水等等
工廠不一定會贏利
相關(guān)題目： [16]、[25]、[26]、[30]、[79]
『范文』
I live in a primarily agricultural community, and most of the population lives hand to mouth. Parents keep children home from school to work in the fields. If there is a flood or a drought, people starve. A new factory would mean regular monthly salaries as well as protection against natural disasters or a sudden drop in the price of our main agricultural product, say, corn. Regular salaries would allow families the confidence to make investments in their futures. The locals would be able to plan their finances accurately and free themselves from debt. This in turn would encourage entrepreneurship and further develop the local economy. People could begin to open shops, restaurants, dormitories, and entertainment facilities to serve the factory workers with their savings. Profits from these small enterprises would further enrich the local community and turn our relatively poor farmland into a truly profitable development zone. Perhaps more parents could then afford to send all of their children to high school and maybe even college. There would certainly be negative effects as well. If the area becomes prosperous, immigrants from poorer regions will come here looking for work. Because of their relative poverty they will work harder for less money than the locals and drive wages down. There might be more immigrants than factory jobs available, leading to an unemployment crisis with a rising crime rate as a potential negative side effect. On the other hand, the proposed factory would almost certainly have adverse effects on the local environment, particularly in regards to polluting the water. This is perhaps the most serious concern, because without clean water the area cannot sustain life of any kind, com, livestock, or human. However, because of the relatively desperate economic situation of my hometown, I believe the potential benefits of opening a new factory would outweigh the risks. If we take the proper precautions, such as imposing strict environmental standards and providing adequate social services for immigrants, the whole area stands to benefit.
四方面提高托福寫作的實戰(zhàn)速度
托福實戰(zhàn)考試速度取決于四個層面：
一是打字速度
其實我絲毫不懷疑學(xué)生對鍵盤的熟悉程度，因為絕大部分人中文聊天時速度已經(jīng)超神了。那為什么英文就是打不快呢?答案很簡單，大家熟悉的是中文拼音的排列組合，很容易反映出這個聲母后面跟著的是哪個韻母，這個韻母后面又該跟哪個聲母。
而英文就不行，考生對英文單詞的陌生感遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了自己的想象，所以?？紩r總能看到他們不停地思考，不停地刪除重打，時間也就隨之流逝。
我的建議是，每天半小時，電腦左右兩邊各一word文檔，左邊是英文材料，從詞匯到句型到段落到篇章，右邊是空白文檔。先邊看邊打，再試著把左邊遮去，這樣反復(fù)操練，既提升了速度，又鞏固了詞句，提升了語感，說不定還能順便背下幾個好的段落。
二是“模板”
一個好的模板毫無疑問能夠幫助大家節(jié)省時間。但我?guī)缀鯊膩聿粫o學(xué)生一個英文模版讓他去背，然后考試直接往里填單詞。這樣做的危害實在太大了。首先對學(xué)生寫作能力提升來說這是一個很不負(fù)責(zé)任的做法。其次對提分來說更不現(xiàn)實，因為ETS考官甚至包括E-rater(電腦閱卷)都很容易識別出模板舉行，而且模版屬于別人，與你的寫作風(fēng)格和用詞習(xí)慣格格不入，這不是簡單地填幾個單詞就能解決的。
我所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個“思維模版”。你在寫作前需要對議論文開頭主體結(jié)尾段中地每一部分你需要往哪個方向?qū)懞拖氡磉_(dá)什么意圖掌握得非常清楚。拿開頭為例，我上課會提到很多方法，比如時間對比，經(jīng)歷描述，引言，數(shù)據(jù)，背景，設(shè)問等等。這個考生只需大概了解，因為實際考試只有一個開頭，你不需要掌握所有方法，但要用精其中一種。
有的考生會把自己的“思維模板”到每句話，如開頭句話寫大背景，第二句話由大背景過度到解題關(guān)鍵詞，第三句話讓步分析反方理由加列舉現(xiàn)象，第四句話引出自己觀點(diǎn)。他就會在平時練習(xí)中反復(fù)訓(xùn)練這種模式，所以考試的時候能保持一個異常清晰地思路，從而節(jié)省大量思考徘徊時間。
三是理由
我常常講英文寫作不好的，中文寫作也不見得會好。托福獨(dú)立寫作雖然話題簡單，卻考察著學(xué)生較強(qiáng)的問題地解釋和分析能力，雖然不需要有多深刻，但一定要具體有道理。為自己的觀點(diǎn)想理由成了很多考生頭疼的問題，要么是想不出來，要么就是解釋的沒有邏輯沒有條理。
從長遠(yuǎn)看，多閱讀和多思考，多參加一些能鍛煉思辨能力的活動是非常有效的途徑。但如果想短期提升思考速度，就必須掌握一些常見問題的常規(guī)思考角度。
我在上課時會給學(xué)生歸納一些常見地破題角度，舉個例子，一旦碰到“給錢”這個話題，我往往建議考生先分兩個大角度：給錢者和被給錢者。給錢者之所以出錢，對自身有好處，第二對方值得我給。對自身的好處又可分為兩點(diǎn)來討論，一是實的，二是虛的。
如果這個“給錢者”是政府國家，“實”就成了稅收、三大產(chǎn)業(yè)、就業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等角度，“虛”就成了形象、面子、精神、美等角度。其他還可以細(xì)分，在這就不便多講。考生只要掌握一種破題方法，自然能夠舉一反三，迅速想出理由，提高解題速度。
四是材料
材料就是文章的內(nèi)容，下面也會提到一些，這里只說一點(diǎn)，考生一定要有一個自己的材料庫，哪怕是編的，平時編好總勝過臨場發(fā)揮。有人會說我沒有例子，我會回答這是不可能。托福寫作題目是有它自身的合理性，它能保證任何一個有過生活學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷的人都能完整地寫出一篇好作文。
在這里大家不要擔(dān)心自己的事例故事不夠新穎不夠深刻，托福寫作重點(diǎn)考察的是學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境下的語言交流，而不是閱讀量和思想的深刻性。只要你能把觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)清楚，證明清楚，具體用什么證明根本不重要，合理即可。
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